CompTIA CompTIA Cloud Essentials CLO-002 Questions & Answers

• Question 31:

  Which of the following stores transactions in a distributed ledger of which all users have a copy?

  A. Big Data

  B. Block chain

  C. Machine learning

  D. Artificial intelligence

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation: A block chain is a type of distributed ledger that stores transactions in a public or private peer-to-peer network. Distributed ledgers use independent computers (referred to as nodes) to record, share, and synchronize transactions in their respective electronic ledgers instead of keeping data centralized as in a traditional ledger. A block chain organizes data into blocks, which are chained together in an append-only mode. Each block contains a timestamp and a cryptographic hash of the previous block, thus making the block chain an auditable, immutable history of all transactions in the network. All users have a copy of the block chain, which they can verify and validate by consensus. A block chain is different from other options, such as big data, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. Big data is a term that refers to the large volume, variety, and velocity of data that is generated, collected, and analyzed by various sources and applications. Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that uses algorithms and data to learn from experience and improve performance without explicit programming. Artificial intelligence is a field of computer science that aims to create machines and systems that can perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, and decision making. References: Blockchain basics: Introduction to distributed ledgers, Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) - World Bank Group, Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), Blockchain Vs. Distributed Ledger Technology

• Question 32:

  A business analyst is using a public cloud provider's CRM service to manage contacts and organize all communication. Which of the following cloud service models is the analyst using?

  A. IaaS

  B. SaaS

  C. DBaaS

  D. PaaS

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation: SaaS stands for Software as a Service, which is a cloud service model that provides the customer with a complete software application that is hosted and managed by the provider. The customer can access the software over the internet, without requiring any installation, configuration, or maintenance on their side. The customer only pays for the software usage, usually on a subscription or pay-per-use basis. A CRM service is an example of a SaaS application, as it allows the customer to manage contacts, organize communication, and track sales activities, without having to worry about the underlying infrastructure, platform, or software development. A public cloud provider is a provider that offers cloud services to the general public over the internet, such as Microsoft Azure, Amazon Web Services, or Google Cloud. SaaS is different from other cloud service models, such as IaaS, DBaaS, or PaaS. IaaS stands for Infrastructure as a Service, which provides the customer with the basic computing resources, such as servers, storage, network, and virtualization. The customer is responsible for the operating system, middleware, runtime, application, and data. DBaaS stands for Database as a Service, which provides the customer with a database management system that is hosted and managed by the provider. The customer is responsible for the data and the queries. PaaS stands for Platform as a Service, which provides the customer with a platform to develop, run, and manage applications without worrying about the infrastructure. The customer is responsible for the application code, data, and configuration. References: Cloud Service Models - CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ (CLO-002) Cert Guide, What is SaaS? Software as a service explained | InfoWorld, What is SaaS? Software as a Service Explained - Salesforce.com, [What is SaaS? Software as a Service Definition - AWS]

• Question 33:

  A cloud administrator is reviewing the requirements for a SaaS application and estimates downtime will be very expensive for the organization. Which of the following should the administrator configure to minimize downtime? (Choose two.)

  A. Continuous deployment

  B. Right-sizing

  C. Availability zones

  D. Geo-redundancy

  E. Hardening

  F. Backups

  Correct Answer: CD

  Explanation: Availability zones and geo-redundancy are two strategies that can help minimize downtime for a SaaS application. Availability zones are distinct locations within a cloud region that are isolated from each other and have independent power, cooling, and networking. They provide high availability and fault tolerance by allowing the SaaS application to run on multiple servers across different zones. If one zone fails, the application can continue to operate on the other zones without interruption. Geo- redundancy is the replication of data and services across multiple geographic regions. It provides disaster recovery and business continuity by allowing the SaaS application to switch to another region in case of a major outage or a natural disaster. Geo-redundancy also improves performance and latency by serving users from the nearest region. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ CLO-002 Study Guide, Chapter 3: Cloud Business Principles, Section 3.3: Cloud Service Level Agreements, Page 751 and Chapter

  4: Cloud Design Principles, Section 4.3: Cloud Scalability and Elasticity, Page 1172

• Question 34:

  A cloud administrator wants to ensure nodes are added automatically when the load on a web cluster increases. Which of the following should be implemented?

  A. Autonomous systems

  B. Infrastructure as code

  C. Right-sizing

  D. Autoscaling

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation: Autoscaling is a cloud computing feature that enables organizations to scale cloud services such as server capacities or virtual machines up or down automatically, based on defined situations such as traffic or utilization levels1.

  Autoscaling helps to ensure that nodes are added automatically when the load on a web cluster increases, and removed when the load decreases, to optimize performance and costs. Autoscaling can be configured using built-in mechanisms

  or custom implementations, depending on the cloud service and the specific requirements2.

  Autonomous systems are networks that are administered by a single entity and have a common routing policy. Autonomous systems are not related to autoscaling, but rather to network connectivity and routing protocols.

  Infrastructure as code is a practice of managing and provisioning cloud resources using code or scripts, rather than manual processes or graphical interfaces. Infrastructure as code can help to automate and standardize cloud deployments,

  but it does not necessarily imply autoscaling, unless the code or scripts include logic for scaling resources based on demand.

  Right-sizing is a technique of optimizing cloud resources to match the actual needs and usage patterns of an application or service. Right-sizing can help to reduce costs and improve efficiency, but it does not involve adding or removing

  nodes automatically based on load. Right-sizing is usually done periodically or on-demand, rather than continuously3. References: 2: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/best-practices/auto- scaling 4: https://

  aws.amazon.com/autoscaling/ 1: https://www.netscaler.com/articles/what- is-autoscaling 5: https://avinetworks.com/glossary/auto-scaling/ 3:

  https://cloud.google.com/run/docs/about-instance-autoscaling :

  https://www.comptia.org/training/books/cloud-essentials-clo-002-study-guide, page 42 :

  https://www.comptia.org/training/books/cloud-essentials-clo-002-study-guide, page 46

• Question 35:

  A company has been running tests on a newly developed algorithm to increase the responsiveness of the application. The company's monthly bills for the testing have been much higher than expected.

  Which of the following documents should the company examine FIRST?

  A. Memory report

  B. Compute report

  C. Network report

  D. Storage report

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation: A network report is a document that provides information about the network usage and performance of a cloud service. It can help the company identify the network- related factors that may affect the responsiveness of the

  application, such as bandwidth, latency, jitter, packet loss, and throughput. A network report can also help the company monitor the network costs and optimize the network configuration to reduce the monthly bills.

  A memory report, a compute report, and a storage report are documents that provide information about the memory, compute, and storage resources of a cloud service, respectively. They can help the company understand the resource

  consumption and performance of the application, but they are not the first documents to examine for the responsiveness issue. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ CLO-002 Certification Study Guide, Chapter 4: Operating in the Cloud,

  Section 4.3: Monitoring Cloud Services, Page 133

  Learn more:

  1. comptia.org2. academic-store.comptia.org3. store.comptia.org4. books.google.com 2of30 What is a network report?How can the company optimize its cloud service to reduce costs?What are some common factors that affect application responsiveness? Response stopped New topic New topic Top of Form Bottom of Form

• Question 36:

  A company is required to move its human resources application to the cloud to reduce capital expenses. The IT team does a feasibility analysis and learns the application requires legacy infrastructure and cannot be moved to the cloud.

  Which of the following is the MOST appropriate cloud migration approach for the company?

  A. Lift and shift

  B. Hybrid

  C. Rip and replace

  D. In-place upgrade

  Correct Answer: B

  A hybrid cloud migration approach involves using a combination of on-premises and cloud resources to host an application. A hybrid cloud migration approach is suitable for applications that have dependencies or requirements that cannot be met by the cloud alone, such as legacy infrastructure, compliance, security, or performance1. A hybrid cloud migration approach can help reduce capital expenses by moving some components of the application to the cloud, while retaining others on-premises. A hybrid cloud migration approach can also provide flexibility, scalability, and resilience to the application, as it can leverage the best features of both environments2. A lift and shift cloud migration approach involves moving an application to the cloud as-is, without making any significant changes to its architecture or configuration. A lift and shift cloud migration approach is not appropriate for applications that require legacy infrastructure and cannot be moved to the cloud, as it would result in compatibility issues, performance degradation, or increased costs3. A rip and replace cloud migration approach involves discarding an application and replacing it with a new one that is designed for the cloud. A rip and replace cloud migration approach is not appropriate for applications that require legacy infrastructure and cannot be moved to the cloud, as it would result in loss of functionality, data, or customization, as well as increased complexity, risk, and cost4. An in-place upgrade cloud migration approach involves updating an application to a newer version that is compatible with the cloud, without changing its location or platform. An in- place upgrade cloud migration approach is not appropriate for applications that require legacy infrastructure and cannot be moved to the cloud, as it would not reduce capital expenses or provide any benefits of the cloud. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ CLO-002 Study Guide, Chapter 2: Cloud Migration, pages 49-50.

• Question 37:

  Which of the following risks is MOST likely to be accepted as a result of transferring business to a single CSP?

  A. Vendor lock-in

  B. The inability to scale

  C. Data breach due to a break-in

  D. Loss of equipment due to a natural disaster

  Correct Answer: A

  Explanation: Vendor lock-in is a situation where a customer becomes dependent on a single cloud service provider (CSP) and cannot easily switch to another vendor without substantial cost, technical incompatibility, or legal constraints1. Vendor lock-in is a risk that is most likely to be accepted as a result of transferring business to a single CSP, because it may offer some benefits such as lower prices, higher performance, or better integration. However, vendor lock-in also has some drawbacks, such as reduced flexibility, increased dependency, and limited innovation2. Therefore, customers should carefully weigh the pros and cons of vendor lock-in before choosing a CSP and try to avoid or mitigate it by using open standards, multi-cloud strategies, or contractual agreements3. References: What is vendor lock-in? | Vendor lock-in and cloud computing; What Is Cloud Vendor Lock-In (And How To Break Free)? - CAST AI; CompTIA Cloud Essentials

  + CLO- 002 Study Guide, Chapter 3: Cloud Computing Concepts, page 97.

• Question 38:

  An analyst is reviewing a report on a company's cloud resource usage. The analyst has noticed many of the cloud instances operate at a fraction of the full processing capacity. Which of the following actions should the analyst consider to

  lower costs and improve efficiency?

  A. Consolidating into fewer instances

  B. Using spot instances

  C. Right-sizing compute resource instances

  D. Negotiating better prices on the company's reserved instances

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation: Right-sizing compute resource instances is the process of matching instance types and sizes to workload performance and capacity requirements at the lowest possible cost. It's also the process of identifying opportunities to eliminate or downsize instances without compromising capacity or other requirements, which results in lower costs and higher efficiency1. Right-sizing is a key mechanism for optimizing cloud costs, but it is often ignored or delayed by organizations when they first move to the cloud. They lift and shift their environments and expect to right-size later. Speed and performance are often prioritized over cost, which results in oversized instances and a lot of wasted spend on unused resources2. Right-sizing compute resource instances is the best action that the analyst should consider to lower costs and improve efficiency, as it can help reduce the amount of resources and money spent on instances that operate at a fraction of the full processing capacity. Right- sizing can also improve the performance and reliability of the instances by ensuring that they have enough resources to meet the workload demands. Right-sizing is an ongoing process that requires continuous monitoring and analysis of the instance usage and performance metrics, as well as the use of tools and frameworks that can simplify and automate the right-sizing decisions1. Consolidating into fewer instances, using spot instances, or negotiating better prices on the company's reserved instances are not the best actions that the analyst should consider to lower costs and improve efficiency, as they have some limitations and trade-offs compared to right-sizing. Consolidating into fewer instances can reduce the number of instances, but it does not necessarily optimize the type and size of the instances. Consolidating can also introduce performance and availability issues, such as increased latency, reduced redundancy, or single points of failure3. Using spot instances can reduce the cost of instances, but it also introduces the risk of interruption and termination, as spot instances are subject to fluctuating prices and availability based on the supply and demand of the cloud provider4. Negotiating better prices on the company's reserved instances can reduce the cost of instances, but it also requires a long-term commitment and upfront payment, which reduces the flexibility and scalability of the cloud environment5. References: Right Sizing - Cloud Computing Services; The 6-Step Guide To Rightsizing Your Instances - CloudZero; Consolidating Cloud Services: How to Do It Right | CloudHealth by VMware; Spot Instances - Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud; Reserved Instances - Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud.

• Question 39:

  A company has decided to replicate cloud resources in several different geographic locations. Which of the following terms BEST describes this approach?

  A. Disaster recovery

  B. Deduplication

  C. Redundancy

  D. Data sovereignty

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation: Redundancy is a term that describes the approach of replicating cloud resources in several different geographic locations. Redundancy can increase the availability, reliability, and performance of cloud services by providing backup or alternative resources in case of failures, disasters, or high demand. Redundancy can also reduce latency by serving users from the nearest location. Redundancy can be implemented at different levels, such as data, network, server, or application. For example, a geo- distributed database is a type of redundancy that offers asynchronous replication across two data centers or cloud regions1. Redundancy is different from disaster recovery, deduplication, and data sovereignty, which are other terms related to cloud computing. Disaster recovery is a term that describes the process of restoring normal operations after a disaster or disruption. Disaster recovery can involve using redundant resources, but it is not the same as redundancy. Deduplication is a term that describes the technique of eliminating redundant copies of data from a storage device, which can reduce the storage space required and improve the efficiency of the storage system. Deduplication does not involve replicating cloud resources in different locations, but rather consolidating and removing duplicates. Data sovereignty is a term that describes the legal and regulatory aspects of data storage and processing in different geographic locations. Data sovereignty can affect the choice of cloud regions and providers, as some countries or regions may have specific laws or regulations that govern the access, transfer, and protection of data. Data sovereignty does not imply redundancy, but rather compliance. Therefore, the correct term for replicating cloud resources in several different geographic locations is redundancy. References: Geography and regions | Documentation | Google Cloud, What is Database Geo-Distribution? - Yugabyte, Georedundancy: geographical redundancy | Stackscale.

• Question 40:

  Which of the following explains why a cloud provider would establish and publish a format data sanitization policy for its clients?

  A. To establish guidelines for how the provider will cleanse any data being imported during a cloud migration

  B. To be transparent about how the CSP will handle malware infections that may impact systems housing client data

  C. To provide a value add for clients that will assist in cleansing records at no additional charge

  D. To ensure clients feel comfortable about the handling of any leftover data after termination of the contract

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation: A data sanitization policy is a document that defines how a cloud service provider (CSP) will permanently delete or destroy any data that belongs to its clients after the termination of the contract or the deletion of the service. Data sanitization is a process that ensures that the data is not recoverable by any means, even by advanced forensic tools. Data sanitization is important for cloud security and privacy, as it prevents unauthorized access, disclosure, or misuse of the data by the CSP or any third parties. A data sanitization policy can help the CSP demonstrate its compliance with the data protection laws and regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), that may apply to its clients' data. A data sanitization policy can also help the CSP build trust and confidence with its clients, as it assures them that their data will be handled securely and responsibly, and that they will have full control and ownership of their data. Therefore, option D is the best explanation of why a cloud provider would establish and publish a format data sanitization policy for its clients. Option A is incorrect because it does not explain why a cloud provider would establish and publish a format data sanitization policy for its clients, but rather how the provider will cleanse any data being imported during a cloud migration. Data cleansing is a process that improves the quality and accuracy of the data by removing or correcting any errors, inconsistencies, or duplicates. Data cleansing is not the same as data sanitization, as it does not involve deleting or destroying the data. Option B is incorrect because it does not explain why a cloud provider would establish and publish a format data sanitization policy for its clients, but rather how the CSP will handle malware infections that may impact systems housing client data. Malware is a malicious software that can harm or compromise the systems or data of the CSP or its clients. Malware prevention and detection are important aspects of cloud security, but they are not the same as data sanitization, as they do not involve deleting or destroying the data. Option C is incorrect because it does not explain why a cloud provider would establish and publish a format data sanitization policy for its clients, but rather how the CSP will provide a value add for clients that will assist in cleansing records at no additional charge. Data cleansing, as explained above, is a process that improves the quality and accuracy of the data, not a process that deletes or destroys the data. Data cleansing may or may not be offered by the CSP as a value-added service, but it is not the same as data sanitization, which is a mandatory and essential service for cloud security and privacy. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ CLO-002 Study Guide, Chapter 5: Cloud Security Principles, Section 5.2: Data Security Concepts, Page 1471 and Data sanitization for cloud storage | Infosec