Scrum Scrum Certifications PSPO-I Questions & Answers

• Question 11:

  Which statement best describes the Sprint Backlog as the output of the Sprint Planning?

  (choose the best answer)

  A. It is a complete list of all work to be done in a Sprint.

  B. Every item has a designated owner.

  C. Each task is estimated in hours.

  D. It is the Developers plan for the Sprint.

  E. It is ordered by the Product Owner.

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation: The Sprint Backlog is the output of the Sprint Planning, where the Developers select the Product Backlog items that they can deliver in the Sprint and create a plan for how to do the work. The Scrum Guide states that "The Sprint Backlog is composed of the Sprint Goal (why), the set of Product Backlog items selected for the Sprint (what), as well as an actionable plan for delivering the Increment (how)."1 The Sprint Backlog is owned and managed by the Developers, who can update it throughout the Sprint as more is learned. The Sprint Backlog makes visible all the work that the Developers identify as necessary to meet the Sprint Goal.1 References:

  1: The Scrum Guide2, page 15

  2: The Scrum Guide

• Question 12:

  Who is responsible for the sizing of Product Backlog items?

  (choose the best answer)

  A. The Product Owner with input from the Developers.

  B. The Scrum Master.

  C. The Developers, alone.

  D. The Developers after clarifying requirements with the Product Owner.

  E. The most senior people in the organization, including architects and subject matter experts.

  Correct Answer: D

  According to Scrum.org, the Developers who will be doing the work are responsible for the sizing of Product Backlog items1. The Product Owner may influence the Developers by helping them understand and select trade-offs1. This implies that the Developers size the items after clarifying requirements with the Product Owner1.

• Question 13:

  Which three of the following are true about Scrum?

  (choose the best three answers)

  A. Scrum implements self-management by replacing Project Managers with Scrum Masters.

  B. Scrum is based on empiricism and lean thinking.

  C. Scrum is a framework for developing and sustaining complex products.

  D. Scrum is a methodology where you can pick and choose which parts of Scrum you think will work for your environment.

  E. Each component of Scrum serves a specific purpose and is essential to Scrum's success and your usage of Scrum to develop complex products.

  Correct Answer: BCE

  The following are true about Scrum:

  Scrum is based on empiricism and lean thinking. Empiricism is the principle of making decisions based on what is observed and experienced, rather than on theory or speculation. Lean thinking is the philosophy of eliminating waste and

  maximizing value in any process or system. Scrum applies these concepts by providing a framework for inspecting and adapting the product and the process, and by focusing on delivering the most valuable features to the customers and

  stakeholders.

  Scrum is a framework for developing and sustaining complex products. A complex product is one that has unpredictable or unknown aspects that require creativity, experimentation, and adaptation to deliver. A framework is a set of minimal

  and essential rules and roles that provide structure and guidance, but leave room for flexibility and innovation. Scrum provides such a framework for teams to collaborate and deliver complex products iteratively and incrementally, while

  embracing change and feedback.

  Each component of Scrum serves a specific purpose and is essential to Scrum's success and your usage of Scrum to develop complex products. Scrum consists of three roles (Product Owner, Scrum Master, Developers), five events (Sprint,

  Sprint Planning, Daily Scrum, Sprint Review, Sprint Retrospective), and three artifacts (Product Backlog, Sprint Backlog, Increment). Each of these components has a clear definition, accountability, and goal that contributes to the overall

  effectiveness and value of Scrum. Removing or changing any of these components may cause the benefits of Scrum to be lost or diminished.

  References:

  Scrum Guide 2020, page 3: "Scrum is founded on empiricism and lean thinking." Scrum Guide 2020, page 3: "Scrum is a lightweight framework that helps people, teams and organizations generate value through adaptive solutions for

  complex problems."

  Scrum Guide 2020, page 4: "Each component within the framework serves a specific purpose and is essential to Scrum's success and usage."

• Question 14:

  A product's success is measured by:

  (choose the best three answers)

  A. The impact on customer satisfaction.

  B. The impact on cost.

  C. The impact on my boss's mood.

  D. The delivery of upfront defined scope compared to the upfront planned time.

  E. The impact on my performance rating.

  F. The impact on revenue.

  Correct Answer: ABF

  A product's success is measured by the impact it has on the customers, the business, and the market. Different products may have different success criteria and metrics, depending on their vision, goals, value proposition, and target

  audience. However, some of the common and important aspects that can indicate a product's success are:

  The other options are not valid or relevant measures of a product's success. They are either too subjective, narrow, or unrelated to the product's value proposition and goals. They are:

  References:

  Product Success: https://www.productplan.com/glossary/product-success/ Customer Satisfaction: https://www.agilealliance.org/glossary/customer- satisfaction/

  Cost: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/cost.asp Revenue: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/revenue.asp

• Question 15:

  Which topics should be discussed in the Sprint Review?

  (choose the best answer)

  A. The Scrum process, and how it was used during the Sprint.

  B. Coding and engineering practices.

  C. The product Increment.

  D. All of the above.

  Correct Answer: C

  The main topic of discussion is the product Increment, which is the sum of all the Product Backlog items completed during a Sprint and the value of the increments of all previous Sprints1. The product Increment is demonstrated and inspected by the attendees, and feedback is collected to inform the next Sprint Planning12. The Sprint Review may also include other topics, such as the Product Backlog, the Product Goal, the market conditions, the budget, and the timeline, but the product Increment is the essential topic1234. The Scrum process, and how it was used during the Sprint, is not a topic for the Sprint Review, but rather for the Sprint Retrospective, which is a separate event where the Scrum Team inspects and adapts its way of working1. Coding and engineering practices are also not relevant for the Sprint Review, as they are internal aspects of the Development Team that do not affect the value of the product Increment1. Therefore, the correct answer is C. The product Increment.

• Question 16:

  As the Developers start work during the Sprint, they realize they have selected too much work to finish in the Sprint. What should they do?

  (choose the best answer)

  A. Find another Scrum Team to give the excess work to.

  B. As soon as possible in the Sprint, work with the Product Owner to remove some work or Product Backlog items.

  C. Inform the Product Owner at the Sprint Review, but prior to the demonstration.

  D. Reduce the Definition of Done and get all of the Product Backlog items done by the new definition.

  Correct Answer: B

  This is the best answer because it respects the Scrum values of openness, commitment, and focus. The Developers should be transparent about their progress and collaborate with the Product Owner to adjust the Sprint scope accordingly.

  The Product Owner is responsible for maximizing the value of the product and the work of the Developers, so he or she should be involved in any decisions that affect the Sprint Goal and the Product Backlog. References:

  Scrum Guide, page 10: "If the work turns out to be different than the Developers expected, they collaborate with the Product Owner to negotiate the scope of Sprint Backlog within the Sprint."

  Scrum Guide, page 11: "The Product Owner is accountable for maximizing the value of the product resulting from the work of the Scrum Team."

• Question 17:

  True or False: During the Sprint Review the stakeholder's role is to reorder the Product Backlog.

  A. True

  B. False

  Correct Answer: B

  During the Sprint Review, the stakeholder's role is not to reorder the Product Backlog, but rather to provide feedback and suggestions on the product and the process. Therefore, the answer is false because:

  The Sprint Review is an informal meeting, not a status meeting, and the presentation of the Increment is intended to elicit feedback and foster collaboration. The stakeholders are invited to attend the Sprint Review as observers, participants,

  or customers, and they can share their opinions, ideas, or requests regarding the product and its features, functionality, quality, value, etc. The ordering of the Product Backlog is the sole responsibility of the Product Owner. They order

  Product Backlog items to best achieve goals and missions. The Product Owner may consider the feedback and suggestions from the stakeholders, as well as other factors such as dependencies, risks, costs, etc., when ordering the Product

  Backlog. However, they are not obliged to follow or implement them. The Product Backlog is not a fixed or final list of requirements, but rather an emergent and dynamic artifact that represents all the possible changes to the product. The

  Product Owner is accountable for effective Product Backlog management, which includes refining, communicating, and optimizing the Product Backlog items. The Product Owner may update the Product Backlog at any time, not only during

  the Sprint Review.

  References:

  Scrum Guide 2020, page 11: "The ordering of the items in the Product Backlog is the sole responsibility of the Product Owner."

  Scrum Guide 2020, page 11: "The Product Owner is accountable for effective Product Backlog management, which includes ... ordering Product Backlog items; and ensuring that the Product Backlog is transparent, visible and understood."

  Scrum Guide 2020, page 15: "The Sprint Review is an informal meeting, not a status meeting, and the presentation of the Increment is intended to elicit feedback and foster collaboration."

• Question 18:

  True or False: A Scrum Master fulfills the same role as a traditional Project Manager.

  A. True

  B. False

  Correct Answer: B

  A Scrum Master does not fulfill the same role as a traditional Project Manager. A Project Manager is typically responsible for planning, executing, monitoring, controlling, and closing a project, as well as managing the scope, schedule, budget,

  quality, risks, and stakeholders of the project1. A Scrum Master is a servant-leader for the Scrum Team, who helps the team understand and enact Scrum values, principles, and practices, and removes impediments to the team's progress2. A

  Scrum Master does not manage the project, the scope, the schedule, the budget, or the team, as these are either shared responsibilities or emergent outcomes of the Scrum framework[3][3]. A Scrum Master also does not have authority over

  the team or the stakeholders, but rather facilitates collaboration and empowerment among them4.

  References:

  1: What is Project Management?, Project Management Institute, accessed on December 16, 2023

  2: The Scrum Guide, November 2020, p. 7 [3][3]: Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework, Scrum.org, accessed on December 16, 2023

  4: Developing People and Teams, Scrum.org, accessed on December 16, 2023

• Question 19:

  True or False: Every Scrum Team must have a Product Owner and Scrum Master.

  A. False. A Scrum Master is only required when asked for by the Scrum Team.

  B. True. Each must be 100% dedicated to the Scrum Team.

  C. False. A Product Owner can be replaced by a subject matter expert in the Scrum Team.

  D. True. Outcomes are affected by their participation and availability.

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation: The Product Owner and the Scrum Master are essential roles in the Scrum Team. They have distinct accountabilities and responsibilities that contribute to the success of the product and the team. The Product Owner is responsible for maximizing the value of the product and the work of the Developers. The Scrum Master is responsible for promoting and supporting Scrum and the Scrum Team. Both roles need to be fully engaged and available to the Scrum Team throughout the Sprint.

• Question 20:

  True or False: Product Owners must create clear and unambiguous acceptance criteria for each Product Backlog item before it may be selected in Sprint Planning.

  A. True

  B. False

  Correct Answer: B

  It is not true that a Product Owner must create clear and unambiguous acceptance criteria for each Product Backlog item before it may be selected in Sprint Planning. This is because:

  Acceptance criteria are a set of conditions that a Product Backlog item must satisfy to be accepted by the Product Owner or the stakeholders. They are used to verify that the item meets the expected quality and value standards. Acceptance

  criteria are not mandatory or prescribed in Scrum. They are one of the possible techniques that a Product Owner may use to communicate their expectations and requirements to the Developers and the stakeholders. They are not part of the

  Scrum Guide or the Definition of Done. Acceptance criteria do not need to be created before Sprint Planning. They can be created or refined at any time during the product development process, as long as they are clear and agreed upon

  before the item is considered complete. They can also be changed or updated based on feedback or new insights. The only requirement for a Product Backlog item to be selected in Sprint Planning is that it is sufficiently clear and ready for

  selection. This means that it has enough detail and precision for the Developers to understand what they are supposed to build and why. It also means that it has been refined and ordered by the Product Owner based on value and impact.

  References:

  [Scrum Guide], page 14, section "Sprint Planning" [Scrum Guide], page 12, section "Product Backlog Refinement" [Professional Scrum Product OwnerTM Training], page 7, section "Product Backlog Management"