PMI CAPM PMI-100 Questions & Answers

• Question 461:

  Lessons learned documentation is gathered during which of the following Project Management Process Groups?

  A. Planning

  B. Executing

  C. Closing

  D. Initiating

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation:

  3.7 Closing Process Group The Closing Process Group consists of those processes performed to conclude all activities across all Project Management Process Groups to formally complete the project, phase, or contractual obligations. This Process Group, when completed, verifes that the defined processes are completed within all of the Process Groups to close the project or a project phase, as appropriate, and formally establishes that the project or project phase is complete. This Process Group also formally establishes the premature closure of the project. Prematurely closed projects may include, for example: aborted projects, cancelled projects, and projects having a critical situation. In specific cases, when some contracts cannot be formally closed (e.g. claims, termination clauses, etc.) or some activities are to be transferred to other organizational units, specific hand-over procedures may be arranged and finalized. At project or phase closure, the following may occur:

  Obtain acceptance by the customer or sponsor to formally close the project or phase,

  Conduct post-project or phase-end review,

  Record impacts of tailoring to any process,

  Document lessons learned,

  Apply appropriate updates to organizational process assets,

  Archive all relevant project documents in the project management information system (PMIS) to be used

  as historical data,

  Close out all procurement activities ensuring termination of all relevant agreements, and

  Perform team members’ assessments and release project resources.

• Question 462:

  Which of the following is an input to Control Scope?

  A. Project schedule

  B. Organizational process assets updates

  C. Project document updates D. Work performance information

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation:

  Process: 5.6 Control ScopeDefinition: The process of monitoring the status of the project and product scope and managing changes to the scope baseline. Key Benefit: The key benefit of this process is that it allows the scope baseline to be maintained throughout the project.

  Inputs

  1.

  Project management plan

  2.

  Requirements documentation

  3.

  Requirements traceability matrix

  4.

  Work performance data

  5.

  Organizational process assets

  Tools and Techniques

  1. Variance analysis

  Outputs

  1.

  Work performance information

  2.

  Change requests

  3.

  Project management plan updates

  4.

  Project documents updates

  5.

  Organizational process assets updates

• Question 463:

  Which of the following is an output of the Perform Integrated Change Control process?

  A. Project document updates

  B. Organizational process assets updates

  C. Change requests

  D. Deliverables

  Correct Answer: A

  Explanation:

  Process: 4.5 Perform Integrated Change ControlDefinition: Perform Integrated Change Control is the process of reviewing all change requests; approving changes and managing changes to deliverables, organizational process assets, project documents, and the project management plan; and communicating their disposition. It reviews all requests for changes or modifications to project documents, deliverables, baselines, or the project management plan and approves or rejects the changes. Key Benefit: The key benefit of this process is that it allows for documented changes within the project to be considered in an integrated fashion while reducing project risk, which often arises from changes made without consideration to the overall project objectives or plans.

  Inputs

  1.

  Project management plan

  2.

  Work performance reports

  3.

  Change requests

  4.

  Enterprise environmental factors

  5.

  Organizational process assets

  Tools and Techniques

  1.

  Expert judgment

  2.

  Meetings

  3.

  Change control tools

  Outputs

  1.

  Approved change requests

  2.

  Change log

  3.

  Project management plan updates

  4.

  Project documents updates

• Question 464:

  Which of the following Project Communication Management processes uses performance reports as an input?

  A. Manage Stakeholder Expectations

  B. Report Performance

  C. Distribute Information

  D. Plan Communications

  Correct Answer: C

• Question 465:

  Which cost estimate technique includes contingencies to account for cost uncertainty?

  A. Vendor bid analysis

  B. Three-point estimates

  C. Parametric estimating

  D. Reserve analysis

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation:

  6.5.2.6 Reserve Analysis

  Duration estimates may include contingency reserves, sometimes referred to as time reserves or buffers,

  into the project schedule to account for schedule uncertainty. Contingency reserves are the estimated

  duration within the schedule baseline, which is allocated for identified risks that are accepted and for which

  contingent or mitigation responses are developed. Contingency reserves are associated with the “knownunknowns,” which may be estimated to account for this unknown amount of rework.

  As more precise information about the project becomes available, the contingency reserve may be used,

  reduced, or eliminated. Contingency should be clearly identified in schedule documentation.

  [..]

  Estimates may also be produced for the amount of management reserve of time for the project.

  Management reserves are a specified amount of the project duration withheld for management control

  purposes and are reserved for unforeseen work that is within scope of the project. Management reserves

  are intended to address the “unknown-unknowns” that can affect a project. Management reserve is not

  included in the schedule baseline, but it is part of the overall project duration requirements. Depending on

  contract terms, use of management reserves may require a change to the schedule baseline.

• Question 466:

  The project manager needs to review the templates in use. The templates are part of the:

  A. Enterprise environmental factors.

  B. Historical information,

  C. Organizational process assets.

  D. Corporate knowledge base.

  Correct Answer: C

• Question 467:

  Which of the following reduces the probability of potential consequences of project risk events?

  A. Preventive action

  B. Risk management

  C. Corrective action

  D. Defect repair

  Correct Answer: A

  Explanation:

  4.3.3.3 Change Requests

  A change request is a formal proposal to modify any document, deliverable, or baseline. An approved change request will replace the associated document, deliverable, or baseline and may result in an update to other parts of the project management plan. When issues are found while project work is being performed, change requests are submitted, which may modify project policies or procedures, project scope, project cost or budget, project schedule, or project quality. Other change requests cover the needed preventive or corrective actions to forestall negative impact later in the project. Requests for a change can be direct or indirect, externally or internally initiated, and can be optional or legally/contractually mandated, and may include:

  Corrective action—An intentional activity that realigns the performance of the project work with the project management plan;

  Preventive action—An intentional activity that ensures the future performance of the project work is aligned with the project management plan;

  Defect repair—An intentional activity to modify a nonconforming product or product component;

  Updates—Changes to formally controlled project documents, plans, etc., to reflect modified or additional ideas or content.

• Question 468:

  When addressing roles and responsibilities, which item ensures that the staff has the skills required to complete project activities?

  A. Authority

  B. Role

  C. Competency

  D. Responsibility

  Correct Answer: C

• Question 469:

  Monte Carlo is which type of risk analysis technique?

  A. Probability

  B. Quantitative

  C. Qualitative

  D. Sensitivity

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation:

  Monte Carlo Simulation. A process which generates hundreds or thousands of probable performance

  outcomes based on probability distributions for cost and schedule on individual tasks. The outcomes are

  then used to generate a probability distribution for the project as a whole.

• Question 470:

  Which is the correct formula for calculating expected activity cost for three-point estimating?

  A. Ce = (C0 + 6Cm + Cp)/4

  B. Ce = (6C0 + Cm + Cp)/4

  C. Ce = (C0 + 4Cm + Cp)/6

  D. Ce = (C0 + C„, + 4Cp) /6

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation:

  6.5.2.4 Three-Point Estimating

  The accuracy of single-point activity duration estimates may be improved by considering estimation uncertainty and risk. This concept originated with the program evaluation and review technique (PERT). PERT uses three estimates to define an approximate range for an activity's duration:

  Most likely (tM). This estimate is based on the duration of the activity, given the resources likely to be assigned, their productivity, realistic expectations of availability for the activity, dependencies on other participants, and interruptions.

  Optimistic (tO). The activity duration based on analysis of the best-case scenario for the activity.

  Pessimistic (tP). The activity duration based on analysis of the worst-case scenario for the activity.

  Depending on the assumed distribution of values within the range of the three estimates the expected duration, tE, can be calculated using a formula. Two commonly used formulas are triangular and beta distributions. The formulas are:

  

  Triangular Distribution. tE = (tO + tM + tP) / 3 Beta Distribution (from the traditional PERT technique). tE = (tO + 4tM + tP) / 6

  Duration estimates based on three points with an assumed distribution provide an expected duration and clarify the range of uncertainty around the expected duration.