In every survey, some people agree to be respondents but do not answer every question. Although nonresponse to individual questions is usually low, occasionally it can be high and can affect estimates. Categories of patients mentioned below selected to be in the sample; do not actually provide data.
Which of the following is odd one?
A. Patients the data collection procedures do not reach, thereby not giving them a chance to answer questions
B. Patients asked to provide data who refuse to do so (do not respond to the survey)
C. Patients asked to provide data who are unable to perform the task required of them (e.g., people who are too ill to respond to a survey or whose reading and writing skills preclude them from filling out self-administered questionnaires)
D. Patients do not truly provide demographic information
All patients who have been selected to provide feedback should have an equal opportunity to respond. Any situation that makes certain patients less likely to be included in a sample leads to bias.
Survey vendors also can minimize sampling bias through:
A. Judgment
B. Experience
C. Probability sampling
D. Cluster sampling
The weighting issue also arises when comparing hospitals or clinics within a system. What happens if the service case mix is similar?
A. One can compare by hospitals or clinics within a system
B. Scores should be weighted before comparisons are made among hospitals
C. One can compare by hospitals or clinics even out of a system
D. Scores should be weighted after comparisons are made among hospitals
An optimal response rate is necessary to have a representative sample; therefore, boosting response rates should be a priority.
Methods to improve response rates include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Making telephone reminder calls for certain types of surveys
B. Using the Dillman method, a three wave mailing protocol designed to boost response rates
C. Ensuring that telephone numbers or addresses are drawn from as accurate rate a source as possible
D. Offering incentives appropriate for the focus group population
Weighting of scores is frequently recommended if members of a (patients) population have unequal probabilities of being selected for the sample. If necessary, weights are assigned to the different observations to provide a representation picture of the total population.
Weighting should be considered when
A. An equal distribution of patients exists by discharge service, nursing unit, or clinic
B. An unequal distribution of patients exists by discharge service, nursing unit, or clinic
C. An unequal distribution of patients exists by laboratories
D. An equal distribution of patients exists by ICUs
The test-retest reliability coefficient is a method to measure instrument reliability. This method measures the degree of correspondence between:
A. Answers to the different questions asked of the same respondents at different points in time
B. Answers to the same questions asked of the same respondents at same point in time
C. Answers to the same questions asked of the same respondents at different points in time
D. Answers to the different questions asked of the same respondents at same point in time
Reliability is a matter of whether a particular technique applied repeatedly to the same object yields the same results each time. The reliability of a survey is initially addressed within ________________.
A. Questionnaire development phase
B. Questionnaire analysis phase
C. Evaluation phase
D. Implementation phase
________________ is the degree to difference between survey results when the scales are applied in different settings. Survey scores should reflect differences institutions, where care is presumably different.
A. Discriminant validity
B. Criterion validity
C. Content validity
D. Construct validity
Face validity is based on the logical relationship among variables (or questions) and refers to the extent to which a scale measures the structure, or theoretical framework, it is designed to measure (e.g., satisfaction).
A. True
B. False
C. True in a situation where external factors are not affecting
D. True in a situation where internal factors are not affecting
For example, a bathroom scale that always reads 185 pounds is reliable. Although the scale may be reliable and consistent, it is not valid if the person does not weigh 185 pounds.
So, in conventional use, the term validity refers to: (Choose two.)
A. The degree to which the measurement made by a interviews corresponds to some fair value
B. The degree to which the measurement made by a focus group corresponds to some true or real value
C. The extent to which an empirical measure accurately reflects the meaning of the concept under consideration
D. The degree to which the measurement made by a survey corresponds to some true or real value
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