PMI CAPM PMI-100 Questions & Answers

• Question 131:

  Which tool or technique allows a large number of ideas to be classified into groups for review and analysis?

  A. Nominal group technique

  B. Idea/mind mapping

  C. Affinity diagram

  D. Brainstorming

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation:

  5.2.2.4 Group Creativity Techniques

  Several group activities can be organized to identify project and product requirements. Some of the group creativity techniques that can be used are:

  Brainstorming. A technique used to generate and collect multiple ideas related to project and product requirements. Although brainstorming by itself does not include voting or prioritization, it is often used with other group creativity techniques that do.

  Nominal group technique. A technique that enhances brainstorming with a voting process used to rank the most useful ideas for further brainstorming or for prioritization.

  Idea/mind mapping. A technique in which ideas created through individual brainstorming sessions are consolidated into a single map to reflect commonality and differences in understanding, and generate new ideas.

  

  Affinity diagram. A technique that allows large numbers of ideas to be classified into groups for review and analysis.

  Multicriteria decision analysis. A technique that utilizes a decision matrix to provide a systematic analytical approach for establishing criteria, such as risk levels, uncertainty, and valuation, to evaluate and rank many ideas.

• Question 132:

  A reward can only be effective if it is:

  A. Given immediately after the project is completed.

  B. Something that is tangible.

  C. Formally given during project performance appraisals.

  D. Satisfying a need valued by the individual.

  Correct Answer: D

• Question 133:

  When a backward pass is calculated from a schedule constraint that is later than the early finish date that has been calculated during a forward pass calculation, this causes which type of total float?

  A. Negative

  B. Zero

  C. Positive

  D. Free

  Correct Answer: C

• Question 134:

  The definition of when and how often the risk management processes will be performed throughout the project life cycle is included in which risk management plan component?

  A. Timing

  B. Methodology

  C. Risk categories

  D. Budgeting

  Correct Answer: A

  Explanation:

  11.1.3.1 Risk Management Plan

  The risk management plan is a component of the project management plan and describes how risk management activities will be structured and performed. The risk management plan includes the following:

  Methodology. Defines the approaches, tools, and data sources that will be used to perform risk management on the project.

  Roles and responsibilities. Defines the lead, support, and risk management team members for each type of activity in the risk management plan, and clarifes their responsibilities.

  Budgeting. Estimates funds needed, based on assigned resources, for inclusion in the cost baseline and establishes protocols for application of contingency and management reserves.

  Timing. Defines when and how often the risk management processes will be performed throughout the project life cycle, establishes protocols for application of schedule contingency reserves, and establishes risk management activities for inclusion in the project schedule.

• Question 135:

  Payback period, return on investment, internal rate of return, discounted cash flow, and net present value are all examples of:

  A. Expert judgment.

  B. Analytical techniques.

  C. Earned value management.

  D. Group decision-making techniques.

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation:

  7.1.2.2 Analytical Techniques

  Developing the cost management plan may involve choosing strategic options to fund the project such as:

  self-funding, funding with equity, or funding with debt. The cost management plan may also detail ways to

  finance project resources such as making, purchasing, renting, or leasing. These decisions, like other

  financial decisions affecting the project, may affect project schedule and/or risks.

  Organizational policies and procedures may influence which financial techniques are employed in these

  decisions. Techniques may include (but are not limited to): payback period, return on investment,

  internal rate of return, discounted cash flow, and net present value.

• Question 136:

  Which risk management strategy seeks to eliminate the uncertainty associated with a particular upside risk by ensuring that the opportunity is realized?

  A. Enhance

  B. Share

  C. Exploit

  D. Accept

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation:

  11.5.2.2 Strategies for Positive Risks or Opportunities Three of the four responses are suggested to deal with risks with potentially positive impacts on project objectives. The fourth strategy, accept, can be used for negative risks or threats as well as positive risks or opportunities. These strategies, described below, are to exploit, share, enhance, and accept.

  

  Exploit. The exploit strategy may be selected for risks with positive impacts where the organization wishes to ensure that the opportunity is realized. This strategy seeks to eliminate the uncertainty associated with a particular upside risk by ensuring the opportunity definitely happens. Examples of directly exploiting responses include assigning an organization's most talented resources to the project to reduce the time to completion or using new technologies or technology upgrades to reduce cost and duration required to realize project objectives.

  Enhance. The enhance strategy is used to increase the probability and/or the positive impacts of an opportunity. Identifying and maximizing key drivers of these positive-impact risks may increase the probability of their occurrence. Examples of enhancing opportunities include adding more resources to an activity to finish early.

  Share. Sharing a positive risk involves allocating some or all of the ownership of the opportunity to a third party who is best able to capture the opportunity for the beneft of the project. Examples of sharing actions include forming risk-sharing partnerships, teams, special-purpose companies, or joint ventures, which can be established with the express purpose of taking advantage of the opportunity so that all parties gain from their actions.

  Accept. Accepting an opportunity is being willing to take advantage of the opportunity if it arises, but not actively pursuing it.

• Question 137:

  Which process in Project Time Management includes reserve analysis as a tool or technique?

  A. Estimate Activity Resources

  B. Sequence Activities

  C. Estimate Activity Durations

  D. Develop Schedule

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation:

  Process: 6.5 Estimate Activity DurationsDefinition: The process of estimating the number of work periods needed to complete individual activities with estimated resources. Key Benefit: The key benefit of this process is that it provides the amount of time each activity will take to complete, which is a major input into the Develop Schedule process.

  Inputs

  1.

  Schedule management plan

  2.

  Activity list

  3.

  Activity attributes

  4.

  Activity resource requirements

  5.

  Resource calendars

  6.

  Project scope statement

  7.

  Risk register

  8.

  Resource breakdown structure

  9.

  Enterprise environmental factors 10.Organizational process assets

  Tools and Techniques

  1.

  Expert judgment

  2.

  Analogous estimating

  3.

  Parametric estimating

  4.

  Three-point estimating

  5.

  Group decision-making techniques

  6.

  Reserve analysis

  Outputs

  1.

  Activity duration estimates

  2.

  Project documents updates

  6.5.2.6 Reserve Analysis

  Duration estimates may include contingency reserves, sometimes referred to as time reserves or buffers,

  into the project schedule to account for schedule uncertainty. Contingency reserves are the estimated

  duration within the schedule baseline, which is allocated for identified risks that are accepted and for which

  contingent or mitigation responses are developed. Contingency reserves are associated with the “knownunknowns,” which may be estimated to account for this unknown amount of rework.

  As more precise information about the project becomes available, the contingency reserve may be used,

  reduced, or eliminated. Contingency should be clearly identified in schedule documentation.

  [..]

  Estimates may also be produced for the amount of management reserve of time for the project.

  Management reserves are a specified amount of the project duration withheld for management control

  purposes and are reserved for unforeseen work that is within scope of the project. Management reserves

  are intended to address the “unknown-unknowns” that can affect a project. Management reserve is not

  included in the schedule baseline, but it is part of the overall project duration requirements. Depending on

  contract terms, use of management reserves may require a change to the schedule baseline.

• Question 138:

  A project manager should document the escalation path for unresolved project risks in the:

  A. Change control plan

  B. Stakeholder register

  C. Risk log

  D. Communications management plan

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation:

  10.1.3.1 Communications Management Plan

  The communications management plan is a component of the project management plan that describes how project communications will be planned, structured, monitored, and controlled. The plan contains the following information:

  Stakeholder communication requirements;

  Information to be communicated, including language, format, content, and level of detail;

  Reason for the distribution of that information;

  Time frame and frequency for the distribution of required information and receipt of acknowledgment or response, if applicable;

  Person responsible for communicating the information;

  Person responsible for authorizing release of confidential information;

  Person or groups who will receive the information;

  Methods or technologies used to convey the information, such as memos, e-mail, and/or press releases;

  Resources allocated for communication activities, including time and budget;

  Escalation process identifying time frames and the management chain (names) for escalation of issues that cannot be resolved at a lower staff level;

  Method for updating and refining the communications management plan as the project progresses and develops;

  Glossary of common terminology;

  Flow charts of the information flow in the project, workflows with possible sequence of authorization, list of reports, and meeting plans, etc.; and

  Communication constraints usually derived from a specific legislation or regulation, technology, and organizational policies, etc.

  The communications management plan can also include guidelines and templates for project status meetings, project team meetings, e-meetings, and e-mail messages. The use of a project website and project management software can also be included if these are to be used in the project

• Question 139:

  An output of the Plan Quality Management process is:

  A. A process improvement plan.

  B. Quality control measurements.

  C. Work performance information.

  D. The project management plan.

  Correct Answer: A

  Explanation:

  Process: 8.1 Plan Quality ManagementDefinition: The process of identifying quality requirements and/or standards for the project and its deliverables and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with quality requirements and/ or standards. Key Benefit: The key benefit of this process is that it provides guidance and direction on how quality will be managed and validated throughout the project.

  Inputs

  1.

  Project management plan

  2.

  Stakeholder register

  3.

  Risk register

  4.

  Requirements documentation

  5.

  Enterprise environmental factors

  6.

  Organizational process assets

  Tools and Techniques

  1.

  Cost-benefit analysis

  2.

  Cost of quality

  3.

  Seven basic quality tools

  4.

  Benchmarking

  5.

  Design of experiments

  6.

  Statistical sampling

  7.

  Additional quality planning tools

  8.

  Meetings

  Outputs

  1.

  Quality management plan

  2.

  Process improvement plan

  3.

  Quality metrics

  4.

  Quality checklists

  5.

  Project documents updates

• Question 140:

  An example of a group decision-ma king technique is:

  A. Nominal group technique.

  B. Majority.

  C. Affinity diagram.

  D. Multi-criteria decision analysis.

  Correct Answer: B