WGU University WGU-SPF Online Practice Questions and Exam Preparation

WGU University WGU-SPF Online Questions & Answers

• Question 11:

  A program adds a service fee to the total cost of concert tickets when the tickets are printed and mailed to customers. Another service fee is also added if the tickets are purchased using a credit card.

  Which programming structure should be used to implement this logic?

  A. Multiple if statements
  B. If statement
  C. While loop
  D. Do-while loop
  A. Multiple if statements

  ---

  The scenario describes conditional logic where service fees depend on these factors:

  Printing: There seems to be a base service fee whenever tickets are printed. Mailing: An additional fee applies if tickets are printed and mailed. The most suitable way to model this logic is using multiple if statements:

  First if: Checks if tickets are printed. If so, add the base printing fee. Second if (nested): Checks if tickets are mailed (and by implication, already printed). If so, add the mailing fee.

• Question 12:

  Which type of language requires variables to be declared ahead of time and prohibits their types from changing while the program runs?

  A. Scripted (interpreted)
  B. Procedural
  C. Static
  D. Compiled
  C. Static

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  The type of language that requires variables to be declared ahead of time and prohibits their types from changing while the program runs is known as a statically typed language. In statically typed languages, the type of a variable is determined at compile-time and cannot be changed during runtime. This means that the compiler must know the exact data types of all variables used in the program, and these types must remain consistent throughout the execution of the program. Statically typed languages

  require developers to declare the type of each variable before using it, which can help catch type errors during the compilation process, potentially preventing runtime errors and bugs.

  References:

  https://www.remotely.works/blog/understanding-the-differences-static-vs-dynamic-typing-in-programming-languages

• Question 13:

  What is the outcome for the given algorithm? Round to the nearest tenth, if necessary.

  

  NumList = [1, 3, 6, 6, 7, 3] x = 0 Count = 0 for Number in NumList x = x + Number Count = Count + 1 x = x / Count Put x to output

  A. 5.0
  B. 6.0
  C. 6.1
  D. 8.4
  A. 5.0

  ---

  Initialize two variables: x and Count to zero.

  Iterate through each number in the NumList.

  For each number in the list:

  After processing all numbers in the list, calculate the average:

  The NumList contains the following integers: [1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8]. Calculating the average: (1 + 3 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 8) / 6 = 30 / 6 = 5.0. However, none of the provided options match this result. It seems there might be an error in either the options or the calculation.

  References: This explanation is based on understanding and analyzing the provided algorithm image; no external references are used.

• Question 14:

  Which operator is used to combine two Boolean expressions so that BOTH must be true?

  A. ||
  B. andand
  C. !=
  D. %
  B. andand

  ---

  Explanation

  The logical AND operator (andand) evaluates to true only when both Boolean expressions it connects are true. This operator is commonly used in conditional statements that require multiple conditions to be satisfied simultaneously.

• Question 15:

  A function should convert a Fahrenheit temperature (F) to a Celsius temperature. What should be the output from the function?

  A. C only
  B. F only
  C. F and C
  D. F and 32
  A. C only

  ---

  A function that converts a Fahrenheit temperature (F) to Celsius (C) should output the Celsius value, as the purpose is to perform the conversion. The formula is C = (F - 32) * 5 / 9. According to foundational programming principles, a function's output should be the computed result of its task.

  Option A: "C only." This is correct. The function's purpose is to convert F to C, so it should return the Celsius temperature (e.g., in Python: def f_to_c(f): return (f - 32) * 5 / 9).

  Option B: "F only." This is incorrect. Returning the input (Fahrenheit) does not accomplish the conversion.

  Option C: "F and C." This is incorrect. While the function could return both, the question asks for the output of the conversion, which is C. Returning F is redundant.

  Option D: "F and 32." This is incorrect. The constant 32 is part of the formula but not a meaningful output, and F is the input, not the result.

  Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Functions and Return Values).

  Python Documentation: "Functions" (https://docs.python.org/3/reference/compound_stmts.html#function- definitions).

  W3Schools: "C Functions" (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_functions.php).

• Question 16:

  A programming team is using the Waterfall design approach to create an application.

  Which deliverable would be produced during the design phase?

  A. A report of customer satisfaction
  B. A list of additional features to be added during revision
  C. A written description of the goals for the project
  D. The programming paradigm to be used
  D. The programming paradigm to be used

  ---

  The Waterfall methodology is a linear, sequential approach to software development, with distinct phases:

  requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide), the design phase in Waterfall produces technical specifications, including architectural decisions like the programming paradigm.

  Waterfall Design Phase:

  Translates requirements into a detailed blueprint for implementation.

  Deliverables include system architecture, data models, programming paradigm (e.g., object- oriented, procedural), and module specifications.

  Option A: "The programming paradigm to be used." This is correct. During the design phase, the team decides on the programming paradigm (e.g., object-oriented for Java, procedural for C) to structure the application, as this guides implementation. This is a key deliverable.

  Option B: "A list of additional features to be added during revision." This is incorrect. Additional features are identified during requirements analysis or later maintenance phases, not design.

  Option C: "A report of customer satisfaction." This is incorrect. Customer satisfaction reports are generated during or after deployment (maintenance phase), not design.

  Option D: "A written description of the goals for the project." This is incorrect. Project goals are defined during the requirements analysis phase, not design.

  Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Waterfall Methodology).

• Question 17:

  Which phase of a waterfall approach defines specifies on how to build a program?

  A. Analysis
  B. Implementation
  C. Design
  D. Testing
  C. Design

  ---

  In the Waterfall approach to software development, the phase that defines and specifies how to build a program is the Design phase. This phase follows the initial Analysis phase, where the requirements are gathered, and precedes the Implementation phase, where the actual coding takes place. During the Design phase, the software's architecture, components, interfaces, and data are methodically planned out. This phase translates the requirements into a blueprint for constructing the software, ensuring that the final product will meet the specified needs. References: The stages of the Waterfall methodology and their purposes are well- documented in project management and software engineering literature. Atlassian provides a comprehensive guide on the Waterfall methodology, detailing each phase and its significance1. Built In also offers insights into the Waterfall methodology, including the systematic structure it provides for planning, organization, design, and testing2. These sources affirm the role of the Design phase in the Waterfall approach as the stage where the program's construction is defined.

• Question 18:

  Which task is BEST suited for a for loop rather than a while loop?

  A. Asking a user to retry input until valid
  B. Repeating an action until a condition changes
  C. Iterating through every element in an array
  D. Monitoring system status continuously
  C. Iterating through every element in an array

  ---

  A for loop is ideal when the number of iterations is known or determined by a collection's size, such as iterating through every element in an array. While loops are better suited for indefinite repetition.

• Question 19:

  Consider the given function.

  

  What is the total output when F (sign, horse) is called 2 times?

  A. sign and horse sign and horse
  B. sign and horse sign and horse
  C. sign and horse sign and horse
  D. sign and horse and sign and horse
  B. sign and horse sign and horse

  ---

  The provided code defines a function named F that takes two strings si and l2 as input. However, there seems to be a typo in the variable names (si instead of sign and l2 instead of horse).

  Inside the function:

  Put sl to output: This line likely has a typo as well. It's intended to print the input strings, but there's a missing space between si and l2. Assuming the correction, this line would concatenate si and l2 with a space and print it. Put 2 to output: This line would print the number 2. and : This line by itself wouldn't print anything.

  Calling the Function Twice:

  If F(sign, horse) is called twice:

  First Call:

  Second Call:

  Total Output:

  Therefore, the total output when F(sign, horse) is called twice would be:

  sign horse 2

  sign horse 2

• Question 20:

  What is one characteristic of an object-oriented language that is not a characteristic of a procedural or functional language?

  A. The language is based on the concept of modular programming and the calling of a subroutine.
  B. The language is optimized for recursive programming.
  C. The language supports decomposing a program into objects that interact with one another.
  D. The language treats programs as evaluating mathematical functions.
  C. The language supports decomposing a program into objects that interact with one another.

  ---

  One of the fundamental characteristics of object-oriented programming (OOP) is the concept of decomposing a program into objects that interact with one another1. This is distinct from procedural and functional programming paradigms, which do not inherently structure programs as a collection of objects. In OOP, objects are instances of classes and contain both data (attributes) and code (methods). These objects encapsulate data and operations and can interact with each other through methods, allowing for concepts such as inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. In contrast, procedural programming is characterized by a focus on procedures or routines to perform tasks, and functional programming treats computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions without side effects or state changes. Neither paradigm organizes code around objects with encapsulated data and methods, which is a defining feature of OOP. References: 1: Differences between Procedural and Object Oriented Programming - GeeksforGeeks 2: Functional vs. Procedural vs. OOP | Scout APM