Test Prep NCE Online Practice Questions and Exam Preparation

Test Prep NCE Online Questions & Answers

• Question 51:

  Joannie is a part of a research experiment monitoring energy level and depression. She becomes pregnant and tells you that she has been very fatigued. Her tiredness is:

  A. A dependent variable
  B. An intervening variable
  C. A correlate
  D. All of the above
  B. An intervening variable

  ---

  Intervening variables are variables that may alter the outcome of a research experiment. They are difficult to control for. Other examples include motivation and boredom.

• Question 52:

  Which test measures key personality factors?

  A. WISC
  B. WAIS
  C. MBTI
  D. 16PF
  D. 16PF

  ---

  The 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) is a self-report personality test developed using several decades worth of empirical research. Cattell and his associates set to measure the following personality factors: warmth, intellect, emotional stability, aggressiveness, liveliness, dutifulness, social assertiveness, sensitivity, paranoia, abstractedness, introversion, anxiety, open mindedness, independence, perfectionism, tension. The Myers Briggs Type Inventory is a self-report personality inventory which indicates how people perceive the world and make decisions. The WISC and the WAIS are tests designed to measure cognitive intelligence.

• Question 53:

  According to Piaget's stages of moral judgment, a child younger than age ten will think which of the following is worse?

  A. Someone who was trying to help his mother set the table and broke five dishes.
  B. Someone who was stealing a cookie from the cookie jar when he wasn't allowed, and knocked over a cup that broke.
  C. Someone who did not control the dog who jumped up on the table and pulled down a glass full of water, which broke.
  D. Someone who accidentally dropped a dinner knife which could have hurt someone if they would have stepped on it.
  A. Someone who was trying to help his mother set the table and broke five dishes.

  ---

  Piaget saw moral judgment broken into two age brackets: below and above age ten. Those under age ten tended to judge wrong-doings by the amount of damage caused rather than the intention behind the act. Hence, even though the person in answer A had the best intentions, he broke more dishes and, therefore, is seen as more wrong. Since the person stealing only knocked over one cup, it is not viewed as bad as breaking five dishes.

• Question 54:

  Which theorist believed in the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?

  A. Piaget
  B. Kohlberg
  C. Vygotsky
  D. Erickson
  C. Vygotsky

  ---

  Vygotsky believed the potential for cognitive development depended upon the ZPD, which was a level of development attained when children engage in social interactions. When the social interaction is guided by an adult or collaborated with peers, the ZPD exceeds what one could achieve individually. Kohlberg is known for his work with moral development; Piaget is known for his theory of cognitive development in children; and Erickson for his eight stages of psychosocial development.

• Question 55:

  What are the three levels of social groups?

  A. Primary, secondary, and tertiary
  B. High, medium, and low
  C. First, second, and third
  D. Small, medium, and large
  A. Primary, secondary, and tertiary

  ---

  Charles Cooley first described social groups. Primary social groups share close, personal, and enduring relationships. Secondary groups are larger than primary groups and relationships are goal oriented, impersonal, and may be temporary. Tertiary groups are sometimes called reference groups and are any group which shapes one's attitude and behavior.

• Question 56:

  John Bowlby is associated with:

  A. career guidance
  B. attachment and bonding
  C. psychodrama
  D. holistic counseling
  B. attachment and bonding

  ---

  Bowlby's work was the beginning of Attachment Theory which describes how the parent-sibling bond/attachment later influences how a person develops. Parsons, Holland, Bandura, and Super are associated with career guidance. Moreno founded psychodrama, also known as the first type of group therapy.

• Question 57:

  A counselor sets her monthly fees for consulation on a job-by-job basis. Which of the following reinforcement schedules is this an example of?

  A. variable ratio
  B. fixed ratio
  C. fixed interval
  D. variable interval
  A. variable ratio

  ---

  A variable ratio schedule is when a reward occurs after an unpredictable amount of responses and typically provides a high rate of response. The counselor's rate is unpredictable from one job to the next. A fixed ratio schedule occurs when a response is reinforced after a set number of responses. Fixed interval schedules reinforce the response only after a certain amount of time has passed. Variable interval schedules reinforce the response after an unpredictable amount of time has gone by.

• Question 58:

  The difference between open and closed groups is:

  A. In an open group, confidentiality is valued less than in a closed group.
  B. Group members are allowed to drop out of an open group, but not a closed group.
  C. Group members need to be screened for closed groups, but not for open groups.
  D. No new members can join a closed group, whereas new members can join an open group at any time once they've been screened.
  D. No new members can join a closed group, whereas new members can join an open group at any time once they've been screened.

  ---

  In closed groups, the group typically ends with the same members it began with. New members are not allowed to join a closed group once the sessions have started, but members are allowed to drop out at any time. Counselors need to screen members for both open and closed groups. In open groups, new members can join in at any time once they've been screened. Regardless of the type of group, confidentiality is always an important aspect so that group members can trust one another and the counselor.

• Question 59:

  Which is true about Freud's idea of the preconscious mind:

  A. It contains only hidden or forgotten memories.
  B. It contain only what is happening in the present.
  C. It's our mind's state before we're born.
  D. It contains both hidden memories and what is happening.
  D. It contains both hidden memories and what is happening.

  ---

  The pre-conscious mind contains elements from both the unconscious and the conscious minds. The unconscious mind contains hidden or forgotten memories and the conscious mind contains what is happening in the present.

• Question 60:

  Which type of memory retrieval requires a person to reconstruct a memory?

  A. Recall
  B. Recollection
  C. Recognition
  D. Relearning
  B. Recollection

  ---

  Memories are stored in the brain's hippocampus and recollection occurs when a person needs to reconstruct a memory. Each time a person reminisces about an experience, that memory is strengthened. Recall designates that specific details be retrieved through memory. Recognition is the ability to recognize previously encountered people, events, or objects.