Bias refers to:
A. The variation in the average when the same product or service is measured by different operators using the same measuring equipment.
B. The way measurements are clustered around the center.
C. The variation between the average measurement value and the actual value of the reference standard under analysis.
D. The variation of a measurement against a standard or a quality tool which is accepted as a point of reference.
Taguchi loss function is primarily intended to:
A. Attain unprecedented levels or performance
B. Describe the relation between input variables (Xs) influencing a process and the process and the output of the process (Y)
C. Evaluate the financial impact on account of process deviation from target
D. Establish quality standards and to check conformance to standards
The concept of PLAN, DO, and SEE was developed by:
A. W. Edwards Deming
B. Kaoru Ishikawa
C. Walter A. Shewhart
D. Armand V. Felgenbaum
Which of the following is commonly used as a design tool in Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)?
A. Pugh analysis
B. PEST analysis
C. Cost-benefit analysis
D. Gap analysis
Which of the following can be identified as a major drawback of `expert judgment'?
A. Subjective in nature
B. Flexibility
C. Objective in nature
D. Disinclined to biases
What does the project management plan mainly describe?
A. How the project is constructed
B. How the project is estimated
C. How the project is reviewed
D. How the project is executed, monitored, and controlled
_____________ is employed where there is only one problem and the possible causes are hierarchal in nature.
A. Affinity diagram
B. Histogram
C. Pareto diagram
D. Ishikawa diagram
Two samples are drawn from two normal types of population. Which of the following test statistics can be used to show that the two types of population have the same mean while both have the same variance?
A. F test
B. Two sample pooled t-test
C. Two sample z-test
D. Two proportion z-test
Who coined the concept `zero defects'?
A. Deming
B. Crosby
C. Juran
D. Taguchi
The Waste of Overproduction is defined as ______________________.
A. The unnecessary movement of people and equipment
B. The liability of materials that are bought, invested in and not immediately sold or used
C. Producing more than the next step needs or more than the customer buys
D. The extra movement of material
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