During three 30-minute observations, Linda gouged her eye 8, 17, and 12 times, respectively. Each incident lasted between 1 and 3 seconds, with an average duration of 1.3 seconds. Which is the BEST dimension to continue to measure?
A. duration
B. inter-response time
C. latency
D. rate
Marvell is working on a new case with a student who refuses to attend school. Before deciding on a treatment plan, Marvell schedules interviews and observation sessions. This is an example of which assumption of behavior analysis?
A. determinism
B. empiricism
C. skepticism
D. parsimony
The behavior analyst reviews Sandra's data and concludes that her behavior is spontaneous; that is, it occurs randomly, and not as a result of any other event(s). Which of the assumptions underlying behavior analysis has been violated in this interpretation?
A. determinism
B. empiricism
C. philosophic doubt
D. parsimony
Which of the following is most likely an example of reinforcing consequences?
A. A company gives an annual bonus to its employees. Employees are happy.
B. Law enforcement officer gives a ticket to a speeder. Driver stops speeding.
C. Child loses a sticker each time they talk out in class. Rates of talking out decrease.
D. Student is sent to detention for fighting. Student is found in detention every week.
Behavior that can be directly observed only by the person behaving is calleD.
A. covert behavior.
B. overt behavior.
C. operant behavior.
D. respondent behavior.
A behavior analyst decides to replicate a published research project but finds that the information provided does not allow them to complete the project without more information from the author. The article violates which dimension of applied behavior analysis?
A. effective
B. ethical
C. conceptually systematic
D. technological
Three boys with autism, ages 710 years old, served as participants in a study. During baseline, staff used response blocking when five instances of aggression or head-banging occurred within 10 seconds, until attempts ceased for 1 minute.
During baseline and treatment, each occurrence of aggression and head- banging was recorded daily and converted to the number of responses per hour. Treatment comprised a differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)
schedule coupled with response blocking after every head-banging or aggression. The staff initially applied the treatment to head-banging, while continuing to take a baseline on aggression. After noting treatment effects on head-banging, the
staff then applied the treatment to aggression.
In this scenario, how was direct replication shown?
A. Baseline and intervention conditions were included.
B. A baseline condition was implemented.
C. A changing criterion design was used wherein the criterion for reinforcement was gradually changed over time.
D. The intervention was implemented in a staggered fashion across target behaviors after the initial baseline.
To change the occurrence of hitting others, two procedures were compareD. differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior and time-out. The outcomes were examined within and across subjects. A withdrawal design was employed. An independent variable in this study was:
A. aggression.
B. frequency across phase changes.
C. return to baseline.
D. time-out from reinforcement.
A narrative recording is used to clearly determine all of the following EXCEPT:
A. duration of a behavior.
B. function of a behavior.
C. presence of a particular behavior.
D. topography of undesirable behavior.
The systematic presentation and examination of information in an ABC format, where A represents the antecedent stimuli, B represents the behavior, and C represents the consequences following the behavior, is calleD.
A. a consequence analysis.
B. a functional analysis.
C. a response analysis.
D. a descriptive assessment.
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