NAHQ NAHQ Certifications CPHQ Questions & Answers

• Question 161:

  In the 1970s, Deming developed his 14 points for western Management in response to requests from U.S. managers for the secret to the radical improvement that Japanese companies were achieving in a number of industries. As part of his "system of profound knowledge," Deming promoted that "around 15% of poor quality was because of workers, and the rest of 85% was due to bad management, improper systems and processes." The "system" is based on parts.

  Which of the following is/are NOT out of those parts?

  A. Appreciation for a system

  B. Knowledge about variation

  C. Theory of knowledge

  D. Sociology

  Correct Answer: D

• Question 162:

  He used his understanding of statistics to design tools to respond to variation. Following his arrival at Western Electric Co. in 1924, Shewhart introduced the concepts of common cause, special cause variation and statistical control. He designed these concepts to assist Bell Telephone of repairs within its transmission systems. Who is he?

  A. W. Edwards Deming

  B. Joseph M. Juran

  C. Walter Shewhart

  D. Armand Shewhart

  Correct Answer: C

• Question 163:

  __________________ arises from a single or small set of causes that are not part of event or process and therefore can be traced, identified and implemented or eliminated. In general, researchers are interested in this variation because they can link-or-assign variation to a single specific cause and act accordingly.

  A. Process variation

  B. Assignable variation

  C. Random variation

  D. Performance variation

  Correct Answer: B

• Question 164:

  Measurement of variation in health care and its application to quality improvement must begin with the

  identification and articulation of:

  (Choose two.)

  A. What is to be measured?

  B. Assignable variation

  C. The standard against which is to be compared a process based on extensive research, trial and error and collaborative discussion

  D. Understanding true variation versus artifact or statistical error

  Correct Answer: BC

• Question 165:

  ___________________ is a difference between an observed event and a standard or norm. Without this standard, or, best practice, measurement of variation offers little beyond a description of the observations.

  A. Variation

  B. Process variation

  C. Assignable variation

  D. Random variation

  Correct Answer: A

• Question 166:

  _________________ standards denote level of quality that can be reached under the best conditions, typically conditions similar to those under which efficacy is determined. These standards are especially useful as a reference points being evaluated should set as a benchmark.

  A. Optimal standards

  B. Minimal standards

  C. Achievable standards

  D. Something in between

  Correct Answer: A

• Question 167:

  When formulating medical standards, a critical decision that must be made is the _____ at which the standard should be set.

  A. Depth

  B. Clarity

  C. Level

  D. utility of measurement

  Correct Answer: C

• Question 168:

  For checking the outcomes our focus of attention is blood pressure of patients with diabetes. Its criteria and standard can be respectively:

  A. Criterion: Percentage of post heart attack patients prescribed beta-blockers on discharge and Standard: At least 96% of heart attack patients receive a beta-blocker prescription on discharge

  B. Criterion: Percentage of patients with diabetes whose blood pressure is at or below 130/85 and Standard: At least 50% of patients with diabetes have blood pressure at or below 130/85

  C. Criterion: Sugar level in blood on daily basis and Standard: How many times sugar level rises and how many times it declines in a week

  D. None of these

  Correct Answer: B

• Question 169:

  Universities often evaluate applicants for admission on the basis of, among other things, the applicants' scores on standardized tests. The scores are thus one of the criteria by which program judge the Quality of their applicants. However, although two programs may use the same criterion ?scores on a specific standardized examination ?to evaluate applicants, the programs may differ markedly on standards. One program may consider applicants acceptable if they have scores above the 50th percentile, whereas the score above the 90th percentile may be the standard of acceptability for the other program.

  This example clearly defines the difference between:

  A. Sources and structure

  B. Criteria and standards

  C. Processes and outcomes

  D. Efficacy and equity

  Correct Answer: B

• Question 170:

  Knowledge about _______ is crucial to making valid judgments about quality of care using either process or outcome measures. If we know that a given clinical intervention was undertaken in circumstances that match those, under which the intervention has been shown to be efficacious, we can be confident, that the care was appropriate and, to the extent of good quality.

  A. Outcomes

  B. Structure

  C. Efficacy

  D. Processes

  Correct Answer: C