ISTQB ISTQB-CTFL Online Practice Questions and Exam Preparation

ISTQB ISTQB-CTFL Online Questions & Answers

• Question 231:

  Which of the following statements about independent testing is WRONG?

  A. Independent testing is necessary because developers don't know any testing.
  B. Independent testing is best suited for the system test level.
  C. A certain degree of independence makes the tester more effective at finding defects.
  D. Independent test teams may find other types of detects than developers who are familiar with the system's structure.
  A. Independent testing is necessary because developers don't know any testing.

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  Explanation

  Independent testing is testing performed by a person or group that is independent of the development team. Independent testing can have various degrees of independence, ranging from testers who are part of the same organization as developers to testers who are external contractors or consultants. Independent testing can have various benefits, such as reducing bias, increasing objectivity, improving quality, or providing different perspectives. Independent testing is not necessary because developers don't know any testing, as this is a wrong and disrespectful statement. Developers can perform various types of testing, such as unit testing, component testing, or integration testing. However, independent testing can complement developer testing by providing additional levels of verification and validation, such as system testing, acceptance testing, or non- functional testing. Verified

  References: [A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer], Chapter 2, page 16-17.

• Question 232:

  A requirement specifies that if the total amount of sales (TAS) made during the year by a corporate seller is 300,000 or more, the bonus that must be paid to the seller is 100% of a certain amount agreed upon at the beginning of the year. The software contains a fault as it implements this requirement with the decision "IF (TAS = 300,000)" instead of "IF (TAS >= 300.000)". The application of the 3-value boundary value analysis to this problem consists of the following three test cases (TAS is an integer variable):

  TC1 = 299,999 TC2=300,000 TC=300,001

  Which of the following statements is TRUE?

  A. TC1 would highlight the fault
  B. TC2 would highlight the fault
  C. TC3 would highlight the fault
  D. None of the three test cases would highlight the fault.
  B. TC2 would highlight the fault

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  Explanation

  The requirement specifies that a bonus should be paid if the total amount of sales (TAS) made during the year is 300,000 or more. The software incorrectly implements this requirement with "IF (TAS = 300,000)" instead of "IF (TAS >= 300,000)". Using boundary value analysis (BVA), which is a common technique in software testing, the three test cases provided (TC1 = 299,999, TC2 = 300,000, and TC3 = 300,001) cover the critical boundary values around the condition.

  TC1 tests just below the boundary (299,999), TC2 tests exactly at the boundary (300,000), TC3 tests just above the boundary (300,001).

  Since the software incorrectly checks for TAS equal to 300,000, only TC2 will fail because the condition is exactly met and highlights the incorrect implementation of the decision logic.

  ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Chapter 4.2.2, Boundary Value Analysis (BVA).

• Question 233:

  Which of the following statements regarding the impact of the chosen software development lifecycle model on testing is true?

  A. The chosen software development lifecycle model has no impact on the number of regression test cases.
  B. The chosen software development lifecycle model influences when testing activities should start and end.
  C. The chosen software development lifecycle model determines the type of tests to be performed.
  D. The chosen software development lifecycle model does not affect the scope of the non-functional tests and the test tools to be used.
  B. The chosen software development lifecycle model influences when testing activities should start and end.

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  Explanation

• Question 234:

  Test automation allows you to:

  A. demonstrate the absence of defects
  B. produce tests that are less subject to human errors
  C. avoid performing exploratory testing
  D. increase test process efficiency by facilitating management of defects
  B. produce tests that are less subject to human errors

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  Explanation

  Test automation allows you to produce tests that are less subject to human errors, as they can execute predefined test scripts or test cases with consistent inputs, outputs, and expected results. Test automation can also reduce the manual

  effort and time required to execute repetitive or tedious tests, such as regression tests, performance tests, or data-driven tests. Test automation does not demonstrate the absence of defects, as it can only verify the expected behavior of the

  system under test, not the unexpected or unknown behavior. Test automation does not avoid performing exploratory testing, as exploratory testing is a valuable technique to discover new information, risks, or defects that are not covered by

  automated tests. Test automation does not increase test process efficiency by facilitating management of defects, as defect management is a separate activity that involves reporting, tracking, analyzing, and resolving defects, which may or

  may not be related to automated tests.

  References:

  ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:

  ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 3.3.1, Test Automation1

  ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Test Automation2

• Question 235:

  Which of the following statements about retrospectives is TRUE?

  A. Only developers and testers should be involved in retrospectives, as involving people in other roles is very likely to prevent developers and testers from having open and constructive discussions that really help identify process improvements.
  B. Retrospectives can be very effective in identifying process improvements and can also be very efficient and cost-effective especially since, unlike reviews, they do not require any follow-up activities
  C. On Agile projects, well-conducted retrospectives at the end of each iteration can help the team reduce and sometimes even eliminate the need for dairy stand-up meetings.
  D. During retrospectives, in addition to identifying relevant process improvements, participants should also consider how to implement these improvements and retain them based on the context of the project, such as the software development lifecycle.
  D. During retrospectives, in addition to identifying relevant process improvements, participants should also consider how to implement these improvements and retain them based on the context of the project, such as the software development lifecycle.

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  Explanation

  Retrospectives are a crucial part of Agile practices, aiming to identify process improvements and determine how to implement them effectively. They should involve participants discussing not only what improvements could be made but also how to integrate and sustain those improvements within the project context, including the software development lifecycle. This makes statement D accurate according to the ISTQB CTFL syllabus.

• Question 236:

  What is the main benefit of risk-based testing?

  A. Guarantees defect-free software
  B. Ensures maximum automation coverage
  C. Optimizes test effort toward high-impact areas
  D. Eliminates the need for dynamic testing
  C. Optimizes test effort toward high-impact areas

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  Explanation

  Risk-based testing prioritizes resources where failure would be most critical.

• Question 237:

  Which ONE of the following options is NOT a test objective?

  A. Verifying whether specified requirements have been fulfilled
  B. Triggering failures and finding defects
  C. Finding errors
  D. Validating whether the test object is complete and works as expected by the stakeholders
  C. Finding errors

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  Explanation

  Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

  The primary objectives of testing, as outlined in the ISTQB CTFL v4.0 syllabus, include verifying whether specified requirements are met (A), detecting failures and defects (B), and validating that the test object functions as expected (D). However, "finding errors" (C) is not a direct objective. Errors result from human mistakes, but testing primarily identifies defects, which are flaws in the system that cause failures. Testing aims to reveal defects rather than directly identify errors in the code.

  ISTQB CTFL v4.0 Syllabus, Section 1.1.1 ?Test Objectives

• Question 238:

  Consider the following defect report for an Exam Booking System

  Defect ID: ST1041 | Title: Unable to cancel an exam booking | Severity: Very High | Priority: Very High | Environment: Windows 10, Firefox

  Description: When attempting to cancel an exam booking using the cancel exam feature, the system does not cancel the exam even though it shows a message that the exam has been cancelled.

  Which ONE of the following indicates the information that should be added to the description for reproducing the defect easily?

  A. Providing better severity and priority. It is not clear why this is a high severity problem as the exams can be booked without any problem.
  B. Providing exact steps that lead to this defect. It is not clear from the description if this is a problem for any scheduled exam or for a specific user.
  C. The defect Id used is alphanumeric in nature. It should be a number only.
  D. Repeating the test case with different browsers and logging a separate defect for each one of them
  B. Providing exact steps that lead to this defect. It is not clear from the description if this is a problem for any scheduled exam or for a specific user.

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  Explanation

• Question 239:

  Mark the correct sentences:

  I: Defects are a result of environmental conditions and are also referred to as "Failures"

  II: A human mistake may produce a defect

  III:

  A system mil totally fail to operate correctly when a failure exists in it IV:When a defect exists in a system it may result in a failure V:Defects occur only as a result of technology changes

  A. II, IV
  B. I, II
  C. IV, V
  D. II, III, IV
  A. II, IV

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  Explanation

  The question is about marking the correct sentences among the given statements related to defects, failures, and mistakes. According to the ISTQB glossary, the definitions of these terms are1:

  Defect: A flaw in a component or system that can cause the component or system to fail to perform its required function, e.g. an incorrect statement or data definition. A defect, if encountered during execution, may cause a failure of the

  component or system.

  Failure: An event in which a component or system does not perform a required function within specified limits.

  Mistake: A human action that produces an incorrect result.

  Therefore, out of the five given statements, only two are correct, namely:

  A human mistake may produce a defect: This is true, as a mistake is a source or cause of a defect, e.g. a programmer may make a mistake in writing a code statement, which results in a defect in the software component. When a defect

  exists in a system it may result in a failure: This is true, as a defect is a potential or actual cause of a failure, e.g. a defect in the software component may cause the system to fail to perform a required function when the defect is encountered

  during execution.

  The other three statements are incorrect, namely:

  Defects are a result of environmental conditions and are also referred to as "Failures": This is false, as defects are not a result of environmental conditions, but of mistakes or other factors, and defects are not the same as failures, but rather

  the causes of failures.

  A system will totally fail to operate correctly when a failure exists in it: This is false, as a system may not necessarily fail completely or stop operating when a failure occurs, but may continue to operate with reduced functionality or

  performance, or with incorrect results.

  Defects occur only as a result of technology changes: This is false, as defects can occur due to various reasons, not only technology changes, such as human mistakes, design flaws, requirement changes, hardware failures, etc.

  ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms 4.0, 2023, available at ISTQB) and ASTQB).

• Question 240:

  You are testing the download process of a mobile phone application.

  For which to the following capabilities to the system you need to design a nonfunctional test?

  A. It was easy to locate, download and install the application
  B. The application was correctly downloaded
  C. The application created an installation log file in a given folder
  D. The application installed only after the user's approval
  A. It was easy to locate, download and install the application

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  Explanation

  This question asks for a non-functional aspect of testing the download process of a mobile application. Option A, "It was easy to locate, download and install the application," refers to usability, which is a non-functional quality attribute. Nonfunctional testing involves testing the system's attributes, such as usability, performance, reliability, etc., rather than specific behaviors or functions. Options B, "The application was correctly downloaded," C, "The application created an installation log file in a given folder," and D, "The application installed only after the user's approval," describe functional aspects, focusing on what the software does rather than how it performs or is experienced by the user.