Test Prep Test Prep Certifications OAT Questions & Answers

• Question 131:

  Which of the following is a component of bacterial cell wall?

  A. Chitin

  B. Cellulose

  C. Peptidoglycan

  D. All of the above

  E. None of the above

  Correct Answer: C

  Peptidoglycan is indeed a component in bacterial cell walls. Plants' cell wall is composed of cellulose and fungi is chitin.

• Question 132:

  Which is the correct order of classification, going from most broad to most specific?

  A. Phylum > Order > Class > Genus > Species

  B. Domain > Class > Order > Species > Genus

  C. Domain > Phylum > Class > Family > Species

  D. Phylum > Family > Class > Order > Genus

  E. Species > Genus > Family > Order > Class

  Correct Answer: C

  This is the most accurate order of classification.

  It is usually: Domain > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species

• Question 133:

  Which of the following most accurately represents the interpretation of the endosymbiotic theory?

  A. The formation of cell walls in plants came from a fusion of a plant eukaryotic cell with a bacterial cell.

  B. Bacteria gained their cell wall via a fusion with a protozoan, forming a symbiotic relationship.

  C. Bacteria was engulfed by a eukaryotic cell, forming a symbiotic relationship and later to become a mitochondria.

  D. Bacteria was engulfed by a eukaryotic cell, forming a symbiotic relationship and leading to become a chloroplast.

  E. C and D

  Correct Answer: E

  The endosymbiotic theory explains the mitochondria and chloroplasts found in eukaryotic cells (the latter in plant cells specifically). A bacteria was engulfed (but not digested) by a eukaryotic cell, forming a symbiotic relationship that later lead to the double membrane contained organelles.

• Question 134:

  Bacteria do not undergo meiosis (and sexual reproduction), but they have other mechanisms of attaining genetic diversity, such as the intake of free, naked DNA in the environment. This is called:

  A. Conjugation

  B. Transduction

  C. Pilus

  D. Transformation

  E. Bacteriophage

  Correct Answer: D

  Transformation is the definition of picking up free DNA from other bacteria that died. Conjugation is the transfer of DNA from a one cell to another via the pilus. Transduction is the use of bacteriophages (virus) to transfer DNA from one bacteria cell to another via infection.

• Question 135:

  What is the functional unit of the liver called?

  A. Nephron

  B. Lobule

  C. Osteon

  D. Sarcomere

  E. Alveoli

  Correct Answer: B

• Question 136:

  Which hormone is responsible for red blood cell production?

  A. Prolactin

  B. Aldosterone

  C. ACTH

  D. Oxytocin

  E. Erythropoietin

  Correct Answer: E

  Erythropoietin is produced in the kidneys and travels to the bone marrow signaling the production of RBC.

• Question 137:

  Which part of the pancreas functions as the endocrine system of the organ?

  A. Gall bladder

  B. Islets of Langerhans

  C. Islets of Granada

  D. Calyx

  E. Hilum

  Correct Answer: B

  Islets of Langerhans contain the alpha and beta cells, responsible for releasing the hormones glucagon and insulin, respectively.

• Question 138:

  While veins are usually associated with carrying deoxygenated blood, which of the following veins carries oxygenated blood?

  A. Great saphenous vein

  B. Axillary vein

  C. Hepatic vein

  D. Brachial vein

  E. Pulmonary vein

  Correct Answer: E

  Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. It is one of the few veins that carries oxygenated blood (umbilical vein is another).

• Question 139:

  Which of the following proteins are incorrectly matched to their functions?

  A. DNA Topoisomerase: relaxes supercoiling.

  B. Helicase: Unwinds the double helix of the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds.

  C. DNA Polymerase I: Removes and replaces the RNA primer with DNA.

  D. DNA Ligase: Joins DNA segments together, as seen with Okazaki fragments.

  E. None of the above.

  Correct Answer: E

  All of the answer choices are correct. These proteins are components of DNA replication and should be known.

• Question 140:

  Which of the following structure and function are linked incorrectly below?

  A. Epididymis – stores sperm

  B. Oviduct – site of fertilization

  C. Vas deferens – transports the sperm to the urethra

  D. Seminal vesicles – gives sperm alkaline based protection to neutralize acidity of vagina

  E. None of the above

  Correct Answer: E

  All of the answer choices are all indeed correct.