Medical Examination NREMT Questions & Answers

• Question 211:

  Which of the following ventilatory techniques is likely to yield the LOWEST tidal volumes?

  A. One person bag-valve-mask

  B. Two person bag-valve-mask

  C. Flow restricted oxygen powered ventilatory device D. Mouth-to-mask

  Correct Answer: A

  With both mouth-to-mouth and mouth-to-mask ventilation, it is relatively easy to maintain a good seal with the patient s mouth, allowing for delivery of adequate tidal volumes. Likewise, two person bag-valve-mask techniques dedicate one rescuer solely to ensuring adequate mask seal and the second rescuer to squeeze the ventilation bag with two hands (again allowing for adequate tidal volumes to be delivered). One person bag-valve-mask usage is a difficult technique to master, as the single rescuer must maintain a manual airway maneuver, an adequate mask seal, and squeeze the bag simultaneously.

• Question 212:

  When the diaphragm relaxes it regains it's domed shape causing an increase in thoracic pressure forcing air out of the lungs. To have air forced out of the lungs the pressure in the thorax must rise above _______________ pressure?

  A. Trans thoracic

  B. Atmospheric

  C. Trans abdominal

  D. Respiratory

  Correct Answer: B

  For air to be pushed out of the lungs the trans thoracic pressure must rise above atmospheric (barometric). The diaphragm will relax and dome upward and the intercostal muscles will contract and pull the rib cage inward increasing the transthorasic pressure above atmospheric, forcing air out.

• Question 213:

  To create negative pressure in the thorax (chest cavity) the diaphragm contracts and moves _____________ which expands the volume of the thorax allowing air to rush into the lungs.

  A. Upward

  B. Outward

  C. Downward

  D. The diaphragm does not move, the chest wall expands.

  Correct Answer: C

  The diaphragm is a thin tough muscle which separates the thorax and abdomen. The diaphragm is domed upward in its relaxed state, so when it contracts the diaphragm flattens out causing the volume of the thorax to increase. Since the pressure in the thorax is lower than atmospheric air will rush into the lungs allowing for gas exchange. While the chest wall does expand it is the diaphragm is the primary respiratory muscle, chest muscles have a smaller role in regards to normal respirations

• Question 214:

  The lower airway ends at the Alveoli, gas exchange occurs at this level. Oxygen moves to the hemoglobin by passing through a semipermible membrane. Name this membrane.

  A. Capillary bed

  B. Bronchioles

  C. Capillary blood

  D. Veinule

  Correct Answer: A

  The bronchi sub divide into smaller and smaller passages, they end with tiny air sacs called alveoli. The alveoli are covered in capillaries, this is where the gas exchange occurs. The carbon dioxide moves off of the hemoglobin and oxygen moves to the hemoglobin by diffusion. Movement of a gas from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. At the level of the capillaries is where the arteries switch to veins, capillaries are so small only one blood cell can pass through at a time.

• Question 215:

  The tongue often is a source of airway obstruction, it falls back and occludes the _________?

  A. Larynx

  B. Trachea

  C. Nasopharynx

  D. Pharynx

  Correct Answer: D

  The pharynx or throat is often occluded by the tongue falling back and obstructing air flow. When air enters the nostrils it passes through the nasopharnx then the oropharnx the pharynx before it enters the trachea. Jaw thrust or chin lift will pull the tongue off the back of the pharynx to open the airway allowing air flow to the lungs. The trachea is too distal for the tongue to occlude the trachea

• Question 216:

  The anatomy of the airway consists of the upper and the lower airway. The upper airway starts at the mouth and Nares and ends at the _________?

  A. Thyroid cartilage

  B. Epiglottis

  C. Cricoid cartilage

  D. Vocal cords

  Correct Answer: C

  The airway is divided into two different anatomical locations; the upper airway and lower airway. The upper airway starts where air enters the body, nose (Nares) and the mouth. Air will pass through the nose and is filtered and warmed before passing through the remainder of the upper airway and entering the lower airway. The upper airway ends at the Cricoid cartilage, the distal end of the larynx. The Thyroid cartilage is located at the proximal end of the larynx.

• Question 217:

  A device that deliver a specific amount of medication to the lungs, by supplying a short burst of aerosolized medicine that is inhaled by the patient. Is known as a?

  A. Nebulizer

  B. Aero Chamber

  C. Metered Dose Inhaler

  D. Albuterol

  Correct Answer: C

  A Metered Dose Inhaler is commonly used to treat Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and other respiratory problems.

• Question 218:

  What airway opening maneuver should be used on a man that has fallen off a ladder and is suffering from respiratory distress?

  A. Head Tilt - Chin Lift

  B. Intubation

  C. Bite Block

  D. Jaw Thrust

  Correct Answer: D

  The "Jaw Thrust" maneuver should be used to open the airway of any patient who has suffered a traumatic injury

• Question 219:

  In order to provide Oxygen Therapy at "100%" what should the flow rate be?

  A. 12-15 LPM

  B. 100 LPM

  C. 20-24 LPM

  D. 2-6 LPM

  Correct Answer: A

  12-15 LPM administered via a NBR or Non Rebreather mask is considered "100% O2"

• Question 220:

  What is the following device ?

  A device designed to facilitate the blind intubation of a patient. It consists of a cuffed double-lumen tube

  with one blind end. Inflation of the cuff allows the device to function as an endotracheal tube and closes off

  the esophagus, allowing ventilation and preventing reflux of gastric contents.

  A. Nasal Gastric Tube

  B. Dual Lumen Airway

  C. Endothracheal Tube

  D. Non Rebreather

  Correct Answer: B

  This device is also known as a Combi-Tube