ISTQB ISTQB-CTAL-TM Online Practice Questions and Exam Preparation

ISTQB ISTQB-CTAL-TM Online Questions & Answers

• Question 191:

  You are working on a project where the business part of the organization works traditionally with defined requirements, but the development team follows an Agile model Neither team plans to change their approach What is the proper name for this type of project approach?

  A. Sequential
  B. Hybrid as a transition to Agile
  C. Agile
  D. Hybrid as fit for purpose
  D. Hybrid as fit for purpose

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  Explanation

  Context Analysis:

  The project described has teams using different methodologies (traditional vs. Agile) tailored to their needs.

  The "fit for purpose" hybrid approach is explicitly designed to combine methodologies based on team and project requirements.

  Evaluation of Options:

  A. Sequential:

  Incorrect. A sequential approach suggests a traditional waterfall-like model, not a hybrid.

  B. Hybrid as a transition to Agile:

  Incorrect. This term implies the entire project is transitioning to Agile, which is not the case here.

  C. Agile:

  Incorrect. Only the development team is Agile; the business team uses a traditional approach.

  D. Hybrid as fit for purpose:

  Correct. Combines the most effective aspects of both traditional and Agile methodologies to suit the project context.

  Syllabus Alignment:

  ISTQB defines hybrid models as combinations of methodologies tailored to specific project needs (TM-1.2.4).

  References:

  ISTQB Advanced Level Test Management Syllabus (TM-1.2.4)

• Question 192:

  Which of the followingis a factor that is likely to increase the test estimate? [1]

  A. Use of a new technology
  B. A requirement for high level test documentation
  C. Assigned personnel who are experienced on working with similar projects in similar environments
  D. Static test data
  A. Use of a new technology

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  Explanation

  A test estimate is an approximation of the amount of effort, time, and resources required to perform testing activities for a software project1. A test estimate can be influenced byvarious factors, such as the size, complexity, and quality of the software, the scope, objectives, and approach of the testing, the skills, experience, and availability of the test team, the tools, methods, and standards used for testing, and the constraints, risks, and assumptions related to the project2. One of the factors that is likely to increase the test estimate is the use of a new technology. A new technology is a technology that is unfamiliar or unproven to the test team or the organization, such as a new programming language, framework, platform, or tool3. The use of a new technology can increase the test estimate because it may require more time and effort to learn, understand, and apply the technology, as well as to deal with potential issues, challenges, or limitations that may arise from the technology. Therefore, option A is the correct answer. Option B is incorrect because a requirement for high level test documentation is not a factor that is likely to increase the test estimate, but rather a factor that is likely to increase the test documentation effort. Test documentation is the set of documents that describe the test basis, test objectives, test design, test procedures, test results, and test evaluation of a software project. A requirement for high level test documentation means that the test documents need to be detailed, comprehensive, and consistent, which may require more time and effort to produce, review, and maintain. However, this does not necessarily affect the test estimate, as the test documentation effort can be considered as a separate or parallel activity to the test execution effort. Option C is incorrect because assigned personnel who are experienced on working with similar projects in similar environments is not a factor that is likely to increase the test estimate, but rather a factor that is likely to decrease the test estimate. Experienced personnel are personnel who have the relevant knowledge, skills, and abilities to perform the testing activities for a software project. Assigned personnel who are experienced on working with similar projects in similar environments can decrease the test estimate because they may require less time and effort to understand, design, implement, and execute the tests, as well as to deal with potential issues, challenges, or limitations that may arise from the project. Option D is incorrect because static test data is not a factor that is likely to increase the test estimate, but rather a factor that is likely to decrease the test estimate. Test data is the data that is used as input or output for the tests. Static test data is test data that is fixed and predefined, and does not change during the test execution. Static test data can decrease the test estimate because it may require less time and effort to create, manage, and maintain, as well as to ensure the validity, reliability, and traceability of the test data.

  References: 1: ISTQB Glossary, Test Estimate 2: ISTQB Advanced Level Test Manager Syllabus, Section 3.1.1 3: What is New Technology? - Definition from Techopedia : The Impact of New Technologies on Software Testing : ISTQB Glossary, Test Documentation : ISTQB Glossary, Experienced-Based Test Technique : ISTQB Glossary, Test Data : ISTQB Glossary, Static Test Data : Test Manager - ISTQB not-for-profit association : [ISTQB Foundation Level #38 - Test Estimation Techniques - Software Testing Mentor] : [What are the estimation techniques in software testing?]

• Question 193:

  You are a Test Manager at a company that develops mobile phone applications. Based on historical data in your company, you have calculated the following average metrics for system testing: for each 100 LOC (Lines Of Code). 4 test cases are executed each test case takes on average 15 minutes to execute and check for each 1000 LOC, 5 defects are found You have used this information to create an estimate for the system testing of a new mobile phone application being developed to submit gas and electricity readings. The application delivered for system testing has 50.000 lines of code. At the end of system testing, 250 defects are discovered. Assume that: the system test of the new mobile phone application will require the same amount of effort as previous applications defect density = number of defects/1000 LOC no new tools or processes have been introduced to the test team Based only on the given information, which one of the following statements is true about this new mobile phone application? SELECT ONE OPTION

  A. The time taken to run all the estimated tests would be 750 hours.
  B. 3000 test cases will be executed during system testing and 250 defects will be found.
  C. The actual number of defects found is the same as the estimated number of defects.
  D. The source code contains a lower defect density than the source code of past applications
  C. The actual number of defects found is the same as the estimated number of defects.

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  Explanation

• Question 194:

  Which of the following describes the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) risk analysis technique? SELECT ONE OPTION

  A. FMEA is a quality risk management technique concerned with quality risks that arise from an incorrect understanding of the customer requirements.
  B. FMEA is an analytical process upstream, that attempts to identify the hazards for each risk.
  C. FMEA is where quality risks, their potential causes and their likely effects are identified and then severity, priority and detection ratings are assigned.
  D. FMEA is a risk mitigation process that involves determining every possible type of failure, and designing tests to cover each one.
  C. FMEA is where quality risks, their potential causes and their likely effects are identified and then severity, priority and detection ratings are assigned.

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  Explanation

• Question 195:

  Club 65 to 90 is a holiday club for retired people run by a small company, the IT department consists of 1 Designer, 3 Developers and 1 System Tester Their booking system has been "live" for a number of years and the company has a loyal

  client base. A variety of automation tools are used for development and testing to improve effectiveness and efficiency.

  A new project will introduce a loyalty scheme and both a Business Requirement Specification and a System Design Specification have been produced A Rapid Application Development (RAD) lifecycle model will be used where time is crucial.

  In the past there have been problems with updates to the existing system, which has affected existing functionality. Testers have not used representative and realistic operational profiles and data, which has led to significant production

  problems. The following test policy statements have been proposed for the project:

  a- Testing must be risk based;

  b- A Master Test Plan, confirming to IEEE829, must be produced for each test project;

  c- Test procedures must be run by a tester who did not write the procedure;

  d- Regression testing should be carried out on all releases;

  e- The testers are accountable for all defects found in production;

  f- Time must be given to designing test environments so that they are representative of the live environment.

  Which of the following options identifies the three policy statements that would be MOST beneficial for this project?

  A. a, d and e.
  B. a.b and e.
  C. a.d and f.
  D. b.c and f.
  C. a.d and f.

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  Explanation

• Question 196:

  Your company specialises in offering travel insurance policies to the over 60 age bracket. It is starting a new project to modernise the design of its website, which is seen to be inferior to its competitors. The project will use a SCRUM software

  development methodology.

  As senior test manager for your company, you have been asked to identify three test analysts to join the SCRUM development team. There are a number of testers currently not allocated to projects who would be available, all of them have

  been with the company for a number of years, although some have little or no experience in iterative development.

  You must assess their current skillsets to determine whether any of them possess skills that would be of particular relevance for the new project. Which TWO of the following skills should you focus on in your assessment?

  A. Methodological competence - the ability to analyse the test basis and deal with product risks
  B. Professional competence - technical expertise to implement automated tests and performing exploratory testing
  C. Professional competence - having business domain expertise in travel insurance
  D. Professional competence - coaching and mentoring others to understand SCRUM theory and good practice
  E. Personal competence - a high level of self-management and discipline
  B. Professional competence - technical expertise to implement automated tests and performing exploratory testing
  E. Personal competence - a high level of self-management and discipline

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  Explanation

  In Agile environments, ISTQB emphasizes testers having technical expertise (e.g., test automation, exploratory testing) and personal skills like self-management and discipline. These qualities enable the tester to operate effectively in a collaborative, fast-paced Agile team.

• Question 197:

  Your defect opened trend is converging to the closed trend but there is still a gap. What does that gap represent?

  A. Defects that are projected but have not been found yet
  B. Defects fixed but not yet closed
  C. Defects that have resulted from regressions
  D. Defects that will be introduced to production
  B. Defects fixed but not yet closed

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  Explanation

  Understanding the Defect Trend Gap:

  A gap between "defects opened" and "defects closed" usually indicates defects that have been resolved (fixed) but are pending formal closure, often awaiting retesting or approval. The trend convergence suggests the defect management

  process is effective, but some defects are

  still in the verification stage.

  Evaluation of Options:

  Ais incorrect: The gap does not indicate projected but unfound defects.

  Cis incorrect: Regression defects would cause a divergence, not convergence, in trends.

  Dis incorrect: Defects introduced to production are unrelated to the convergence.

  Bis correct as it aligns with the standard defect lifecycle.

  References and Syllabus Alignment:

  This aligns with "Defect Management" in the ISTQB syllabus, emphasizing defect lifecycle tracking (TM-2.3.1).

• Question 198:

  You are writing the project test plan and are analysing the following risks in the project risk register:

  

  Which would be the MOST appropriate test activities to mitigate the product risks?

  A. Ignore Risk 1 as this cannot be mitigated by testing activities. Apply performance testing for Risk 2 and schedule it ahead of security testing for Risk 4. Disregard Risk 3 as it cannot be mitigated by test activities
  B. Apply portability testing for Risk 1 and schedule it ahead of security testing for Risk 4 and finally performance testing for Risk 2. Embed users with visual disabilities into the design team for Risk 3
  C. Ignore Risk 1 as this cannot be mitigated by testing activities. Apply security testing for Risk 4 and schedule it ahead of performance testing for Risk 2. Conduct reviews of early screen designs and involve users with visual disabilities
  D. Ignore Risk 1 as this is not within scope of a project test strategy. Apply performance testing for Risks 2 and 4, but schedule Risk 4 testing first. Ensure end-users with visual disabilities are involved during UAT
  C. Ignore Risk 1 as this cannot be mitigated by testing activities. Apply security testing for Risk 4 and schedule it ahead of performance testing for Risk 2. Conduct reviews of early screen designs and involve users with visual disabilities

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  Explanation

  Risk 1 is about environment availability, aproject risk, not a product risk -- cannot be mitigated by test execution. For Risk 2 (performance), conductperformance testing; for Risk 4 (security), dosecurity testingfirst due to severity.

  For Risk 3, earlyusability reviewsand involving users with disabilities supports accessibility testing.

  “Risk-based testing... involves the identification of product risks and the assessment of each risk’s likelihood and impact... Testing is used as a risk mitigation activity”.

  “User experience (UX) feedback might not meet product expectations” is listed as a quality risk example.

• Question 199:

  A car rental company offers discounts to its customers based on a number of factors, including booking history, length of membership and type of car being booked. An update to the rental application is under test, with test cases written that specifically address a documented product risk covering discount calculation. Although the risk impact was analysed as high, the likelihood was given as low, as there had been no known changes to the calculation rules. However, during test execution some discount calculations were incorrect and investigation showed that code changes had been made that impacted the discount algorithms. As a result, the likelihood was increased to high by the risk management team. Which would be the BEST measure to take to respond to the current situation?

  A. Monitor the risk and adjust the risk register to reflect the changed risk level and any new risksdiscovered
  B. Update the test case coverage of the discount calculation risk to reflect the increased risk level
  C. Review the composition of the risk management team to ensure a better diversity of stakeholders
  D. Adopt a risk-based testing strategy to help mitigate failures in the rental application
  B. Update the test case coverage of the discount calculation risk to reflect the increased risk level

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  Explanation

  When the likelihood or impact of a risk changes, the response should include adapting the testing effort accordingly. Since the risk level has increased,the coverage of the risk through test cases should be increased as well. This aligns with

  the principle of risk-based testing that uses updated risk levels to prioritize and adjust test planning and execution:

  “Risk-based testing... involves product risk analysis which includes the identification of product risks and the assessment of each risk’s likelihood and impact... The resulting product risk information is used to guide test planning, specification,

  preparation and execution of test cases”.

• Question 200:

  You are the manager of a test team. You inherited most of these people from a previous manager who promoted technical skills, particularly

  programming skills. As a result, your people are very strong in test automation skills, white box testing and complex test design techniques. You have just been told that you can hire five new people. You want the new people to complement

  the existing skill sets and you want to be sure the team will have a strong mutual respect.

  Given the following options, who should you hire? [3]

  A. Hire all black box testers because you are severely lacking in that skill set.
  B. Hire customer support people who have experience with the customer interface.
  C. Hire a mix of people with strong testing and domain skills.
  D. Hire college interns who can be trained by the existing people.
  C. Hire a mix of people with strong testing and domain skills.

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  Explanation

  The best option to hire new people for your test team is to hire a mix of people with strong testing and domain skills. This means that the new people have both the technical knowledge and the business understanding to test the software system effectively and efficiently. Hiring a mix of people with strong testing and domain skills can complement the existing skill sets of your test team, as well as enhance the team’s diversity, creativity, and collaboration. Hiring a mix of people with strong testing and domain skills can also help the team to achieve a balance between white box and black box testing, and to cover different aspects and perspectives of the software system. How to Build a Software Testing TeamHow to Hire a Software Tester

  References: How to Build a Software Testing Team - Testim.io How to Hire a Software Tester - The Ultimate Guide