CyberArk CyberArk Certifications SECRET-SEN Questions & Answers

• Question 41:

  You are setting up a Kubernetes integration with Conjur. With performance as the key deciding factor, namespace and service account will be used as identity characteristics.

  Which authentication method should you choose?

  A. JWT-based authentication

  B. Certificate-based authentication

  C. API key authentication

  D. Connect (OIDC) authentication

  Correct Answer: A

  According to the CyberArk Sentry Secrets Manager documentation, JWT- based authentication is the recommended method for authenticating Kubernetes pods with Conjur. JWT-based authentication uses JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) that are issued by the Kubernetes API server and signed by its private key. The JWTs contain the pod's namespace and service account as identity characteristics, which are verified by Conjur against a policy that defines the allowed namespaces and service accounts. JWT-based authentication is fast, scalable, and secure, as it does not require any additional certificates, secrets, or sidecars to be deployed on the pods. JWT-based authentication also supports rotation and revocation of the Kubernetes API server's private key, which enhances the security and resilience of the authentication process. Certificate-based authentication is another method for authenticating Kubernetes pods with Conjur, but it is not the best option for performance. Certificate-based authentication uses X.509 certificates that are generated by a Conjur CA service and injected into the pods as Kubernetes secrets. The certificates contain the pod's namespace and service account as identity characteristics, which are verified by Conjur against a policy that defines the allowed namespaces and service accounts. Certificate-based authentication is secure and reliable, but it requires more resources and steps to generate, inject, and manage the certificates and secrets. Certificate-based authentication also does not support rotation and revocation of the certificates, which may pose a security risk if the certificates are compromised or expired. API key authentication and Connect (OIDC) authentication are not valid methods for authenticating Kubernetes pods with Conjur. API key authentication is used for authenticating hosts, users, and applications that have a Conjur identity and an API key. Connect (OIDC) authentication is used for authenticating users and applications that have an OpenID Connect identity and a token. These methods are not suitable for Kubernetes pods, as they do not use the pod's namespace and service account as identity characteristics, and they require additional secrets or tokens to be stored and managed on the pods. References: = JWT Authenticator | CyberArk Docs; Certificate Authenticator | CyberArk Docs; API Key Authenticator | CyberArk Docs; Connect Authenticator | CyberArk Docs

• Question 42:

  You are diagnosing this log entry: From Conjur logs:

  

  Given these errors, which problem is causing the breakdown?

  A. The Jenkins certificate chain is not trusted by Conjur.

  B. The Conjur certificate chain is not trusted by Jenkins.

  C. The JWT sent by Jenkins does not match the Conjur host annotations.

  D. The Jenkins certificate is malformed and will not be trusted by Conjur.

  Correct Answer: A

  The log entry shows a failed authentication attempt with Conjur using the authn-jwt method. This method allows applications to authenticate with Conjur using JSON Web Tokens (JWTs) that are signed by a trusted identity provider. In this case, the application is Jenkins, which is a CI/CD tool that can integrate with Conjur using the Conjur Jenkins plugin. The plugin allows Jenkins to securely retrieve secrets from Conjur and inject them as environment variables into Jenkins pipelines or projects. The log entry indicates that the JWT sent by Jenkins was rejected by Conjur because of an SSL connection error. The error message says that the certificate chain of Jenkins could not be verified by Conjur, and that the certificate authority (CA) that signed the Jenkins certificate was unknown to Conjur. This means that the Jenkins certificate chain is not trusted by Conjur, and that Conjur does not have the CA certificate of Jenkins in its trust store. Therefore, Conjur cannot establish a secure and trusted connection with Jenkins, and cannot validate the JWT signature. To fix this problem, the Jenkins certificate chain needs to be trusted by Conjur. This can be done by copying the CA certificate of Jenkins to the Conjur server, and adding it to the Conjur trust store. The Conjur trust store is a directory that contains the CA certificates of the trusted identity providers for the authn-jwt method. The Conjur server also needs to be restarted for the changes to take effect. References: Conjur Jenkins Plugin; Conjur JWT Authentication; Conjur Trust Store

• Question 43:

  What is the correct command to import the root CA certificate into Conjur?

  A. docker exec evoke ca import --no-restart --root;

  B. docker exec evoke import --no-restart --root;

  C. docker exec evoke ca import --no-restart<;rootCA.ce>;

  D. docker exec ca import

  Correct Answer: C

  C. docker exec evoke ca import --no-restart

  This is the correct command to import the root CA certificate into Conjur. The evoke ca import command is used to import a certificate authority (CA) certificate into the Conjur appliance. The certificate can be either a root CA or an

  intermediate CA. The --no-restart option prevents the Conjur appliance from restarting after importing the certificate. The parameter specifies the path and name of the root CA certificate file to be imported. This command will

  add the root CA certificate to the trusted CA store of the Conjur appliance, which is used to validate the certificates of the clients and servers that communicate with Conjur. This command is documented in the Conjur documentation and the

  Conjur training course.

  The other options are not correct commands to import the root CA certificate into Conjur. The evoke import command does not exist.

  The --root option is not a valid option for the evoke ca import command. The ca import command is not a valid docker exec command.

• Question 44:

  While retrieving a secret through REST, the secret retrieval fails to find a matching secret. You know the secret onboarding process was completed, the secret is in the expected safe with the expected object name, and the CCP is able to provide secrets to other applications.

  What is the most likely cause for this issue?

  A. The application ID or Application Provider does not have the correct permissions on the safe.

  B. The client certificate fingerprint is not trusted.

  C. The service account running the application does not have the correct permissions on the safe.

  D. The OS user does not have the correct permissions on the safe

  Correct Answer: A

  The most likely cause for this issue is A. The application ID or Application Provider does not have the correct permissions on the safe. The CyberArk Central Credential Provider (CCP) is a web service that enables applications to retrieve secrets from the CyberArk Vault using REST API calls. The CCP requires an application ID or an Application Provider to authenticate and authorize the application before returning the requested secret. The application ID or Application Provider must have the Retrieve and List permissions on the safe where the secret is stored, otherwise the CCP will not be able to find the matching secret and will return an error. To resolve this issue, you should verify that the application ID or Application Provider has the correct permissions on the safe, and that the safe name and object name are correctly specified in the REST API call. You can use the CyberArk Privileged Access Security Web Access (PVWA) or the PrivateArk Client to check and modify the permissions on the safe. You can also use the CyberArk REST API Tester or a tool like Postman to test the REST API call and see the response from the CCP. For more information, refer to the following resources: Credential Providers - Centralized Credential Management | CyberArk, Section "Central Credential Provider" Credential Provider - CyberArk, Section "Using the Credential Provider" How to Build Your Secrets Management REST API's into Postman, Section "How to Build Your Secrets Management REST API's into Postman"

• Question 45:

  Refer to the exhibit.

  In which example will auto-failover occur?

  

  A. Option A

  B. Option B

  C. Option C

  D. Option D

  Correct Answer: C

  According to the CyberArk Sentry Secrets Manager documentation, auto- failover is a feature that enables the automatic promotion of a standby node to a leader node in case of a leader failure. Auto-failover requires a quorum, which is a majority of nodes in the cluster that are available and synchronized. A quorum ensures that only one node can be promoted to a leader at a time and prevents split-brain scenarios. In the exhibit, each option shows a network diagram of a load balancer and four nodes, one of which is crossed out with a red X, indicating a leader failure. The text below each diagram indicates whether there is a quorum or not. Option C is the only example where auto- failover will occur, because there is a quorum of three out of four nodes, and one of the standby nodes can be promoted to a leader. Option A will not have auto-failover, because there is no quorum, as only two out of four nodes are available. Option B will not have autofailover, because there is no quorum, as only one out of four nodes is available. Option D will not have auto-failover, because there is no quorum, as none of the nodes are available. References:

  1: Auto-failover

  2: Configure auto-failover

• Question 46:

  A Kubernetes application attempting to authenticate to the Follower load balancer receives this error:

  ERROR: 2024/10/30 06:07:08 authenticator.go:139: CAKC029E Received invalid response to certificate signing request. Reason: status code 401 When checking the logs, you see this message:

  authn-k8s/prd-cluster-01 is not enabled

  How do you remediate the issue?

  A. Check the info endpoint on each Follower behind the load balancer and enable the authenticator on the Follower.

  B. Modify conjur.conf in /opt/conjur/etc/authenticators addinqthe authenticator webservice.

  C. A network issue is preventing the application from reaching the Follower; correct the issue and verity that it is resolved.

  D. Enable the authenticator in the Ul > Webservices > Authenticators > Enable and enable the appropriate authenticator webservice.

  Correct Answer: B

  The error message indicates that the authenticator webservice is not enabled on the Conjur server. To enable the authenticator, you need to modify the conjur.conf file in the /opt/conjur/etc directory and add the authenticator webservice ID to the CONJUR_AUTHENTICATORS environment variable. For example, if the authenticator webservice ID is authn-k8s/prd-cluster-01, you need to add it to the existing value of CONJUR_AUTHENTICATORS, separated by a comma. Then, you need to restart the Conjur service for the changes to take effect. This will enable the authenticator on the Conjur server and allow the Kubernetes application to authenticate to the Follower load balancer. References: Enable the Authenticator Webservice, Configure the Authenticator Webservice

• Question 47:

  What does "Line of business (LOB)" represent?

  A. a business group requiring access to secrets from the Vault/Privilege Claud to facilitate syncing accounts to Conjur

  B. the services that Conjur offers and typically refers to a group of application identities in Conjur

  C. a business group that meets a certain set of Conjur policies for entitlements and policy management

  D. the services that Conjur offers and typically refers to the list of configured and enabled authenticators in Conjur

  Correct Answer: B

  Line of business (LOB) is a term used by CyberArk Secrets Manager to describe the services that Conjur offers and typically refers to a group of application identities in Conjur. A LOB can be defined by a Conjur policy that grants permissions and access to secrets for a specific set of applications. For example, a LOB can represent a business unit, a project, a product, or a team within an organization. A LOB can also have sub-LOBs that inherit the permissions and secrets from the parent LOB, but can also have their own specific policies and secrets. A LOB can help organize and manage secrets for different applications in a hierarchical and scalable way. References: CyberArk Secrets Manager - Line of Business; CyberArk Secrets Manager - Policy Management; CyberArk Secrets Manager - Application Identity Management

• Question 48:

  When installing the Vault Conjur Synchronizer, you see this error:

  Forbidden

  Logon Token is Empty ?Cannot logon

  Unauthorized

  What must you ensure to remediate the issue?

  A. This admin user must not be logged in to other sessions during the Vault Conjur Synchronizer installation process.

  B. You specified the correct url for Conjur and it is listed as a SAN on that url's certificate.

  C. You correctly URI encoded the url in the installation script.

  D. You ran powershell as Administrator and there is sufficient space on the server on which you are running the installation.

  Correct Answer: A

  This error occurs when the Vault Conjur Synchronizer installation script tries to log in to the Vault using the admin user credentials, but the admin user is already logged in to other sessions. The Vault has a limit on the number of concurrent sessions per user, and the default value is one. Therefore, the installation script fails to authenticate the admin user and returns the error message: Forbidden Logon Token is Empty - Cannot logon Unauthorized. To remediate the issue, the admin user must log out of any other sessions before running the installation script, or increase the limit on the number of concurrent sessions per user in the Vault configuration file12. References: = Troubleshoot CyberArk Vault Synchronizer 1, Error: Forbidden Logon Token is Empty - Cannot logon Unauthorized Vault.ini File Parameters 2, ConcurrentSessionsPerUser

• Question 49:

  DRAG DROP

  Match each cloud platform to the correct Conjur authenticator.

  Select and Place:

  

  Correct Answer:

  

  AWS -> authn-iam Azure -> authn-azure GCP -> authn-gcp JWT Provider -> authn-jwt Conjur supports different authenticators for different cloud platforms. Each authenticator allows a resource or service running on the cloud platform to authenticate to Conjur using a unique identity token signed by the cloud provider. The following are the descriptions of each authenticator: authn-iam: Enables an AWS resource to use its AWS IAM role to authenticate with Conjur. The resource sends a request to the AWS Security Token Service (STS) to get a signed AWS access token, and then sends the token to Conjur for verification. authn-azure: Enables an Azure resource to authenticate with Conjur. The resource sends a request to the Azure Instance Metadata Service (IMDS) to get a signed Azure access token, and then sends the token to Conjur for verification. authn-gcp: Enables a Google Cloud Platform resource to authenticate with Conjur. The resource sends a request to the Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM) service to get a signed Google identity token, and then sends the token to Conjur for verification. authn-jwt: Enables an application to authenticate to Conjur using a JWT from a JWT Provider. The application obtains a JWT from the JWT Provider, and then sends the JWT to Conjur for verification. References: You can find more information about the Conjur authenticators in the following resources: Supported Conjur Cloud authenticators Configure Conjur Cloud authenticators GCP Authenticator

• Question 50:

  DRAG DROP

  Arrange the manual failover configuration steps in the correct sequence.

  Select and Place:

  

  Correct Answer:

  

  In the event of a Leader failure, you can perform a manual failover to promote one of the Standbys to be the new Leader. The manual failover process consists of the following steps:

  Suspend replication for all Standbys and Followers and identify the best failover candidate. This step ensures that no data is lost or corrupted during the failover process. The best failover candidate is the Standby with the most advanced

  replication timeline, which means it has the most up-to-date data from the Leader. Promote the failover candidate to be the new Leader. This step changes the role of the failover candidate from a Standby to a Leader, and updates its

  configuration accordingly. The new Leader can now accept write requests from clients and replicate data to other nodes.

  Restore replication. This step re-establishes the replication connections between the new Leader and the other nodes, and rebases the replication of the other Standbys and Followers to the new Leader. This ensures that all nodes have the

  same data and are in sync with the new Leader.

  References: The manual failover configuration steps are explained in detail in the Configure Manual Failover section of the CyberArk Conjur Enterprise documentation. The image in the question is taken from the same source.