ISTQB ISTQB-CTFL Online Practice Questions and Exam Preparation

ISTQB ISTQB-CTFL Online Questions & Answers

• Question 91:

  An agile software development organization has recently hired a senior tester. The organization has distributed teams spread across time zones. They need to share test status with various stakeholders including upper management and customers at a regular interval. Which of the following statements seems to be correct with regards to the communication?

  A. Since the stakeholders include customers frequent informal communication without a specific frequency works better.
  B. Agile nature of the project means very less documentation and hence the status need not be documented and shared in a formal manner
  C. Since the stakeholders include upper management, formal reports delivered face-to-face are critical.
  D. Distributed nature of teams working in various time zones means email communication will work better
  D. Distributed nature of teams working in various time zones means email communication will work better

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  Explanation

• Question 92:

  Which of the following is the main benefit of a configuration management of testware?

  A. All testware is backed up with restore option, including incident reports and change requests.
  B. The testware can be traced to information in requirements tools and to the bug tracking system.
  C. All testware items are identified, version controlled, tracked tor changes with relation to each other
  D. There is an easy way to assess the level to test coverage provided by the existing tests
  C. All testware items are identified, version controlled, tracked tor changes with relation to each other

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  Explanation

  Configuration management of testware is a critical aspect of maintaining the integrity and traceability of test assets throughout the testing lifecycle. The main benefit of configuration management is to ensure that all testware items, such as test cases, test scripts, test data, and test results, are systematically identified, version controlled, and tracked for changes in relation to each other.

  Option C accurately describes this benefit. By applying configuration management principles to testware, teams can manage changes to test assets efficiently, ensuring that the testware remains consistent, up-to-date, and aligned with the version of the software under test. This control mechanism facilitates the reproducibility of tests, enhances the reliability of testing activities, and supports traceability from requirements through to defects.

  Options A, B, and D describe other aspects of test management and testing processes but do not capture the core benefit of configuration management of testware, which is centered on the systematic control and tracking of testware items.

• Question 93:

  Which of the following metrics relates to the number of defects per unit size of a work product?

  A. Requirement coverage
  B. Average operating time until failure
  C. Fault density
  D. Number of executed test cases in relation to non-executed test cases
  C. Fault density

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  Explanation

• Question 94:

  Which ONE of the following options BEST describes a key characteristic of non-functional testing?

  A. Performing non-functional testing starting at the system test level.
  B. Conducting non-functional testing exclusively at the acceptance test level.
  C. Limiting non-functional testing to security testing and performance testing only.
  D. Ensuring non-functional testing focuses only on user experience and usability.
  A. Performing non-functional testing starting at the system test level.

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  Explanation

  Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:

  Non-functional testing evaluates attributes like performance, security, and usability, which are typically assessed at the system test level or higher (A). It is not restricted to acceptance testing (B), goes beyond security and performance testing (C), and covers more than just user experience (D).

  ISTQB CTFL v4.0 Syllabus, Section 2.2.2 ?Non-functional Testing

• Question 95:

  A test case fails because the system crashes when saving a record. What is the immediate result called?

  A. Defect
  B. Error
  C. Failure
  D. Incident
  C. Failure

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  Explanation

  A failure is a deviation observed during execution.

• Question 96:

  Which one of the following is a typical entry criteria for testing?

  A. Planned tests have been executed.
  B. Availability of testable requirements.
  C. The number of unresolved defects is within an agreed limit.
  D. The number of estimated remaining defects is sufficiently low.
  B. Availability of testable requirements.

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  Explanation

  A typical entry criterion for testing is the availability of testable requirements. Testable requirements provide a basis for designing and executing test cases. Without clear and testable requirements, it is challenging to determine what needs to be tested and to create effective test cases. Entry criteria ensure that the necessary preconditions are met before testing begins, which helps in conducting efficient and effective testing.

  References: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus, Section 5.1.3, "Entry and Exit Criteria."

• Question 97:

  In which of the following test documents would you expect to find test exit criteria described9

  A. Test design specification
  B. Project plan
  C. Requirements specification
  D. Test plan
  D. Test plan

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  Explanation

  Test exit criteria are the conditions that must be fulfilled before concluding a particular testing phase. These criteria act as a checkpoint to assess whether we have achieved the testing objectives and are done with testing1. Test exit criteria are typically defined in the test plan document, which is one of the outputs of the test planning phase. The test plan document describes the scope, approach, resources, and schedule of the testing activities. It also identifies the test items, the features to be tested, the testing tasks, the risks, and the test deliverables2. According to the ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, the test plan document should include the following information related to the test exit criteria3: The criteria for evaluating test completion, such as the percentage of test cases executed, the percentage of test coverage achieved, the number and severity of defects found and fixed, the quality and reliability of the software product, and

  the stakeholder satisfaction.

  The criteria for evaluating test process improvement, such as the adherence to the test strategy, the efficiency and effectiveness of the testing activities, the lessons learned and best practices identified, and the recommendations for future

  improvements.

  Therefore, the test plan document is the most appropriate test document to find the test exit criteria described. The other options, such as test design specification, project plan, and requirements specification, are not directly related to the test

  exit criteria. The test design specification describes the test cases and test procedures for a specific test level or test type3. The project plan describes the overall objectives, scope, assumptions, risks, and deliverables of the software

  project4. The requirements specification describes the functional and non-functional requirements of the software product5. None of these documents specify the conditions for ending the testing process or evaluating the testing outcomes.

  References:

  ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Entry and Exit Criteria in Software Testing | Baeldung on Computer Science, Entry And Exit Criteria In Software Testing - Rishabh Software, Entry and Exit Criteria in Software Testing

  Life Cycle - STLC [2022 Updated] - Testsigma Blog, ISTQB releases Certified Tester Foundation Level v4.0 (CTFL).

• Question 98:

  A class grade application for instructors assigns letter grades based on students' numerical grades.

  The letter grades for different numerical grades should be: Above 89, up to 100 - A Above 79, up to 89 - B Above 69, up to 79 - C Above 59, up to 69 - D Below 60 - F

  Which of the following sets of test inputs would achieve the relatively highest equivalence partition coverage?

  A. 0, 58.59,70, 80
  B. 74, 79.84,85, 89
  C. 79, 89.90,99, 100
  D. 69, 79. 80, 89, 90
  D. 69, 79. 80, 89, 90

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  Explanation

  The set of test inputs that achieve the relatively highest equivalence partition coverage for grading students is option D: 69, 79, 80, 89, 90. This set effectively tests the boundaries between each grade category, ensuring that the grading system accurately transitions from one grade to another at the correct thresholds (ISTQB Main Web).

  References:

  ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus v4.0 PDF

• Question 99:

  In which of the following cases you would NOT execute maintenance testing?

  A. Retirement of the software or system
  B. Modifications to a released software or system
  C. Migration of the system data to a replacement system
  D. Update to the Maintainability requirements during the development phase
  D. Update to the Maintainability requirements during the development phase

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  Explanation

  Maintenance testing is testing performed on a software product after delivery to correct defects or improve performance or other attributes. Maintenance testing can be triggered by various situations, such as modifications to a released software or system, migration of the system data to a replacement system, or retirement of the software or system. Maintenance testing is not executed when there is an update to the maintainability requirements during the development phase, as this is not a maintenance situation but rather a change request that should be handled by the development process. Verified

  References: [A Study Guide to the ISTQB Foundation Level 2018 Syllabus - Springer], Chapter 2, page 18-19.

• Question 100:

  Which of the following statements is an example of testing contributing to higher quality?

  A. A test leader writes a test summary report
  B. A project manager asks to a test leader to estimate the test effort
  C. A tester installs a test ten in the lest environment
  D. A tester finds a bug which is resolved prior to release
  D. A tester finds a bug which is resolved prior to release

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  Explanation

  The question is about identifying an example of testing contributing to higher quality. Quality is the degree to which a component, system or process meets specified requirements and/or user/customer needs and expectations1. Testing is the process consisting of all lifecycle activities, both static and dynamic, concerned with planning, preparation and evaluation of software products and related work products to determine that they satisfy specified requirements, to demonstrate that they are fit for purpose and to detect defects2. Therefore, testing contributes to higher quality by verifying and validating that the software products and related work products meet the specified requirements, are fit for purpose and have no defects, or at least have a reduced number of defects. Testing also provides information about the quality of the software products and related work products to the stakeholders, who can make informed decisions based on the test results. Out of the four given statements, only option D is an example of testing contributing to higher quality, as it shows that testing has detected a defect (a flaw in a component or system that can cause the component or system to fail to perform its required function4) and that the defect has been resolved (fixed and confirmed) prior to release (delivery of the software product to the customer or end user). This means that testing has prevented a potential failure (an event in which a component or system does not perform a required function within specified limits) from occurring in the operational environment, and thus has improved the quality of the software product. Option A is not an example of testing contributing to higher quality, as it is a reporting activity that summarizes the test results and evaluates the test objectives, but does not directly affect the quality of the software product or related work products. A test summary report is a document that records and communicates the outcomes of testing activities, including test completion criteria, test results, incident reports, test summary and evaluation, and lessons learned. Option B is not an example of testing contributing to higher quality, as it is a planning activity that estimates the resources and time needed for testing activities, but does not directly affect the quality of the software product or related work products. A test effort estimate is an approximation of the amount of work and/or the duration of time required to perform testing activities. Option C is not an example of testing contributing to higher quality, as it is a preparation activity that sets up the test environment (an environment containing hardware, instrumentation, simulators, software tools, and other support elements needed to conduct a test), but does not directly affect the quality of the software product or related work products. A test environment installation is a process of installing and configuring the test environment according to the test environment specification.