Passwords protect computer resources and files from unauthorized access by malicious users. Using passwords is the most capable and effective way to protect information and to increase the security level of a company. Password cracking is the process of recovering passwords from data that have been stored in or transmitted by a computer system to gain unauthorized access to a system.

Which of the following password cracking attacks tries every combination of characters until the password is broken?
A. Brute-force attackThe objective of social engineering pen testing is to test the strength of human factors in a security chain within the organization. It is often used to raise the level of security awareness among employees.

The tester should demonstrate extreme care and professionalism during a social engineering pen test as it might involve legal issues such as violation of privacy and may result in an embarrassing situation for the organization. Which of the following methods of attempting social engineering is associated with bribing, handing out gifts, and becoming involved in a personal relationship to befriend someone inside the company?
A. Accomplice social engineering techniqueWhich of the following is an ARP cache poisoning technique aimed at network switches?
A. Replay AttackWhich of the following contents of a pen testing project plan addresses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats involved in the project?
A. Project GoalWhich of the following is NOT generally included in a quote for penetration testing services?
A. Type of testing carried outPort numbers are used to keep track of different conversations crossing the network at the same time. Both TCP and UDP use port (socket) numbers to pass information to the upper layers. Port numbers have the assigned ranges.

Port numbers above 1024 are considered which one of the following?
A. Dynamically assigned port numbersIdentify the policy that defines the standards for the organizational network connectivity and security standards for computers that are connected in the organizational network.
A. Information-Protection PolicyWhich of the following methods is used to perform server discovery?
A. Banner GrabbingInternet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) messages occur in many situations, such as whenever a datagram cannot reach the destination or the gateway does not have the buffering capacity to forward a datagram. Each ICMP message contains three fields: type, code, and checksum. Different types of Internet Control Message Protocols (ICMPs) are identified by a TYPE field. If the destination is not reachable, which one of the following are generated?
A. Type 8 ICMP codesWhich one of the following tools of trade is an automated, comprehensive penetration testing product for assessing the specific information security threats to an organization?
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