EC-COUNCIL ICS-SCADA Online Practice Questions and Exam Preparation

EC-COUNCIL ICS-SCADA Online Questions & Answers

• Question 31:

  What type of communication protocol does Modbus RTU use?

  A. UDP
  B. ICMP
  C. Serial
  D. SSTP
  C. Serial

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  Explanation

  Modbus RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) is a communication protocol based on a master-slave architecture that uses serial communication. It is one of the earliest communication protocols developed for devices connected over serial lines.

  Modbus RTU packets are transmitted in a binary format over serial lines such as RS-485 or RS-232.

  References:

  Modbus Organization, "MODBUS over Serial Line Specification and Implementation Guide V1.02".

• Question 32:

  Which of the following are NOT components of an ICS/SCADA network device?

  A. Low processing threshold
  B. Legacy systems
  C. High bandwidth networks
  D. Weak network stack
  C. High bandwidth networks

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  Explanation

  Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and SCADA networks typically operate in environments where the available bandwidth is limited. They are often characterized by:

  Low processing threshold: ICS/SCADA devices generally have limited processing capabilities due to their specialized and often legacy nature.

  Legacy systems: Many ICS/SCADA systems include older technology that might not support newer security protocols or high-speed data transfer.

  Weak network stack: These systems may have incomplete or less robust network stacks that can be susceptible to specific types of network attacks.

  High bandwidth networks are not typical of ICS/SCADA environments, as these systems do not usually require or support high-speed data transmission due to their operational requirements and the older technology often used in such

  environments.

  References:

  "Navigating the Challenges of Industrial Control Systems," by ISA-99 Industrial Automation and Control Systems Security.

  "Cybersecurity for Industrial Control Systems," by the Department of Homeland Security.

• Question 33:

  Which of the registrars contains the information for the domain owners in Europe?

  A. RIPENCC
  B. AFRINIC
  C. LACNIC
  D. ARIN
  A. RIPENCC

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  Explanation

  RIPENCC (Réseaux IP Européens Network Coordination Centre) is one of the five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) that allocate IP addresses and manage related resources within a specific region.

  Specifically, RIPENCC covers Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Central Asia.

  For domain owners, while the top-level domain (TLD) registrars handle domain registration, the information about IP allocations and related network infrastructure information in Europe is managed by RIPENCC.

  References

  RIPE Network Coordination Centre:https://www.ripe.net

  RIPE Documentation and Information: https://www.ripe.net/manage-ips-and-asns

• Question 34:

  A protocol analyzer that produces raw output is which of the following?

  A. tcpdump
  B. Wireshark
  C. Capsa
  D. Commview
  A. tcpdump

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  Explanation

  tcpdumpis a powerful command-line packet analyzer used primarily in UNIX and UNIX-like operating systems; it allows the capture and display of TCP/IP and other packets being transmitted or received over a network to which the computer

  is attached.

  Unlike graphical tools like Wireshark, tcpdump provides raw output of the packet captures directly to the terminal or a specified file, making it ideal for deep dive network analysis, especially in environments where a graphical user interface is

  unavailable.

  tcpdumpuses the libpcap library to capture packet data, which allows it to support a wide range of command-line options to filter and display packet information according to user needs.

  References:

  "tcpdump manual page," by the Tcpdump Group.

  "Practical Packet Analysis Using Wireshark to Solve Real-World Network Problems," by Chris Sanders, No Starch Press.

• Question 35:

  Which publication from NIST provides guidance on Industrial Control Systems?

  A. NIST SP 800-90
  B. NIST SP 800-82
  C. NIST SP 800-77
  D. NIST SP 800-44
  B. NIST SP 800-82

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  Explanation

  NIST Special Publication 800-82, "Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security," provides guidance on securing industrial control systems, including SCADA systems, distributed control systems (DCS), and other control system

  configurations such as programmable logic controllers (PLC). It offers practices and recommendations for protecting and securing ICS systems against disruptions, malicious activities, and other threats to their integrity and availability.

  References:

  National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), "Guide to Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security".

• Question 36:

  Which type of Intrusion Prevention System can monitor and validate encrypted data?

  A. Memory
  B. Network
  C. Host
  D. Anomaly
  B. Network

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  Explanation

  A Network Intrusion Prevention System (NIPS) is capable of monitoring and validating encrypted data if it is integrated with technologies that allow it to decrypt the traffic.

  Typically, network IPS can be set up with SSL/TLS decryption capabilities to inspect encrypted data as it traverses the network. This allows the IPS to analyze the content of encrypted packets and apply security policies accordingly.

  Monitoring encrypted traffic is critical in detecting hidden malware, unauthorized data exfiltration, and other security threats concealed within SSL/TLS encrypted sessions.

  References:

  "Network Security Technologies and Solutions," by Yusuf Bhaiji, Cisco Press. "Decrypting SSL/TLS Traffic with IPS," by Palo Alto Networks.

• Question 37:

  Which of the following are required functions of information management?

  A. All of these
  B. Date enrichment
  C. Normalization
  D. Correlation
  A. All of these

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  Explanation

  Information management within the context of network security involves several critical functions that ensure data is correctly handled for security operations. These functions include:

  Normalization: This process standardizes data formats from various sources to a common format, making it easier to analyze systematically.

  Correlation: This function identifies relationships between disparate pieces of data, helping to identify patterns or potential security incidents.

  Data enrichment: Adds context to the collected data, enhancing the information with additional details, such as threat intelligence.

  All these functions are essential to effective information management in security systems, allowing for more accurate monitoring and faster response to potential threats.

  References:

  "Data Enrichment and Correlation in SIEM Systems," Security Information Management Best Practices. "Normalization Techniques for Security Data," Journal of Network Security.

• Question 38:

  What is the size of the AH in bits with respect to width?

  A. 24
  B. 43
  C. 16
  D. 32
  D. 32

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  Explanation

  The Authentication Header (AH) in the context of IPsec has a fixed header portion of 24 bits and a mutable part that can vary, but when considering the fixed structure of the AH itself, the width is typically considered to be 32 bits at its core

  structure for basic operations in providing integrity and authentication, without confidentiality.

  References:

  RFC 4302, "IP Authentication Header".

• Question 39:

  Which of the following can be used to view entire copies of web sites?

  A. Wayback machine
  B. Google Cache
  C. Netcraft
  D. Bing offline
  A. Wayback machine

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  Explanation

  The Wayback Machine is an internet service provided by the Internet Archive that allows users to see archived versions of web pages across time, enabling them to browse past versions of a website as it appeared on specific dates.

  It captures and stores snapshots of web pages, making it an invaluable tool for accessing the historical state of a website or recovering content that has since been changed or deleted.

  Other options like Google Cache may also show snapshots of web pages, but the Wayback Machine is dedicated to this purpose and holds a vast archive of historical web data.

  References:

  Internet Archive:https://archive.org

  "Using the Wayback Machine," Internet Archive Help Center.

• Question 40:

  Which of the IEC 62443 Security Levels is identified by a cybercrime/hacker target?

  A. 4
  B. 3
  C. 1
  D. 2
  B. 3

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  Explanation

  IEC 62443 is an international series of standards on Industrial communication networks and system security, specifically related to Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS). Within the IEC 62443 standards, Security Level 3 is

  defined as protection against deliberate or specialized intrusion. It is designed to safeguard against threats from skilled attackers (cybercriminals or hackers) targeting specific processes or operations within the industrial control system.

  References:

  International Electrotechnical Commission, "IEC 62443 Standards".