NABP NABP Certifications NAPLEX Questions & Answers

• Question 51:

  Select the class of Anti-diabetic medication that works in the specified organ to prevent hyperglycemia. Select all that applies. Kidney (G)

  A. Sulfonylureas

  B. Alpha- Glucosidase Inhibitors

  C. DPP4 Inhibitors

  D. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists

  E. Thiazolidinediones

  F. Biguanide

  G. SGLT2 inhibitors

  Correct Answer: G

  SGLT2 inhibitors Sulfonylureas work in beta cells in the pancreas that are still functioning to enhance insulin secretion. Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors stop -glucosidase enzymes in the small intestine and delay digestion and absorption of starch and disaccharides which lowers the levels of glucose after meals. DPP4 blocks the degradation ofGLP-1, GIP, and a variety of other peptides, including brain natriuretic peptide. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists work in various organs of the body. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists enhance glucose homeostasis through: (i) stimulation of insulin secretion; (ii) inhibition of glucagon secretion; (iii) direct and indirect suppression of endogenous glucose production; (iv) suppression of appetite; (v) enhanced insulin sensitivity secondary to weight loss; (vi) delayed gastric emptying, resulting in decreased postprandial hyperglycaemia. Thiazolidinediones are the only true insulinsensitising agents, exerting their effects in skeletal and cardiac muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. It ameliorates insulin resistance, decreases visceral fat. Biguanides work in liver, muscle, adipose tissue via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) reduce hepatic glucose production. SGLT2 inhibitors work in the kidneys to inhibit sodium-glucose transport proteins to reabsorb glucose into the blood from muscle cells; overall this helps to improve insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas.

  Reference: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv239

• Question 52:

  Select the class of Anti-diabetic medication that works in the specified organ to prevent hyperglycemia. Select all that applies. Muscle (F)

  A. Sulfonylureas

  B. Alpha- Glucosidase Inhibitors

  C. DPP4 Inhibitors

  D. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists

  E. Thiazolidinediones

  F. Biguanide

  G. SGLT2 inhibitors

  Correct Answer: E

  Sulfonylureas work in beta cells in the pancreas that are still functioning to enhance insulin secretion. Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors stop -glucosidase enzymes in the small intestine and delay digestion and absorption of starch and disaccharides which lowers the levels of glucose after meals. DPP4 blocks the degradation ofGLP-1, GIP, and a variety of other peptides, including brain natriuretic peptide. Glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor agonists work in various organs of the body. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists enhance glucose homeostasis through: (i) stimulation of insulin secretion; (ii) inhibition of glucagon secretion; (iii) direct and indirect suppression of endogenous glucose production; (iv) suppression of appetite; (v) enhanced insulin sensitivity secondary to weight loss; (vi) delayed gastric emptying, resulting in decreased postprandial hyperglycaemia. Thiazolidinediones are the only true insulinsensitising agents, exerting their effects in skeletal and cardiac muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. It ameliorates insulin resistance, decreases visceral fat. Biguanides work in liver, muscle, adipose tissue via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) reduce hepatic glucose production. SGLT2 inhibitors work in the kidneys to inhibit sodium-glucose transport proteins to reabsorb glucose into the blood from muscle cells; overall this helps to improve insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas.

  Reference: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv239

• Question 53:

  Select the class of Anti-diabetic medication that works in the specified organ to prevent hyperglycemia. Select all that applies. Brain (E)

  A. Sulfonylureas

  B. Alpha- Glucosidase Inhibitors

  C. DPP4 Inhibitors

  D. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists

  E. Thiazolidinediones

  F. Biguanide

  G. SGLT2 inhibitors

  Correct Answer: D

  Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists Sulfonylureas work in beta cells in the pancreas that are still functioning to enhance insulin secretion. Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors stop -glucosidase enzymes in the small intestine and delay digestion and absorption of starch and disaccharides which lowers the levels of glucose after meals. DPP4 blocks the degradation ofGLP-1, GIP, and a variety of other peptides, including brain natriuretic peptide. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists work in various organs of the body. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists enhance glucose homeostasis through: (i) stimulation of insulin secretion; (ii) inhibition of glucagon secretion; (iii) direct and indirect suppression of endogenous glucose production; (iv) suppression of appetite; (v) enhanced insulin sensitivity secondary to weight loss; (vi) delayed gastric emptying, resulting in decreased postprandial hyperglycaemia. Thiazolidinediones are the only true insulin-sensitising agents, exerting their effects in skeletal and cardiac muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. It ameliorates insulin resistance, decreases visceral fat. Biguanides work in liver, muscle, adipose tissue via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) reduce hepatic glucose production. SGLT2 inhibitors work in the kidneys to inhibit sodium-glucose transport proteins to reabsorb glucose into the blood from muscle cells; overall this helps to improve insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas.

  Reference: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv239

• Question 54:

  Select the class of Anti-diabetic medication that works in the specified organ to prevent hyperglycemia. Select all that applies. Liver (D)

  A. Sulfonylureas

  B. Alpha- Glucosidase Inhibitors

  C. DPP4 Inhibitors

  D. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists

  E. Thiazolidinediones

  F. Biguanide

  G. SGLT2 inhibitors

  Correct Answer: C

  DPP4 Inhibitors, (D)Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, (E)Thiazolidinediones (F)Biguanide Sulfonylureas work in beta cells in the pancreas that are still functioning to enhance insulin secretion. Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors stop - glucosidase enzymes in the small intestine and delay digestion and absorption of starch and disaccharides which lowers the levels of glucose after meals. DPP4 blocks the degradation ofGLP-1, GIP, and a variety of other peptides, including brain natriuretic peptide. Glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor agonists work in various organs of the body. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists enhance glucose homeostasis through: (i) stimulation of insulin secretion; (ii) inhibition of glucagon secretion; (iii) direct and indirect suppression of endogenous glucose production; (iv) suppression of appetite; (v) enhanced insulin sensitivity secondary to weight loss; (vi) delayed gastric emptying, resulting in decreased postprandial hyperglycaemia. Thiazolidinediones are the only true insulinsensitising agents, exerting their effects in skeletal and cardiac muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. It ameliorates insulin resistance, decreases visceral fat. Biguanides work in liver, muscle, adipose tissue via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) reduce hepatic glucose production. SGLT2 inhibitors work in the kidneys to inhibit sodium-glucose transport proteins to reabsorb glucose into the blood from muscle cells; overall this helps to improve insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas.

  Reference: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv239

• Question 55:

  Select the class of Anti-diabetic medication that works in the specified organ to prevent hyperglycemia. Select all that applies. Alpha cells in pancreases

  A. Sulfonylureas

  B. Alpha- Glucosidase Inhibitors

  C. DPP4 Inhibitors

  D. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists

  E. Thiazolidinediones

  F. Biguanide

  G. SGLT2 inhibitors

  Correct Answer: C

  DPP4 Inhibitors, D Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists Sulfonylureas work in beta cells in the pancreas that are still functioning to enhance insulin secretion. Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors stop glucosidase enzymes in the small intestine and delay digestion and absorption of starch and disaccharides which lowers the levels of glucose after meals. DPP4 blocks the degradation ofGLP-1, GIP, and a variety of other peptides, including brain natriuretic peptide. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists work in various organs of the body. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists enhance glucose homeostasis through: (i) stimulation of insulin secretion; (ii) inhibition of glucagon secretion; (iii) direct and indirect suppression of endogenous glucose production; (iv) suppression of appetite; (v) enhanced insulin sensitivity secondary to weight loss; (vi) delayed gastric emptying, resulting in decreased postprandial hyperglycaemia. Thiazolidinediones are the only true insulin-sensitising agents, exerting their effects in skeletal and cardiac muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. It ameliorates insulin resistance, decreases visceral fat. Biguanides work in liver, muscle, adipose tissue via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) reduce hepatic glucose production. SGLT2 inhibitors work in the kidneys to inhibit sodium-glucose transport proteins to reabsorb glucose into the blood from muscle cells; overall this helps to improve insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas.

  Reference: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv239

• Question 56:

  Select the class of Anti-diabetic medication that works in the specified organ to prevent hyperglycemia. Select all that applies. GI tract (B)

  A. Sulfonylureas

  B. Alpha- Glucosidase Inhibitors

  C. DPP4 Inhibitors

  D. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists

  E. Thiazolidinediones

  F. Biguanide

  G. SGLT2 inhibitors

  Correct Answer: D

  Sulfonylureas work in beta cells in the pancreas that are still functioning to enhance insulin secretion. Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors stop -glucosidase enzymes in the small intestine and delay digestion and absorption of starch and disaccharides which lowers the levels of glucose after meals. DPP4 blocks the degradation ofGLP-1, GIP, and a variety of other peptides, including brain natriuretic peptide. Glucagonlike peptide-1 receptor agonists work in various organs of the body. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists enhance glucose homeostasis through: (i) stimulation of insulin secretion; (ii) inhibition of glucagon secretion; (iii) direct and indirect suppression of endogenous glucose production; (iv) suppression of appetite; (v) enhanced insulin sensitivity secondary to weight loss; (vi) delayed gastric emptying, resulting in decreased postprandial hyperglycaemia.Thiazolidinediones are the only true insulinsensitising agents, exerting their effects in skeletaland cardiac muscle, liver,and adipose tissue. It ameliorates insulin resistance, decreases visceral fat.Biguanides work in liver, muscle, adipose tissue via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) reduce hepatic glucose production. SGLT2 inhibitors work in the kidneys to inhibit sodium-glucose transport proteins to reabsorb glucose into the blood from muscle cells; overall this helps to improve insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas.

• Question 57:

  Select the class of Anti-diabetic medication that works in the specified organ to prevent hyperglycemia. Select all that applies. Pancreases (A)

  A. Sulfonylureas

  B. Alpha- Glucosidase Inhibitors

  C. DPP4 Inhibitors

  D. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists

  E. Thiazolidinediones

  F. Biguanide

  G. SGLT2 inhibitors

  Correct Answer: D

  (A) Sulfonylureas, (C) DPP4 Inhibitors, (D) Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists Sulfonylureas work in beta cells in the pancreas that are still functioning to enhance insulin secretion. Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors stop -glucosidase enzymes in the small intestine and delay digestion and absorption of starch and disaccharides which lowers the levels of glucose after meals. DPP4 blocks the degradation ofGLP-1, GIP, and a variety of other peptides, including brain natriuretic peptide. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists work in various organs of the body. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists enhance glucose homeostasis through: (i) stimulation of insulin secretion; (ii) inhibition of glucagon secretion; (iii) direct and indirect suppression of endogenous glucose production; (iv) suppression of appetite; (v) enhanced insulin sensitivity secondary to weight loss; (vi) delayed gastric emptying, resulting in decreased postprandial hyperglycaemia.Thiazolidinediones are the only true insulin-sensitising agents, exerting their effects in skeletaland cardiac muscle, liver,and adipose tissue. It ameliorates insulin resistance, decreases visceral fat.Biguanides work in liver, muscle, adipose tissue via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) reduce hepatic glucose production. SGLT2 inhibitors work in the kidneys to inhibit sodium-glucose transport proteins to reabsorb glucose into the blood from muscle cells; overall this helps to improve insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas.

• Question 58:

  What vitamin should the a patient receive to avoid Wernicke- Korsakoff syndrome?

  A. Thiamine

  B. Cyanocobalamin

  C. Folic Acid

  D. Nicotinic Acid

  E. Magnesium

  Correct Answer: A

  Thiamine should be administered to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy.

  Reference: http://www.uptodate.com/contents/management-of-moderate-and-severe-alcohol-withdrawal-syndromes

• Question 59:

  Which of the following would be most appropriate to treat infections associated with stenotrophomonas maltophilia?

  A. Meropenem

  B. Vancomycin

  C. Ciprofloxacin

  D. Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

  E. Ampicillin

  Correct Answer: D

  Primary treatment for stenotrophomonas maltophilia is SMX-TMP. Meropenem, ciprofloxacin, Ampicillin and vancomycin have no coverage.

• Question 60:

  Proportion of people in a population who have a particular disease at a specified point in time or over a specified period of time is definition as which of the following?

  A. Incidence rate

  B. Prevalence rate

  C. Mortality rate

  D. Relative risk

  E. Odds ratio

  Correct Answer: B

  Incidence rate = New reported cases / summed person-years of observation (avg population during time interval) Prevalence = Cases in a population in a given time period / total population at that time.

  Reference: https://www.cdc.gov/ophss/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson3/section2.html http://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/research-methods/1a-epidemiology/numeratorsdenominators-populations