Which of the following are the steps for multiplexing low-speed services into high-speed SDH services? (Choose three)
A. MappingWhich of the following is not a non-linear effect?
A. Self-phase modulation (SPM)The pointer is used for alignment and indicates the start position of VC-n in the corresponding AU or TU frame. In this way, the receive end can correctly remove the corresponding VC from the STM-N, and then split the VC and C encapsulation to separate low-rate signals, such as PDH. That is, low-rate tributary signals can be directly dropped from the STM-N signal.
A. TRUEOn the OSN series transport devices, Ethernet ports cannot access tagged frames and untagged frames at the same time.
A. TRUEIn the case of MSP, you need to set the MSP protocol ID of each NE. To ensure that each ID is unique, you are advised to set the MSP protocol ID to the same value as the NE ID.
A. TRUEThe OTUCn signal rate does not include the FEC overhead area.
A. TRUEIf the overhead bytes pass through the backplane bus between two slots, the two slots are called paired slots. Paired slots implement automatic transparent transmission of overhead bytes, such as (),(), and (). This improves MSP switching performance and protects DCC communication with other NEs even if the SCC board on the local NE is offline. (Choose three)
A. K byteAn MSTP ring requires Ethernet-based service protection.
A. Use ERPS (G.8032)Which of the following is not a basic component of a WDM system?
A. OMUAfter signals are transmitted for a certain distance in a WDM system, the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) at the receive end decreases to a certain extent. Which of the following is the main cause?
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