Which action would MOST likely increase the effectiveness of a punisher?
A. Clearly explain the punishment consequences to the person whose behavior is targeted for reduction.
B. Discontinue reinforcement contingencies for the behavior targeted for reduction.
C. Ensure that the punisher fits the behavior targeted for reduction.
D. Remove attention for the behavior targeted for reduction.
Responses that are likely to allow access to new reinforcers or environments, produce generative behavior, and compete with inappropriate responses are calleD.
A. behavioral cusps.
B. component behaviors.
C. prerequisite behaviors.
D. normalized behaviors.
Amanda is evaluating the effects of video modeling on play skills. Her participants often show reactivity when they are observed. The BEST design to evaluate the video modeling is:
A. withdrawal.
B. multiple probe.
C. changing criterion.
D. alternating treatments.
Robert has been referred because he is losing significant amounts of weight due to refusal of most foods. What should the behavior analyst consider first?
A. possible medical conditions
B. meal content/texture of food
C. caloric content of preferred foods
D. ecological variables during mealtimes
A caregiver says, "Touch your nose." The child accurately touches his nose. The child's response is an example of a (n):
A. tact response.
B. echoic response.
C. listener response.
D. intraverbal response.
All of the following are examples of the use of setting events EXCEPT:
A. giving consumers choices of which tasks they would like to perform and which reinforcers they would like to receive.
B. moving activities to locations where maladaptive behaviors are highly unlikely to occur.
C. planning to ignore the target behavior within all environments.
D. prefacing hard tasks with easy tasks.
Deane's friend takes her to the mall every week. She frequently hugs people whom she does not know. The behavior analyst wants to use an intervention that includes reinforcement of appropriate behavior when Deane does something other than hugging. Which intervention would be MOST appropriate?
A. Teach her friend to provide reinforcement when Deane greets others appropriately.
B. The behavior analyst goes to the mall and gives tokens to Deane for appropriate interactions.
C. Teach her friend to hug Deane when she appropriately interacts with others.
D. Teach her friend to provide tokens for appropriate interactions.
Post-reinforcement pause is MOST characteristic of which schedule?
A. continuous reinforcement
B. fixed ratio
C. variable interval
D. variable ratio
When given free access to playing with blocks, crayons, and trucks, Jeff plays with blocks about 50% of the time, plays with crayons about 30% of the time, and plays with trucks the remaining 20% of the time. According to the Premack principle, which of the following is true?
A. Playing with trucks will serve as a reinforcer for playing with crayons.
B. Playing with trucks will serve as a reinforcer for playing with blocks.
C. Playing with crayons will serve as a reinforcer for playing with blocks.
D. Playing with crayons will serve as a reinforcer for playing with trucks.
When using time-out in a classroom, which concern is the MOST important to consider?
A. Escape behavior could be punished.
B. Removal from the classroom may decrease learning opportunities.
C. The limited potential for abuse of the technique.
D. The social validity of time-out.
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