ISTQB ISTQB-CTFL Online Practice Questions and Exam Preparation

ISTQB ISTQB-CTFL Online Questions & Answers

• Question 71:

  You are a test manager responsible for implementing risk-based testing in your organization which deals with software in the healthcare domain. You are writing a handbook of various product risk mitigation options. Which ONE of the following options correctly represent the correct mitigation options?

  A. Using a third party testing company to transfer the risk to that company
  B. Choosing a tool for automated unit testing to reduce the risks
  C. Increasing the number of testers to be able to take care of all the risks
  D. Selecting a tester with required knowledge related to compliance and standards
  D. Selecting a tester with required knowledge related to compliance and standards

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  Explanation

• Question 72:

  During which review process activity are the exit criteria for an inspection defined?

  A. Review Initiation
  B. Planning
  C. Communication and analysis
  D. Fixing and reporting
  B. Planning

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  Explanation

• Question 73:

  Which of the following is a possible reason for introducing a defect in software code?

  A. Rushing to meet a tight deadline to turn code over for testing
  B. Improper unit testing
  C. Improper system testing
  D. Focus on static testing over dynamic testing
  A. Rushing to meet a tight deadline to turn code over for testing

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  Explanation

  The ISTQB CTFL syllabus identifies several causes for defects in software. One prominent reason, as highlighted in the curriculum, is the pressure and rush to meet tight deadlines, which can lead to insufficiently reviewed or tested code being moved into further stages of testing or production. This scenario describes rushing to meet a deadline as a potential cause for defects because it may compromise the thoroughness of code development and testing.

  References:ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Section 1.4.1 "Why is Testing Necessary?".

• Question 74:

  Following a risk-based testing approach you have designed 10 tests to cover a product risk with a high-risk level. You want to estimate, adopting the three-point test estimation technique, the test effort required to reduce the risk level to zero by executing those 10 tests. You made the following three initial estimates:

  1.most optimistic = 6 person hours

  2.most likely = 30 person hours

  3.most pessimistic = 54 person hours

  Based only on the given information, which of the following answers about the three-point test estimation technique applied to this problem is true?

  A. The final estimate is between 22 person hours and 38 person hours
  B. The final estimate is exactly 30 person hours because the technique uses the initial most likely estimate as the final estimate
  C. The final estimate is between 6 person hours and 54 person hours
  D. The final estimate is exactly 30 person hours because the technique uses the arithmetic mean of the three initial estimates as the final estimate
  A. The final estimate is between 22 person hours and 38 person hours

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  Explanation

  The three-point test estimation technique is a method of estimating the test effort based on three initial estimates: the most optimistic, the most likely, and the most pessimistic. The technique uses a weighted average of these three estimates

  to calculate the final estimate, which is also known as the expected value. The formula for the expected value is:

  Expected value = (most optimistic + 4 * most likely + most pessimistic) / 6

  Using the given values, the expected value is:

  Expected value = (6 + 4 * 30 + 54) / 6 Expected value = 30 person hours

  However, the expected value is not the only factor to consider when estimating the test effort. The technique also calculates the standard deviation, which is a measure of the variability or uncertainty of the estimates.

  The formula for the standard deviation is:

  Standard deviation = (most pessimistic - most optimistic) / 6

  Using the given values, the standard deviation is:

  Standard deviation = (54 - 6) / 6 Standard deviation = 8 person hours

  The standard deviation can be used to determine a range of possible values for the test effort, based on a certain level of confidence. For example, using a 68% confidence level, the range is:

  Expected value ?standard deviation

  Using the calculated values, the range is: 30 ?8 person hours

  Therefore, the final estimate is between 22 person hours and 38 person hours, which is option A. ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.01, Section 2.3.2, page 24-25; ISTQB Glossary v4.02, page 33.

• Question 75:

  Which of the following is a CORRECT statement about how a tester should communicate about defects, test results, and other test information?

  A. Testers should include personal opinions and judgements in defect reports and review findings
  B. Testers should emphasize the benefits of testing, such as increased quality and reduced risk
  C. Testers should reject all questions about their test findings and information
  D. Testers should take a command-and-control approach with the project team
  B. Testers should emphasize the benefits of testing, such as increased quality and reduced risk

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  Explanation

  Communication from testers about defects, test results, and other test information should emphasize the benefits of testing such as increased quality and reduced risk. This positive framing helps in reinforcing the value of testing and ensuring stakeholders understand the contribution of testing to the overall project success (ISTQB not-for-profit association).

  References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0: https://istqb-main-web-prod.s3.amazonaws.com /media/documents/ISTQB_CTFL_Syllabus-v4.0.pdf

• Question 76:

  Which of the following statements about the test pyramid is TRUE?

  A. Each layer of the test pyramid groups tests related to a single non-functional quality charactenstic.
  B. The higher the layer of the test pyramid, the more production code a single automated test within the layer tends to cover
  C. The higher the layer of the test pyramid, the more maintainable a single automated test within the layer tends to be
  D. The higher the layer of the test pyramid, the more isolated a single automated test within the layer tends to be.
  B. The higher the layer of the test pyramid, the more production code a single automated test within the layer tends to cover

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  Explanation

  The test pyramid concept suggests that there should be more low-level tests (unit tests) and fewer high-level tests (end-to-end tests). As we move higher up the pyramid (e.g., from unit tests to integration tests to end-to-end tests), each test

  covers more production code.

  Higher-level tests (like end-to-end) validate larger parts of the application, including multiple units and their interactions.

  This aligns with the principle that higher-level tests provide broader coverage but are fewer in number and more expensive to run and maintain.

  ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Chapter 5.1.6, Test Pyramid.

• Question 77:

  Which ONE of the following options CANNOT be subjected to static analysis?

  A. COTS (Commercial off-the-shelf)
  B. Source code
  C. BPMN (Business Process Modeling and Notation) models
  D. UML (Unified Modeling Language) models
  A. COTS (Commercial off-the-shelf)

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  Explanation

  Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

  Static analysis requires access to work products like source code, models, or documentation , making it impossible to analyze Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software (A) because its source code is typically unavailable. Static analysis is applicable to source code (B), BPMN models (C), and UML diagrams (D).

  ISTQB CTFL v4.0 Syllabus, Section 3.1.1 Static Analysis

• Question 78:

  Which of the following statements does NOT describe good testing practice, regardless of the SDLC chosen?

  A. All development activities are subject to quality control.
  B. To avoid redundancy, different test levels have specific test objectives.
  C. To adhere to the principle of early testing, test analysis for a specific test level takes place during the corresponding phase of the SDLC.
  D. Testers are involved in the review of work results as soon as the documents have been approved by the stakeholders.
  D. Testers are involved in the review of work results as soon as the documents have been approved by the stakeholders.

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  Explanation

• Question 79:

  Which of the statements correctly describes when a whole team approach may NOT be suitable?

  A. When a high level of test independence may be required.
  B. When acceptance tests need to be created.
  C. When a test automation approach needs to be determined.
  D. When the team dynamics need to be improved.
  A. When a high level of test independence may be required.

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  Explanation

  The whole team approach involves collaboration among all team members, including testers, developers, and business representatives, to achieve quality goals. However, this approach may not be suitable in situations where a high level of test independence is required. Test independence is essential in cases where unbiased testing is critical, such as in regulated environments or where high-risk systems are involved. This is because team members might unintentionally influence each other's work, leading to potential bias in testing outcomes.

• Question 80:

  Which ONE of the following statements is correct?

  A. Static analysis can be used against a work product containing unstructured artifacts
  B. Difficult to interpret work products are best tested using static analysis.
  C. There may be legal issues in performing static testing on a commercially available executable library.
  D. Test cases can be tested using static testing techniques but not the models
  B. Difficult to interpret work products are best tested using static analysis.

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  Explanation