Test Prep Test Prep Certifications NCE Questions & Answers

• Question 61:

  Talking about difficulties to purge them is a curative process known as:

  A. Catharsis

  B. Problem solving

  C. Release

  D. Sounding off

  Correct Answer: A

  While Aristotle was the first to describe catharsis, it was the psychoanalyst Josef Breuer who first used it as a technique. He found that while recalling traumatic experiences under hypnosis, his clients experienced relief after expressing the repressed emotions.

• Question 62:

  Who developed the technique of paradoxical intention?

  A. Wolpe

  B. Super

  C. Frankl

  D. Jung

  Correct Answer: C

  Victor Frankl developed the technique of paradoxical intention and used it with clients who had severe anxiety. Systematic desensitization is a behavioral therapy technique developed by Wolpe to help clients overcome phobias.

• Question 63:

  What type of partial reinforcement produces the best response to stimuli?

  A. Fixed-ratio Schedules

  B. Variable-ratio Schedules

  C. Fixed-interval Schedules

  D. Variable-Interval Schedules

  Correct Answer: B

  A variable ratio schedule is when a reward occurs after an unpredictable amount of responses and typically provides a high rate of response. A fixed ratio schedule occurs when a response is reinforced after a set number of responses. Fixed interval schedules reinforce the response only after a certain amount of time has passed. Variable interval schedules reinforce the response after an unpredictable amount of time has gone by.

• Question 64:

  If someone is thinking about committing suicide, asking them whether they are thinking about suicide will not cause them to commit suicide.

  A. True

  B. False

  Correct Answer: A

  Research shows that talking about suicide does not increase the likelihood of someone committing suicide. Talking about suicide and educating people about it can be one of the most effective ways of preventing it from happening.

• Question 65:

  You are using the ABC model of cognitive therapy. Which model are you trying to promote in your clients after a negative event?

  A. Negative Event leads to irrational belief leads to positive thought

  B. Negative Event leads to rational belief leads to healthy negative thought

  C. Negative Event leads to irrational belief leads to unhealthy negative thought

  D. None of the above

  Correct Answer: B

  Albert Ellis developed the ABC model to help replace unhealthy, irrational beliefs with rational ones following a negative event.

• Question 66:

  Carl Jung's Theory of Archetypes is still very influential, and several of them are listed below. Choose the one that is not correct.

  A. The Shadow

  B. The Hero

  C. The Wise Old Woman

  D. The Self-Made Person

  Correct Answer: D

  The Shadow represents sex and life instincts and consists of repressed ideas and desires. The Hero represents a champion defender. The Wise Old Woman is helpful and a symbol of female nature.

• Question 67:

  A dog is trained to salivate at the ringing of a bell. What form of conditioning is this?

  A. Classical Conditioning

  B. Operant Conditioning

  C. Reinforcement Conditioning

  D. None of the above

  Correct Answer: A

  Classical conditioning occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired. In this case, the two stimuli were the

  ringing of the bell and the treat. Operant conditioning occurs when there are rewards and punishments

  associated with learning.

  Reinforcement is a term associated with operant conditioning.

• Question 68:

  Which of the following interventions is not commonly used in Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)?

  A. Discussion of patterns in a client's relationships

  B. A detailed past history of the client

  C. Exploration of the therapist/client relationship

  D. The ABC Model

  Correct Answer: D

  Interpersonal Therapy is a short term, solution focused treatment mainly for clients who have depression. The ABC Model is a cognitive behavioral therapy technique developed by Albert Ellis to use when clients hold irrational beliefs.

• Question 69:

  A counselor intensifies a client's emotional state to show the client the irrationality of her emotional reaction. What is this technique known as?

  A. Paradoxical intention

  B. Transactional-Analysis

  C. Systematic Desensitization D. Reconfiguration

  Correct Answer: A

  Victor Frankl developed the technique of Paradoxical intention and used it with clients who had severe anxiety. Transactional-Analysis is used by psychoanalysts to help clients determine their ego states in order to understand behavior. For behavior change, therapists help clients alter the state of their ego (parent, child, or adult-like). Systematic Desensitization is a behavioral therapy technique developed by Wolpe to help clients overcome phobias.

• Question 70:

  When a client becomes aware of a factor in his or her life which they were previously unaware, counselors refer to it as:

  A. Aha! moment

  B. deeper understanding

  C. insight

  D. Both a and c

  Correct Answer: D

  Graham Wallace described the four stages of insight: preparation, incubation, flash of illumination, and verification. The term 'Aha! Moment' is also used to describe insights when things suddenly become clearer.