Scrum Scrum Certifications PSPO-I Questions & Answers

• Question 151:

  A Sprint Retrospective should be held:

  (choose the best answer)

  A. Only when the Scrum Team determines it needs one.

  B. At the end of the last Sprint in a project or a release.

  C. At the end of each Sprint.

  D. At the beginning of each Sprint.

  Correct Answer: C

  The Sprint Retrospective is a time-boxed event for the Scrum Team to inspect how the last Sprint went and plan for improvements in the next Sprint. The Scrum Guide states that "The Sprint Retrospective concludes the Sprint. It is timeboxed to a maximum of three hours for a one-month Sprint. For shorter Sprints, the event is usually shorter."1 This means that the Sprint Retrospective should be held at the end of each Sprint, regardless of the project or release status. The Sprint Retrospective is an opportunity for the Scrum Team to inspect itself and create a plan for improvements, including to product quality and working relationships.1 References:

  1: The Scrum Guide2, page 16

  2: The Scrum Guide

• Question 152:

  In order to maximize the value of the product, a Product Owner needs awareness of the following: (choose the best answer)

  A. Competitive research.

  B. Customer feedback.

  C. Product vision.

  D. Forecasting and feasibility.

  E. All of the above.

  F. None of the above.

  Correct Answer: E

  In order to maximize the value of the product, a Product Owner needs awareness of the following:

  Competitive research. The Product Owner should be aware of the competitive landscape and the market trends that affect the product. They should know who are the competitors, what are their strengths and weaknesses, how do they

  differentiate themselves, and what are their strategies and goals. This can help the Product Owner to identify opportunities, threats, and gaps in the market, and to position the product accordingly.

  Customer feedback. The Product Owner should be aware of the customer needs, preferences, expectations, and satisfaction with the product. They should collect and analyze feedback from various sources, such as surveys, interviews,

  reviews, analytics, etc. This can help the Product Owner to validate assumptions, test hypotheses, measure outcomes, and discover insights that can inform the product decisions and priorities.

  Product vision. The Product Owner should be aware of the product vision, which is a clear and compelling statement of the desired future state of the product. The product vision describes the purpose, value proposition, target audience, and

  key features of the product. It also aligns with the organizational vision and mission. This can help the Product Owner to communicate and inspire the stakeholders, to guide and focus the Scrum Team, and to evaluate and adjust the product

  direction. Forecasting and feasibility. The Product Owner should be aware of the forecasting and feasibility of the product. They should estimate and plan the scope, time, cost, quality, and risk of delivering the product. They should also assess

  the technical, operational, legal, ethical, and social feasibility of developing and releasing the product. This can help the Product Owner to optimize the value of the work of the Scrum Team, to manage expectations and dependencies, and to

  handle uncertainties and changes.

  References:

  Scrum Guide 2020, page 6: "The Product Owner is accountable for maximizing the value of the product resulting from the work of the Scrum Team." Scrum Guide 2020, page 11: "The Product Goal describes a future state of the product

  which can serve as a target for the Scrum Team to plan against." Scrum Guide 2020, page 11: "The Product Owner is accountable for effective Product Backlog management, which includes ... optimizing the value of the work the Scrum

  Team performs."

• Question 153:

  Which outcome is expected as a Scrum Team matures?

  (choose the best answer)

  A. The Sprint Retrospectives will grow to be longer than 4 hours.

  B. They will improve their Definition of Done to include more stringent criteria.

  C. A Scrum Master is no longer needed since they are a mature team now.

  D. There will be no need for a timeboxed Sprint.

  E. Sprint Reviews will no longer be needed.

  Correct Answer: B

  A mature Scrum Team is expected to continuously improve their quality standards and deliver potentially releasable Increments of value that meet the Definition of Done12. The Definition of Done is a shared understanding of what it means to complete a Product Backlog item, and it may vary from one Scrum Team to another3. As the Scrum Team matures, they may expand their Definition of Done to include more rigorous criteria, such as higher levels of testing, documentation, performance, security, usability, etc . This way, they ensure that their product Increment is always ready for release and meets the expectations of the stakeholders and customers12.

• Question 154:

  Who creates the Definition of Done?

  (choose the best answer)

  A. The Scrum Master

  B. The Scrum Team

  C. The Product Owner

  D. The Developers

  Correct Answer: B

  The Definition of Done is a formal description of the state of the Increment when it meets the quality measures required for the product. The Definition of Done is created by the Scrum Team, not just the Developers. The Scrum Team must have a shared understanding of what it means for work to be complete, to ensure transparency. The Definition of Done is used to assess when work is complete on the product Increment. The Definition of Done may vary significantly per Scrum Team, depending on the context. The Definition of Done evolves over time and is updated whenever the Scrum Team learns more about the product and the environment in which it operates. References: The Scrum Guide Understanding and Applying the Scrum Framework Professional Scrum Product OwnerTM I Certification

• Question 155:

  The Product Owner is the person who will be held accountable if a product does not achieve its goals or deliver value. Does this mean that the Product Owner has the final say over the Definition of Done?

  (choose the best answer)

  A. Yes, the Product Owner decides the Definition of Done. The Developers may be consulted.

  B. No, the Scrum Team decides the Definition of Done, if it is not a standard of the organization. The Product Owner is just one member of the Scrum Team.

  Correct Answer: B

  The Definition of Done is a formal description of the state of the Increment when it meets the quality measures required for the product. The Definition of Done is used to assess when work is complete on the product Increment. The Definition of Done is defined by the Scrum Team, not by the Product Owner alone. The Scrum Team consists of one Product Owner, one Scrum Master, and Developers. They are all accountable for creating a valuable, useful, and potentially releasable product Increment each Sprint. The Product Owner is accountable for maximizing the value of the product resulting from the work of the Scrum Team. The Product Owner is responsible for managing and refining the Product Backlog, collaborating with the stakeholders and the Developers, and ordering the items in a way that best achieves goals and missions. The Product Owner represents the interests of everyone with a stake in the product and ensures that the Scrum Team works on the right things at the right time. The Developers are accountable for creating a "Done" Increment that meets the Definition of Done each Sprint. The Developers are responsible for planning and executing the Sprint Backlog, designing and building the product functionality, testing and improving the product quality, and delivering a potentially releasable Increment. The Developers work closely with the Product Owner to understand and clarify the Product Backlog items, provide feedback and estimates, and suggest improvements and innovations. The Scrum Master is accountable for establishing Scrum as defined in the Scrum Guide. The Scrum Master is responsible for promoting and supporting Scrum as defined in the Scrum Guide. The Scrum Master does this by helping everyone understand Scrum theory and practice, both within the Scrum Team and the organization. The Definition of Done may vary from one Scrum Team to another, depending on the context and domain of work. However, it must be consistent within one team. If there are multiple Scrum Teams working on one product, they must share a common Definition of Done. If there is an organizational standard for a Definition of Done, all Scrum Teams must follow it as a minimum. References: Scrum Guide: https://www.scrumguides.org/scrum-guide.html Definition of Done: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-definition-of-done Product Owner: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-product-owner Developers: https:// www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-developer-in-scrum Scrum Master: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-scrum-master

• Question 156:

  Which metrics will help a Product Owner determine if a product is delivering value?

  (choose the best two answers)

  A. Customer satisfaction.

  B. Productivity.

  C. Velocity.

  D. Time to market.

  E. Percentage of scope implemented.

  Correct Answer: AD

  The metrics that will help a Product Owner determine if a product is delivering value are customer satisfaction and time to market. This is because:

  Customer satisfaction is a measure of how well the product meets the needs and expectations of the customers5. It reflects the value proposition of the product and the feedback from the users.

  Time to market is a measure of how quickly the product can be delivered to the market. It reflects the agility and responsiveness of the Scrum Team and the ability to deliver value early and often.

  Other metrics, such as productivity, velocity, and percentage of scope implemented, are not directly related to value delivery. They may indicate how efficiently or effectively the Scrum Team is working, but they do not necessarily reflect how

  valuable or desirable the product is for the customers or stakeholders.

  References:

  Professional Scrum Product OwnerTM Training, page 5, section "Product Value" Professional Scrum Product OwnerTM Training, page 6, section "Product Vision" Professional Scrum Product OwnerTM Training, page 7, section "Product

  Backlog Management"

  Professional Scrum Product OwnerTM Training, page 8, section "Release Management"

  Professional Scrum Product OwnerTM Training, page 9, section "Business Strategy"

  Professional Scrum Product OwnerTM Training, page 10, section "Stakeholders and Customers"

• Question 157:

  What is the purpose of a Sprint Review?

  (choose the best answer)

  A. To build team spirit.

  B. To take time to judge the validity of the project.

  C. To inspect the product Increment with the stakeholders and collect feedback on next steps.

  D. To review the Scrum Team's activities and processes during the Sprint.

  Correct Answer: C

  The Sprint Review is an event that occurs at the end of each Sprint, where the Scrum Team and the stakeholders inspect the Increment and adapt the Product Backlog if needed. The Sprint Review is an opportunity for the Product Owner to validate that the Increment meets their expectations and delivers value to the customers and users. The Sprint Review is also an opportunity for the Developers to demonstrate their work and receive feedback from the Product Owner and the stakeholders. The purpose of a Sprint Review is to inspect the product Increment with the stakeholders and collect feedback on next steps. The Sprint Review is a collaborative and interactive session where the Scrum Team and the stakeholders discuss what was done in the Sprint, what problems were encountered, what was learned, and what can be improved or changed. The Sprint Review also provides input for updating the Product Backlog to maximize value in future Sprints. The other options are not valid or relevant purposes of a Sprint Review. They are either too vague, unrelated, or incorrect. They are: References: Scrum Guide: https://www.scrumguides.org/scrum-guide.html Sprint Review: https://www.scrum.org/resources/what-is-a-sprint-review

• Question 158:

  Every Scrum Team should have:

  (choose the best answer)

  A. One Lead Developer and no more than 8 other members.

  B. The competencies and skills needed to deliver an Increment in a Sprint.

  C. At least one representative from each major department, such as, Quality Assurance, Development, and Marketing.

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation: A Scrum Team is a cross-functional, self-managing team that has all the necessary competencies and skills to deliver a potentially releasable Increment of value at the end of each Sprint. The Scrum Team consists of one Scrum

  Master, one Product Owner, and Developers. The Scrum Team does not rely on external roles or hierarchies to complete their work. (Must be taken from Professional Scrum Product OwnerTM (PSPO I) resources)

  References:

  Professional Scrum Product OwnerTM I Certification Professional Scrum Product OwnerTM Training

• Question 159:

  What are two effective ways for a Scrum Team to ensure security concerns are satisfied? (choose the best two answers)

  A. Add security concerns to the Definition of Done.

  B. Delegate the work to the security department.

  C. Have the Scrum Team create Product Backlog items for each concern.

  D. Add a Sprint to specifically resolve all security concerns.

  E. Postpone the work until a specialist can perform a security audit and create a list of security-related Product Backlog items.

  Correct Answer: AC

  These are the best answers because they ensure that security concerns are addressed in a transparent and consistent way. By adding security criteria to the Definition of Done, the Scrum Team can make sure that every Increment meets a

  high standard of quality and security. By creating Product Backlog items for specific security concerns, the Scrum Team can prioritize and plan them in collaboration with the Product Owner and stakeholders.

  References:

  Scrum Guide, page 14: "The Definition of Done is a formal description of the state of the Increment when it meets the quality measures required for the product." Scrum Guide, page 15: "The Product Backlog is an emergent, ordered list of

  what is needed to improve the product."

• Question 160:

  How much time is required after a Sprint to prepare for the next Sprint?

  (choose the best answer)

  A. The break between Sprints is timeboxed to one-week for a one-month Sprint, and usually less for shorter Sprints.

  B. Enough time for the requirements for the next Sprint to be determined and documented.

  C. Enough time for the Developers to finish the testing from the last Sprint.

  D. None. A new Sprint starts immediately following the end of the previous Sprint.

  E. All of the above are allowed depending on the situation.

  Correct Answer: D

  The Scrum Guide states that "Sprints have consistent durations throughout a development effort. A new Sprint starts immediately after the conclusion of the previous Sprint."1 This means that there is no gap or break between Sprints, and the

  Scrum Team does not need to spend extra time to prepare for the next Sprint. The Scrum Team should be able to start the next Sprint Planning right after the Sprint Review and Sprint Retrospective of the previous Sprint. The Scrum Team

  should also ensure that the testing and documentation of the work are done within the Sprint, and not left for later.

  References:

  1: The Scrum Guide2, page 9

  2: The Scrum Guide