MCAT-TEST Exam Details
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Exam Code
:MCAT-TEST -
Exam Name
:Medical College Admission Test: Verbal Reasoning, Biological Sciences, Physical Sciences, Writing Sample -
Certification
:Medical Tests Certifications -
Vendor
:Medical Tests -
Total Questions
:812 Q&As -
Last Updated
:Jul 08, 2026
Medical Tests MCAT-TEST Online Questions & Answers
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Question 801:
A star with a surface temperature of 20,000o and a low luminosity would most likely be classed as which kind of star?
A. giant
B. supergiant
C. main sequence star
D. white dwarf -
Question 802:
Morphine alkaloids derived from the opium poppy have long been used as analgesics. Codeine, the methyl ether of morphine, is a naturally occurring alkaloid with medicinal properties very similar to those of morphine. Thousands of derivatives of morphine have been synthesized and tested for their biological effects. For example, the diacylated derivative of morphine, heroin, is a highly addictive drug. Much effort has gone into understanding how morphine and its derivatives function.
Studies have shown that certain common structural features of alkaloids are required for the compound to exhibit biological activity. These structural requirements are summarized by the so called "morphine rule":
Demerol and methadone, shown in Figure 2, are two synthetic alkaloids designed to satisfy the "morphine rule." Synthetic alkaloids such as these have been found to mimic certain physiological properties of morphine and its derivatives, and
have found pharmacological application due to other, more desirable biological effects. Methadone has been used widely in the United States and Great Britain as a treatment for heroin addiction; it reduces the physical symptoms
accompanying withdrawal without producing many of the other effects of heroin.
Meperidine (demerol) Figure 2
How many chiral carbons are there in morphine?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7 -
Question 803:
The isoelectric point of glycine is 6.0. When glycine is in a buffer with a pH of 6.0, which form predominates?
A. H3N+-CH2-COO
B. H2N-CH2-COOH
C. H3N+-CH2-COOH
D. H2N-CH2-COO- -
Question 804:
Gauguin's attitude toward art marked a break from the past and a beginning to modern art. Like all Post- Impressionist artists, he passed through an Impressionist phase but became quickly dissatisfied with the limitations of the style, and went on to discover a new style that had the directness and universality of a symbol and that concentrated on impressions, ideas and experiences. The beginning of his modern tradition lay in his rejection of Impressionism. He considered naturalism an error to be avoided. He was preoccupied with suggestion rather than description, seeking to portray not the exterior, but the essence of things in their purest, simplest, and most primitive form, which could only be achieved through simplification of the form. He firmly believed throughout his life that "art is an abstraction" and that "this abstraction [must be derived] from nature while dreaming before it." One must think of the creation that will result rather than the model, and not try to render the model exactly as one sees it. This was the birth of "Synthetism" or rather Synthetist-Symbolic, as Gauguin referred to it, using the term "symbolic" to indicate that the forms and patterns in his pictures were meant to suggest mental images or ideas and not simply to record visual experience.
Symbolism flourished around the period of 1885 to 1910 and can be defined as the rejection of direct, literal representation in favor of evocation and suggestion. Painters tried to give a visual expression to emotional experiences, and therefore the movement was a reaction against the naturalistic aims of Impressionism. Satisfying the need for a more spiritual or emotional approach in art, Symbolism is characterized by the desire to seek refuge in a dreamworld of beauty and the belief that color and line in themselves could express ideas. Stylistically, the tendency was towards flattened forms and broad areas of color, and features of the movement were an intense religious feeling and an interest in subjects of death, disease, and sin.
Similarly, "Synthetism" involved the simplification of forms into large-scale patterns and the expressive purification of colors. Form and color had to be simplified for the sake of expression. This style reacted against the "formlessness" of Impressionism and favored painting subjectively and expressing one's ideas rather than relying on external objects as subject matters. It was characterized by areas of pure colors, very defined contours, an emphasis on pattern and decorative qualities, and a relative absence of shadows.
Gauguin's new art form merged these two movements and succeeded in freeing color, form, and line, bringing it to express the artists' emotions, sensibilities, and personal experiences of the world around them. His style created a break with the old tradition of descriptive naturalism and favored the synthesis of observation and imagination. Gauguin sustained that forms are not discovered in nature but in one's wild imagination, and it was in himself that he searched rather than in his surroundings. For this reason, he scorned the Impressionists for their lack of imagination and their mere scientific reasoning. Furthermore, Gauguin used color unnaturalistically for its decorative or emotional effect and reintroduced emphatic outlines. "Synthetism" signified for him that the forms of his pictures were constructed from symbolic patterns of color and linear rhythms and were not mere scientific reproductions of what is seen by the eye.
Dempsey, A., and Dempsey, A. (2010). Styles, Schools and Movements: The Essential Encyclopaedic Guide to Modern Art. London: Thames and Hudson.
According to the passage, Gauguin rejected Impressionism for a number of reasons. Which of the following reasons CANNOT be inferred to have been a motive of this rejection?
A. Lack of flexibility within the style of Impressionism
B. Lack of intense feelings and emotions in Impressionism
C. Lack of beauty in Impressionism
D. Lack of imagination in Impressionism -
Question 805:
Which of the following will halve the magnitude of the electrostatic force of attraction between two charged particles?
A. Doubling the distance between the particles
B. Halving the charge on each particle
C. Halving the charge on only one of the particles
D. Placing a positively charged particle midway between the particles -
Question 806:
By now the image of California in decline looms as large in the conventional media wisdom as the Golden State -- triumphant cliché–Ÿ of a generation ago -- "this El Dorado", as Time magazine had put it in 1969, that was to be "the mirror of America as it will become." Hardly anyone mentions the sunshine these days, or the beaches, or the beautiful young families around the pool, or the new lifestyles that all Americans will soon emulate, or how the University of California is wall-to-wall with cyclotrons and Nobel laureates, or how the state's higher-education system is accommodating absolutely all comers at little or no cost.
Today, California classrooms are among the most crowded in the country; many schools operate without libraries, without counselors, without nurses, without art or music, with greatly diminished curricular offerings. And what's true for the schools is true for the other services that have no powerful constituencies: children's protective services, probation, public health. Many cities have shut down swimming and wading pools because they cannot be safely maintained, and fenced playgrounds have been shut because of the danger presented by cracked and splintered structures. The list could be extended indefinitely. As thousands of professors receive golden handshakes from the University of California and California State University, among them some of the stars recruited in the go- go Fifties, the crowding in the lecture halls has increased and the lines at the classroom door have gotten longer and longer ("Don't panic," says the T-shirt on a student waiting to enroll at a Sacramento junior college, but many have been in line since four in the morning). U.C. tuition, which was roughly $800 a year in the early 1980s, is now over $4,000, a figure not out of line with tuitions at public colleges in other states but a far cry from the cost of a California state education in the golden days -- and it is almost certain to increase again next year. More than 200,000 students -- roughly 10 percent -- have vanished from the rolls of the state's colleges and universities in the past two years. While per capita tax revenues have been effectively frozen, and while they have declined relative to other states, client rolls for state services -- schools, prisons, Medicaid, welfare -- have been rising faster than population, leaving a structural gap that no one has yet confronted, much less closed. Again this year, the governor and legislature borrowed $7 billion from the banks and rolled over a $5 billion budget deficit, for which few politicians have proposed any remedies. Thanks to the deficit, California, which a decade ago, had one of the highest bond ratings in the country, has one of the lowest. "Were California a corporation," said John Vasconcellos, the chairman of the State Assembly Ways and Means Committee, "it would have little option but to initiate some sort of bankruptcy proceeding." The new image of California is familiar enough: a state suffering from earthquakes, fires, drought, floods, urban riots, dirty air, schools as overcrowded as the freeways; a legislature -- once said to be the nation's most professional and progressive -- oozing with corruption and stuck in the budgetary gridlock; and of course, recession, unemployment, chronic budget deficits, and financial calamity. For those who know their Nathaniel West, their Raymond Chandler, and their Joan Didion, the California apocalypse imagery is hardly new; it was always there on the dark side of the dream. This was the place, as Didion wrote back in the 1960s, "in which a boom mentality and a sense of Chekhovian loss meet in uneasy suspension; in which the mind is troubled by some buried but ineradicable suspicion that things better work here, because here, beneath that immense bleached sky, is where we run out of continent." os Angeles has burnt before. If you believe people like Governor Wilson, most of the state's problems were created somewhere else, usually in Washington, where the Clinton Administration has, on the one hand, cost California hundreds of thousands of jobs through excessive defense cuts and, on the other, allowed a horde of illegal immigrants to overrun the state's schools and health facilities without paying them for the immense costs that come with them...much has been changed in California since the days of West and Chandler, but the capacity for denial and self-deception is undiminished. In fact, California's trouble is at once more prosaic and more complex than the political rhetoric claims or the apocalyptic imagery suggests. It began before the recent recession, the big 1991 fire in the Oakland hills or the San Francisco earthquake of 1989 (itself a rerun of a classic), before those L.A. cops beat up Rodney King or the riot and the fire that followed their acquittal in the first trial, before the eight-year drought that still may not be over. And contrary to what a lot of Californians believe, a lot of the damage didn't just happen to us: we inflicted it on ourselves.
The central purpose of this passage is to:
A. ascribe California's economic and social problems to a set of measurable factors
B. sketch the myriad difficulties facing California today
C. contrast California's economic and social problems with those of other states
D. to dispute the contention that California's problems were caused by the federal government -
Question 807:
Fireworks have been used for centuries in celebrations around the world. One of the primary components of these devices, black powder, was developed by the Chinese over a thousand years ago and is still used today as a propellant and explosive. Black powder is composed of potassium nitrate (KNO3), charcoal (primarily C) and sulfur (S8) in a 75:15:10 ratio by weight. It is very stable if kept dry but can easily be ignited by a spark or burning fuse to undergo the following reaction:
Reaction 1 The basic firework is shown in Figure 1. Fireworks rely on a particular kind of combustion in which oxygen is supplied by oxidizing agents included in the pyrotechnic mixture. When ignited, the solid propellant begins to liquefy and vaporize allowing the fuel and oxidizing agents to interact more intimately leading to rapid expansion of gases. Delay fuses time the ignition of the other compartments to occur when the shell is high above ground.
Figure 1
The light generating units of the firework are called stars and are dispersed and ignited by the bursting charge in each compartment. The intense colors of modern fireworks are generated by molecular emitters. For example, barium chloride emits green light (510?30 nm) and strontium chloride emits vibrant red light (605?50 nm). Many of the molecular emitters are unstable at room temperature and so cannot be placed directly into the firework. Instead, they are synthesized in the flame of the pyrotechnic reaction and exist for a short time before decomposing. The flame temperature must be carefully adjusted so that these emitters do not decompose too rapidly.
The molar ratio of N to C to S in black powder is approximately:
A. 75:125:35
B. 85:10:210
C. 75:15:10
D. 100:20:7 -
Question 808:
Many nutrients required by plants exist in soil as basic cations:
A soil's cation-exchange capacity is a measure of its ability to adsorb these basic cations as well as exchangeable hydrogen and aluminum ions. The cation-exchange capacity of soil is derived from two sources: small clay particles called micelles consisting of alternating layers of alumina and silica crystals, and organic colloids.
Replacement of + and + by other cations of lower valence creates a net negative charge within the inner layers of the micelles. This is called the soil's permanent charge. For example, replacement of an atom of aluminum by calcium within a section where the net charge was previously zero, as shown below, produces a net charge of ?, to which other cations can become adsorbed.
Figure 1
A pH-dependent charge develops when hydrogen dissociates from hydroxyl moieties on the outer surfaces of the clay micelles. This leaves negatively-charged oxygen atoms to which basic cations may adsorb. Likewise, a large pH-
dependent charge develops when hydrogen dissociates from carboxylic acids and phenols in organic matter.
In most clays, permanent charges brought about by substitution account for anywhere from half to nearly all of the total cation-exchange capacity. Soils very high in organic matter contain primarily pH-dependent charges. In a research study,
three samples of soil were leached with a 1 N solution of neutral KCl, and the displaced A13+ and basic cations measured. The sample was then leached again with a buffered solution of BaCl2 and triethanolamine at pH 8.2, and the
displaced H+ measured. Table 1 gives results for three soils tested by this method.
Table 1
Due to the buffering effect of the soil's cation exchange capacity, just measuring the soil solution's pH will not indicate how much base is needed to change the soil pH. In another experiment, measured amounts of acid and base were added to 10-gram samples of well-mixed soil that had been collected from various locations in a field. The volumes of the samples were equalized by adding water. The results were recorded in Figure 2.
Figure 2.
If 29 g of maleic acid () is dissolved in 500 g of ammonia (N), what is the molality of the resulting solution?
A. 0.05 m
B. 0.10 m
C. 0.25 m
D. 0.50 m -
Question 809:
Historically, two different methods have been used to estimate the fluid pressure in capillary beds.
Method 1 A glass pipette is inserted into the capillary. The level of blood rising in the pipette is measured and used to calculate the pressure. Alternatively, an inert fluid of density can be placed in the pipette and its height h can be measured. The pressure in the capillary is given by gh, where g is the acceleration due to gravity.
Figure 1 Method 2
The pressure can be measured indirectly in the following way. A section of gut tissue is removed from a specimen and placed on a beam balance. Blood is circulated through the tissue by a pump. The arterial pressure is then decreased. This leads to a decrease in the capillary hydrostatic pressure in the gut capillaries. The constant osmotic pressure of plasma proteins in the capillary causes absorption of fluid from the gut section which will decrease its weight. To prevent a change in the weight of the gut section, the venous pressure is increased. This tends to increase the capillary pressure, reducing the flow of fluid from the gut tissue into the capillaries. The capillary pressure is thus held constant (and the balance kept level) as the arterial pressure is decreased and the venous pressure increased. The arterial and venous pressures meet at the capillary pressure being measured.
( = MRT, where is the osmotic pressure, M the molarity of the solutes, R the universal gas constant, and T the temperature in Kelvin.)
Figure 2
Which of the following is sufficient information to determine the osmotic pressure of a solution? (Assume that the universal gas constant R is known.)
A. Mass of solid dissolved, volume of solvent, temperature
B. Molecular formula of solute, mass of solvent
C. Number of particles in solution, volume of solution, temperature
D. Number of moles of solid dissolved, density of solution, temperature -
Question 810:
For the last two decades many earth scientists have supported the notion that the Mediterranean was once a huge, dry desert, lying 3,000 meters below sea level. This "death valley" was thought to have existed at the end of Miocene time, about 6 to 5.5 million years ago.... ...From a geological point of view, the Mediterranean is a tectonically mobile land-enclosed depression -- small (about 3,000,000 square kilometers) in comparison to the major world oceans...Immediately obvious on all charts is the highly variable topography and relief of both the seafloor and adjacent borderland. The coastline is highly irregular and continental shelves, though generally narrow, are well developed off the major river deltas (Nile, Rhone, Po, and Ebro). Moreover, the deep-sea basins and trenches have distinctive relief, with basin plains ranging in depth from less than 1,000 meters to more than 4,000...Observation that rocks dredged offshore are similar to those on land raised a fundamental concept -- the key to understanding Mediterranean history lies in the adjacent emerged land masses, and vice- versa.... ...Early paleographic reconstructions showed that the once-open communication with the Atlantic deteriorated during the upper Miocene. Water-mass exchange continued for a while in the Rif Strait, but then ceased completely prior to the beginning of the Pliocene.... ...High relief near what is now the Strait of Gibraltar served as a barrier to the exchange of waters with the Atlantic. Exposed to a hot and dry climate, water evaporated and the then-dry basin elicited comparison with a gigantic Death Valley... Microfossil studies suggested that the depth of the Mediterranean basin at these times had been "deep." Estimates suggested a dry seafloor as far as 2,000 meters below ocean level... As a response to suddenly lowered sea level, rivers feeding the Mediterranean and canyons on the now-dry seafloor began a geologically dramatic phase of erosion. Deep, Grand Canyon-like gorges of the Nile and Rhone rivers, presently buried on land, were apparently cut during a great drawdown of water -- when the Mediterranean floor lay exposed 1,000 meters or more below its present level...The sudden flooding through a gigantic waterfall at Gibraltar drowned the exposed basin floor. These falls would have been 1,000 times bigger than Niagara Falls...This flooding event is recorded by the Miocene Pliocene boundary, a time when open marine faunal assemblages were suddenly reintroduced from the Atlantic.... ...Geological theories usually fall at a glacial pace into a sea of controversy, and this one is no exception. Today -- charging that proof for the theory is lacking -- many scientists believe that the Med always contained saltwater, with only the depth of the seafloor and the water being in question... Some of the tenets on which the theory was formulated are, if not defective, very seriously in question. To interpret their findings, a respectable number of geologists studying the surrounding emerged borderland as well as subsea sections indicate that alternative, more comprehensive concepts must be envisioned.... ...It is not realistic to envision the Mediterranean seafloor of about 5 million years ago as a desert at 3,000 meters below present ocean level. Several years ago...the Mediterranean [was compared] to a complex picture- puzzle that comprises numerous intricate pieces, many of which are already in place. A general image is emerging, although gaps in some areas of the picture remain fuzzy and indistinct.
According to the author, which of the following is the most likely theory concerning the formation of the Mediterranean?
A. Once a "Death Valley," the Mediterranean basin eventually filled with water to become a "sea."
B. At the beginning of the Pliocene, an intense waterfall connected the Atlantic Ocean to the desert land mass that later became the Mediterranean.
C. The approaching Eurasian and African land masses "pinched off" a large body of water that developed into the modern day Mediterranean.
D. None of the above
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