ISTQB ISTQB-CTFL Online Practice Questions and Exam Preparation

ISTQB ISTQB-CTFL Online Questions & Answers

• Question 181:

  Which of the following BEST explains a drawback of independent testing?

  A. Having the business organization participate as an independent test team can hurt the overall testing effort since business participants are often not trained nor experienced in testing
  B. Due to their differing backgrounds and perspectives, an independent test team may discover defects which the developers did not uncover
  C. An independent test team may be isolated from the rest of the development and project team
  D. An independent test team may possess specializations in specific test types such as usability or security which detract from the overall effectiveness of the test team
  C. An independent test team may be isolated from the rest of the development and project team

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  Explanation

  Independent testing offers several advantages, such as unbiased testing and detection of different defects. However, a drawback is that an independent test team may be isolated from the development team and project team. This can lead to

  communication gaps, reduced collaboration, and a lack of understanding of the project context.

  According to the ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) syllabus v4.0, an independent test team may not have the same level of understanding of the system as the development team, leading to potential issues in communication

  and integration (ISTQB not-for-profit association).

  References:

  Certified Tester Foundation Level v4.0

  ISTQB Foundation Level Syllabus 4.0 (2023)

• Question 182:

  A bank offers a savings account with various interest rates based on the current balance in the account. The balance ranges and respective interest rates are:

  Up to $100.00 =2% $100.01 to $500.00 = 4% $500.01 to $1,000.00 = 5% Above $1,000.00 = 7%

  Using two-point boundary value analysis, which of the following sets of test inputs provides the relatively highest level of boundary coverage?

  A. $5.00.$100.00,$499.99,$1,000.00,$1,000.01
  B. $100.00. $100.01,$100.02,$500.00,$999.99
  C. $100.00, $500.00,$1,000.00,$1,000.01
  D. $5.00.$100.00,$500.00,$1,000.01
  B. $100.00. $100.01,$100.02,$500.00,$999.99

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  Explanation

  Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) is a software testing technique in which tests are designed to include values at the boundaries. The concept is to focus on the boundaries since errors tend to occur at the edges of input ranges rather than in the middle.

  Given the problem statement:

  1.Up to $100.00 = 2%

  2.$100.01 to $500.00 = 4%

  3.$500.01 to $1,000.00 = 5%

  4.Above $1,000.00 = 7%

  Two-point boundary value analysis means testing the two boundaries of each range.

  For each range:

  1.The boundaries for "Up to $100.00" would be $100.00 and $100.01.

  2.The boundaries for "$100.01 to $500.00" would be $100.00 and $500.00.

  3.The boundaries for "$500.01 to $1,000.00" would be $500.00 and $1,000.00.

  4.The boundaries for "Above $1,000.00" would be $1,000.00 and $1,000.01.

  Now, let's examine the options:

  A. $5.00, $100.00, $499.99, $1,000.00, $1,000.01

  Missing $100.01 and $500.01.

  B. $100.00, $100.01, $100.02, $500.00, $999.99

  Covers $100.00, $100.01, $500.00, $1000.00, and $1000.01.

  C. $100.00, $500.00, $1,000.00, $1,000.01

  Missing $100.01 and $500.01.

  D. $5.00, $100.00, $500.00, $1,000.01

  Missing $100.01 and $500.01.

  Given the options, B provides the highest boundary coverage (ISTQB not-for-profit association) (Udemy).

  References: Certified Tester Foundation Level v4.0 10 Sample Exams ISTQB Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0

• Question 183:

  Which task belongs to test planning?

  A. Writing test summary report
  B. Estimating test effort and resources
  C. Designing test cases
  D. Logging defects
  B. Estimating test effort and resources

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  Explanation

  Test planning defines scope, strategy, and resource estimation.

• Question 184:

  Which of the following statements is not correct?

  A. Looking for defects in a system may require Ignoring system details
  B. Identifying defects may be perceived as criticism against product
  C. Looking for defects in system requires professional pessimism and curiosity
  D. Testing is often seen as a destructive activity instead of constructive activity
  A. Looking for defects in a system may require Ignoring system details

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  Explanation

  Looking for defects in a system does not require ignoring system details, but rather paying attention to them and understanding how they affect the system's quality, functionality, and usability. Ignoring system details could lead to missing important defects or testing irrelevant aspects of the system. Identifying defects may be perceived as criticism against product, especially by the developers or stakeholders who are invested in the product's success. However, identifying defects is not meant to be a personal attack, but rather a constructive feedback that helps to improve the product and ensure its alignment with the requirements and expectations of the users and clients. Looking for defects in system requires professional pessimism and curiosity, as testers need to anticipate and explore the possible ways that the system could fail, malfunction, or behave unexpectedly. Professional pessimism means being skeptical and critical of the system's quality and reliability, while curiosity means being eager and interested in finding out the root causes and consequences of the defects. Testing is often seen as a destructive activity instead of constructive activity, as it involves finding and reporting the flaws and weaknesses of the system, rather than creating or enhancing it. However, testing is actually a constructive activity, as it contributes to the system's improvement, verification, validation, and optimization, and ultimately to the delivery of a high-quality product that meets the needs and expectations of the users and clients.

• Question 185:

  Which of the following statements about the testing quadrants is TRUE?

  A. The higher the number of the testing quadrant, the more important the tests associated with this quadrant are
  B. Automated acceptance tests produced during BDD and ATDD are classified in quadrant 02.
  C. Exploratory tests are classified in quadrant Q3, and they are usually included in a continuous integration process.
  D. Automated unit tests produced during TDD are classified in quadrant Q4 as they are technology facing.
  B. Automated acceptance tests produced during BDD and ATDD are classified in quadrant 02.

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  Explanation

  The correct statement is

  B. According to the ISTQB CTFL syllabus, the testing quadrants help to categorize tests based on their purpose and whether they are technology-facing or business-facing, and whether they support the team or

  critique the product. Quadrant Q2 includes tests that are business-facing and support the team, such as automated acceptance tests produced during Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) and Acceptance Test-Driven Development (ATDD)

  Quadrant Q3 includes business-facing tests that critique the product, such as exploratory testing, usability testing, and user acceptance testing. These tests are typically manual and focus on evaluating the product from a user perspective,

  rather than being part of a continuous integration process.

  Quadrant Q4 includes technology-facing tests that critique the product, such as performance tests, security tests, and other non-functional tests, which can be automated but are not related to unit tests produced during TDD .

• Question 186:

  Which of the following statements is CORRECT about the value added by a tester to release planning?

  A. The tester estimates the testing effort for individual iterations
  B. The tester writes acceptance criteria
  C. The tester breaks down user stories into smaller testing tasks
  D. The tester assesses the testability of the user stories
  D. The tester assesses the testability of the user stories

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  Explanation

• Question 187:

  What is test oracle?

  A. The source of lest objectives
  B. The source for the actual results
  C. The source of expected results
  D. The source of input conditions
  C. The source of expected results

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  Explanation

  A test oracle is a mechanism or principle that can be used to determine whether the observed behavior or output of a system under test is correct or not1. A test oracle can be based on various sources of expected results, such as

  specifications, user expectations, previous versions, comparable systems, etc2.

  References:

  ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 Syllabus, Section 1.2.1, Page 91; ISTQB Glossary of Testing Terms, Version 4.0, Page 332.

• Question 188:

  Which of the following statements about static analysis are FALSE?

  I- Static analysis can be used Instead of dynamic testing.

  II- Stalk: analysis can uncover defects like security vulnerabilities.

  III- Static analysis can be used to check conformance to specifications and standards.

  IV-Static analysis typically detects failures prior to component testing.

  A. I. II
  B. II. Ill
  C. III. IV
  D. I, IV
  D. I, IV

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  Explanation

  Static analysis involves analyzing the software's code, design, and structure without executing the program. It can uncover various types of defects, including security vulnerabilities (II) and non-conformance to specifications and standards (III). However, static analysis cannot replace dynamic testing (I), which involves executing the software to observe its behavior under various conditions. Dynamic testing can identify failures that static analysis cannot, such as those related to runtime issues and interaction between different parts of the software. Statement IV is false because static analysis does not detect failures; it detects defects. Failures are observed when the software is executed, which is beyond the scope of static analysis.

• Question 189:

  Which ONE of the following options BEST describes black-box test techniques?

  A. Black-box testing techniques are based on experience with the test object without knowing the internal structure.
  B. In black-box testing techniques, test cases are created based on the software's implementation.
  C. Black-box testing techniques are based on analyzing the test object's specified and implied behavior without knowledge of its internal data structure.
  D. Black-box testing techniques involve analyzing the specified behavior of the test object without knowledge of its internal structure.
  D. Black-box testing techniques involve analyzing the specified behavior of the test object without knowledge of its internal structure.

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  Explanation

  Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

  Black-box testing techniques focus on testing the functionality of the software without knowledge of its internal workings (D). They derive test cases from specifications, requirements, or expected behavior. Option A describes exploratory testing, B contradicts the definition by focusing on implementation, and C incorrectly includes "implied behavior," which is not a core characteristic of black-box testing.

  ISTQB CTFL v4.0 Syllabus, Section 4.2 ?Black-Box Testing Techniques

• Question 190:

  Which of the following BEST matches the descriptions with the different categories of test techniques?

  1.Test cases are based on the test basis which may include the requirements, use cases and user stories 2.Test cases are based on the test basis which may include the software architecture or code 3.Test cases can show deviations from the requirements 4.These test techniques are applicable to both functional and non-functional testing 5.Tests are based on knowledge of developers, users and other stakeholders

  Black - Black-box test techniques White * White-box test techniques

  Experience - Experience-based test techniques

  A. Black -1,3.4 White - 2 Experience - 5
  B. Black - 2, 3 White -1 Experience - 4, 5
  C. Black -1,2 White - 3, 4 Experience - 5
  D. Black - 2, 3 White -1,5 Experience - 4
  A. Black -1,3.4 White - 2 Experience - 5

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  Explanation

  Matching the descriptions with the test techniques:

  Black-box test techniques use the external description of the software, including requirements, use cases, and user stories. White-box test techniques use the internal structure of the software system, including software architecture and code. Black-box test techniques can reveal deviations from the requirements as they validate the external behavior of the software. Both black-box and white-box test techniques are applicable to functional and non-functional testing.

  References:ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus v4.0 PDF