Google Google Certifications PROFESSIONAL-MACHINE-LEARNING-ENGINEER Questions & Answers

• Question 261:

  You are developing a recommendation engine for an online clothing store. The historical customer transaction data is stored in BigQuery and Cloud Storage. You need to perform exploratory data analysis (EDA), preprocessing and model training. You plan to rerun these EDA, preprocessing, and training steps as you experiment with different types of algorithms. You want to minimize the cost and development effort of running these steps as you experiment. How should you configure the environment?

  A. Create a Vertex AI Workbench user-managed notebook using the default VM instance, and use the %%bigquerv magic commands in Jupyter to query the tables.

  B. Create a Vertex AI Workbench managed notebook to browse and query the tables directly from the JupyterLab interface.

  C. Create a Vertex AI Workbench user-managed notebook on a Dataproc Hub, and use the %%bigquery magic commands in Jupyter to query the tables.

  D. Create a Vertex AI Workbench managed notebook on a Dataproc cluster, and use the spark-bigquery-connector to access the tables.

  Correct Answer: B

• Question 262:

  You recently deployed a model to a Vertex AI endpoint and set up online serving in Vertex AI Feature Store. You have configured a daily batch ingestion job to update your featurestore. During the batch ingestion jobs, you discover that CPU utilization is high in your featurestore's online serving nodes and that feature retrieval latency is high. You need to improve online serving performance during the daily batch ingestion. What should you do?

  A. Schedule an increase in the number of online serving nodes in your featurestore prior to the batch ingestion jobs

  B. Enable autoscaling of the online serving nodes in your featurestore

  C. Enable autoscaling for the prediction nodes of your DeployedModel in the Vertex AI endpoint

  D. Increase the worker_count in the ImportFeatureValues request of your batch ingestion job

  Correct Answer: B

• Question 263:

  You are developing a custom TensorFlow classification model based on tabular data. Your raw data is stored in BigQuery. contains hundreds of millions of rows, and includes both categorical and numerical features. You need to use a MaxMin scaler on some numerical features, and apply a one-hot encoding to some categorical features such as SKU names. Your model will be trained over multiple epochs. You want to minimize the effort and cost of your solution. What should you do?

  A. 1. Write a SQL query to create a separate lookup table to scale the numerical features.

  2.

  Deploy a TensorFlow-based model from Hugging Face to BigQuery to encode the text features.

  3.

  Feed the resulting BigQuery view into Vertex AI Training.

  B. 1. Use BigQuery to scale the numerical features.

  2.

  Feed the features into Vertex AI Training.

  3.

  Allow TensorFlow to perform the one-hot text encoding.

  C. 1. Use TFX components with Dataflow to encode the text features and scale the numerical features.

  2.

  Export results to Cloud Storage as TFRecords.

  3.

  Feed the data into Vertex AI Training.

  D. 1. Write a SQL query to create a separate lookup table to scale the numerical features.

  2.

  Perform the one-hot text encoding in BigQuery.

  3.

  Feed the resulting BigQuery view into Vertex AI Training.

  Correct Answer: C

• Question 264:

  You work for a retail company. You have been tasked with building a model to determine the probability of churn for each customer. You need the predictions to be interpretable so the results can be used to develop marketing campaigns that target at-risk customers. What should you do?

  A. Build a random forest regression model in a Vertex AI Workbench notebook instance. Configure the model to generate feature importances after the model is trained.

  B. Build an AutoML tabular regression model. Configure the model to generate explanations when it makes predictions.

  C. Build a custom TensorFlow neural network by using Vertex AI custom training. Configure the model to generate explanations when it makes predictions.

  D. Build a random forest classification model in a Vertex AI Workbench notebook instance. Configure the model to generate feature importances after the model is trained.

  Correct Answer: B

• Question 265:

  You work for a company that is developing an application to help users with meal planning. You want to use machine learning to scan a corpus of recipes and extract each ingredient (e.g., carrot, rice, pasta) and each kitchen cookware (e.g., bowl, pot, spoon) mentioned. Each recipe is saved in an unstructured text file. What should you do?

  A. Create a text dataset on Vertex AI for entity extraction Create two entities called “ingredient” and “cookware”, and label at least 200 examples of each entity. Train an AutoML entity extraction model to extract occurrences of these entity types. Evaluate performance on a holdout dataset.

  B. Create a multi-label text classification dataset on Vertex AI. Create a test dataset, and label each recipe that corresponds to its ingredients and cookware. Train a multi-class classification model. Evaluate the model's performance on a holdout dataset.

  C. Use the Entity Analysis method of the Natural Language API to extract the ingredients and cookware from each recipe. Evaluate the model's performance on a prelabeled dataset.

  D. Create a text dataset on Vertex AI for entity extraction. Create as many entities as there are different ingredients and cookware. Train an AutoML entity extraction model to extract those entities. Evaluate the model's performance on a holdout dataset.

  Correct Answer: A

• Question 266:

  You work for an organization that operates a streaming music service. You have a custom production model that is serving a “next song” recommendation based on a user's recent listening history. Your model is deployed on a Vertex AI endpoint. You recently retrained the same model by using fresh data. The model received positive test results offline. You now want to test the new model in production while minimizing complexity. What should you do?

  A. Create a new Vertex AI endpoint for the new model and deploy the new model to that new endpoint. Build a service to randomly send 5% of production traffic to the new endpoint. Monitor end-user metrics such as listening time. If end-user metrics improve between models over time, gradually increase the percentage of production traffic sent to the new endpoint.

  B. Capture incoming prediction requests in BigQuery. Create an experiment in Vertex AI Experiments. Run batch predictions for both models using the captured data. Use the user's selected song to compare the models performance side by side. If the new model's performance metrics are better than the previous model, deploy the new model to production.

  C. Deploy the new model to the existing Vertex AI endpoint. Use traffic splitting to send 5% of production traffic to the new model. Monitor end-user metrics, such as listening time. If end-user metrics improve between models over time, gradually increase the percentage of production traffic sent to the new model.

  D. Configure a model monitoring job for the existing Vertex AI endpoint. Configure the monitoring job to detect prediction drift and set a threshold for alerts. Update the model on the endpoint from the previous model to the new model. If you receive an alert of prediction drift, revert to the previous model.

  Correct Answer: C

• Question 267:

  You created a model that uses BigQuery ML to perform linear regression. You need to retrain the model on the cumulative data collected every week. You want to minimize the development effort and the scheduling cost. What should you do?

  A. Use BigQuery's scheduling service to run the model retraining query periodically.

  B. Create a pipeline in Vertex AI Pipelines that executes the retraining query, and use the Cloud Scheduler API to run the query weekly.

  C. Use Cloud Scheduler to trigger a Cloud Function every week that runs the query for retraining the model.

  D. Use the BigQuery API Connector and Cloud Scheduler to trigger Workflows every week that retrains the model.

  Correct Answer: A

• Question 268:

  You want to migrate a scikit-learn classifier model to TensorFlow. You plan to train the TensorFlow classifier model using the same training set that was used to train the scikit-learn model, and then compare the performances using a common test set. You want to use the Vertex AI Python SDK to manually log the evaluation metrics of each model and compare them based on their F1 scores and confusion matrices. How should you log the metrics?

  A. Use the aiplatform.log_classification_metrics function to log the F1 score, and use the aiplatform.log_metrics function to log the confusion matrix.

  B. Use the aiplatform.log_classification_metrics function to log the F1 score and the confusion matrix.

  C. Use the aiplatform.log_metrics function to log the F1 score and the confusion matrix.

  D. Use the aiplatform.log_metrics function to log the F1 score: and use the aiplatform.log_classification_metrics function to log the confusion matrix.

  Correct Answer: B

• Question 269:

  You are developing a model to help your company create more targeted online advertising campaigns. You need to create a dataset that you will use to train the model. You want to avoid creating or reinforcing unfair bias in the model. What should you do? (Choose two.)

  A. Include a comprehensive set of demographic features

  B. Include only the demographic groups that most frequently interact with advertisements

  C. Collect a random sample of production traffic to build the training dataset

  D. Collect a stratified sample of production traffic to build the training dataset

  E. Conduct fairness tests across sensitive categories and demographics on the trained model

  Correct Answer: E

• Question 270:

  You are developing an ML model in a Vertex AI Workbench notebook. You want to track artifacts and compare models during experimentation using different approaches. You need to rapidly and easily transition successful experiments to production as you iterate on your model implementation. What should you do?

  A. 1. Initialize the Vertex SDK with the name of your experiment. Log parameters and metrics for each experiment, and attach dataset and model artifacts as inputs and outputs to each execution.

  2. After a successful experiment create a Vertex AI pipeline.

  B. 1. Initialize the Vertex SDK with the name of your experiment. Log parameters and metrics for each experiment, save your dataset to a Cloud Storage bucket, and upload the models to Vertex AI Model Registry.

  2. After a successful experiment, create a Vertex AI pipeline.

  C. 1. Create a Vertex AI pipeline with parameters you want to track as arguments to your PipelineJob. Use the Metrics, Model, and Dataset artifact types from the Kubeflow Pipelines DSL as the inputs and outputs of the components in your pipeline.

  2. Associate the pipeline with your experiment when you submit the job.

  D. 1. Create a Vertex AI pipeline. Use the Dataset and Model artifact types from the Kubeflow Pipelines DSL as the inputs and outputs of the components in your pipeline.

  2. In your training component, use the Vertex AI SDK to create an experiment run. Configure the log_params and log_metrics functions to track parameters and metrics of your experiment.

  Correct Answer: A