The Open Group The Open Group Certifications OGEA-103 Questions & Answers

• Question 101:

  Please read this scenario prior to answering the question You have been appointed as Chief Enterprise Architect (CEA). reporting to the Chief Technical Officer (CTO), of a company established as a separate operating entity by a major automotive manufacturer. The mission of the company is to build a new industry leading unified technology and software platform for electric vehicles.

  The company uses the TOGAF Standard as the basis for its Enterprise Architecture (EA) framework, and architecture development follows the purpose-based EA Capability model as described in the TOGAF Series Guide: A Practitioners'Approach to Developing Enterprise Architecture Following The TOGAF ADM.

  An end-to-end Target Architecture has been completed with a roadmap for change over a five-year period. The new platform will be a cross-functional effort between hardware and software teams, with significant changes over the old platform. It is expected to be developed in several stages over three years. The EA team has inherited the architecture for the previous generation hardware and software automotive platform, some of which can be carried over to the new unified platform. The EA team has started to define the new platform, including defining which parts of the architecture to carry forward.

  Enough of the Business Architecture has been defined, so that work can commence on the Information Systems and Technology Architectures. Those need to be defined to support the core business services that the company plans to provide. The core services will feature an innovative approach with swarm data generated by vehicles, paving the way for autonomous driving in the future.

  The presentation and access to different variations of data that the company plans to offer through its platform pose an architecture challenge. The application portfolio and supporting infrastructure need to interact with various existing cloud services and data-

  Refer to the scenario

  You have been asked what approach should be taken to determine and organize the work to deliver the requested architectures?

  Based on the TOGAF standard which of the following is the best answer?

  A. You would look outside the enterprise to research data models and application portfolios of leading big data businesses. You would develop just enough applications, data, and technology architecture to identify options. For each project this should include identification of candidate architecture and solution building blocks. You will identify solution providers, perform a readiness assessment, and assess the viability and fitness of the solution options. You will then document the draft Implementation and Migration plan.

  B. You would refer to the end-to-end Target Architecture for guidance and direction. The first objective should be to identify projects, dependencies and synergies, then prioritize before initiating the projects. You will develop high-level architecture descriptions. For each project you would estimate effort size, identify reference architectures, and candidate building blocks. You will identify the resource needs considering cost and value. You will document options, risks, and controls to enable viability analysis and trade-off with the stakeholders.

  C. You will revisit ADM Phase A. identifying the stakeholders and creating a new Architecture Vision. You will update the Stakeholder map produced for the strategic architecture so it reflects the stakeholders who are now the most relevant to the projects that are to be developed. You would then ask the CTO to make some decisions about the Architecture Roadmap, and update the Implementation and Migration Plan to reflect the decisions.

  D. You will research leading data businesses, developing high-level Target Data, Application and Technology Architectures. You would review the Architecture Vision in order to estimate the level of detail, time, and breadth of the ADM cycle phases that will be needed to develop the architecture. You will identify and cost major work packages, and then develop an Architecture Roadmap. You would then seek approval by the Architecture Board and initiate the project.

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation: The Target Architecture is a description of the future state of the architecture that addresses the business goals and drivers, and satisfies the stakeholder requirements and concerns. The Target Architecture is developed through the Architecture Development Method (ADM), which is the core process of the TOGAF standard that guides the development and management of the enterprise architecture. The Target Architecture is typically divided into four domains: Business, Data, Application, and Technology. The Target Architecture also includes a roadmap for change, which defines the Transition Architectures, the Capability Increments, and the work packages that enable the transition from the Baseline Architecture to the Target Architecture12 The best answer is B, because it describes the approach that should be taken to determine and organize the work to deliver the requested architectures, which are the Information Systems and Technology Architectures. The answer covers the following steps: Refer to the end-to-end Target Architecture for guidance and direction. The end-to- end Target Architecture provides the overall vision, scope, and objectives of the architecture work, and the alignment with the business strategy and goals. The end-to-end Target Architecture also provides the high-level definitions and principles for the four architecture domains, and the roadmap for change that outlines the major milestones and deliverables. Identify projects, dependencies and synergies, then prioritize before initiating the projects. Projects are the units of work that implement the architecture work packages, which are the sets of actions or tasks that are required to implement a specific part of the architecture. Dependencies are the relationships and constraints that affect the order or priority of the projects, such as logical, temporal, or resource dependencies. Synergies are the benefits or advantages that result from the combination or coordination of the projects, such as cost savings, efficiency gains, or innovation opportunities. Prioritization is the process of ranking the projects according to their importance, urgency, or value, and assigning resources and schedules accordingly. Develop high-level architecture descriptions. High-level architecture descriptions are the outputs of the architecture development phases (B, C, and D) of the ADM cycle, which describe the Business, Data, Application, and Technology Architectures in terms of the Architecture Building Blocks (ABBs) and the Solution Building Blocks (SBBs), which are reusable components of business, IT, or architectural capability. High-level architecture descriptions also include the Architecture Views, which are representations of the system of interest from the perspective of one or more stakeholders and their concerns. For each project, estimate effort size, identify reference architectures, and candidate building blocks. Effort size is the measure of the amount of work, time, or resources required to complete a project. Effort size can be estimated using various techniques, such as analogy, expert judgment, parametric, or bottom-up. Reference architectures are standardized architectures that provide a common framework and vocabulary for a specific domain or industry. Reference architectures can be used as a source of best practices, patterns, and models for the architecture development. Candidate building blocks are the potential ABBs or SBBs that can be used to implement the architecture. Candidate building blocks can be identified from the Architecture Repository, which is a collection of architecture assets, such as models, patterns, principles, standards, and guidelines. Identify the resource needs considering cost and value. Resource needs are the specifications and criteria that define the acceptable level and quality of the resources required to complete the project, such as human, financial, physical, or technological resources. Resource needs can be identified by analyzing the scope, complexity, and dependencies of the project, and the availability, capability, and suitability of the resources. Cost and value are the factors that influence the allocation and utilization of the resources, such as the budget, the return on investment, the benefits, or the risks. Document options, risks, and controls to enable viability analysis and trade-off with the stakeholders. Options are the alternative ways of achieving the project objectives, such as different solutions, technologies, vendors, or approaches. Risks are the effects of uncertainty on the project objectives, such as threats or opportunities. Controls are the measures or actions that are taken to prevent, reduce, or mitigate the risks, such as policies, procedures, or standards. Viability analysis is the process of evaluating and comparing the options, risks, and controls, and determining the feasibility, suitability, and desirability of each option. Trade-off is the decision outcome that balances and reconciles the multiple, often conflicting, requirements and concerns of the stakeholders, and ensures alignment with the Architecture Vision and the Architecture Principles. References: 1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter

  5: Introduction to the ADM 2: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part IV: Architecture Content Framework, Chapter 36: Building Blocks : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 18:

  Phase A: Architecture Vision : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 19: Phase B: Business Architecture : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method

  (ADM), Chapter 20:

  Phase C: Information Systems Architectures : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II:

  Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 21: Phase F: Migration Planning : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 23:

  Architecture Principles : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 30: Trade-Off Analysis : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI:

  Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 46: Tools for Architecture Development : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 47:

  Architecture Board : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 48: Architecture Compliance : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 49:

  Architecture Contract : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 50:

  Architecture Governance : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 51: Architecture Maturity Models : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter

  52: Architecture Skills Framework

• Question 102:

  Please read this scenario prior to answering the question

  Your role is consultant to the Lead Architect within a multinational company that manufactures electronic components. The company has several manufacturing divisions located worldwide and a complex supply chain. After a recent study, senior management have stated a concern about business efficiency considering the company's multiple data centers and duplication of applications.

  The company has a mature Enterprise Architecture (EA) practice and uses the TOGAF architecture development method in its EA practice. In addition to the EA program, the company has several management frameworks in use, including

  business planning, project/portfolio management, and operations management. The EA program is sponsored by the CIO.

  A strategic architecture has been defined to improve the ability to meet customer demand and improve management of the supply chain. The strategic architecture includes the consolidation of multiple Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

  applications that have been operating independently in the divisions' production facilities.

  Each division has completed the Architecture Definition documentation to meet its own specific manufacturing requirements. The enterprise architects have defined a set of work packages that address the gaps identified. They have identified

  the value produced, effort required, and dependencies between work packages to reach a farget architecture that would integrate a new ERP environment into the company.

  Because of the risks posed by change from the current environment, the architects have recommended that a phased approach occurs to implement the target architecture with several transition states. The overall implementation process is

  estimated to take several years.

  Refer to the scenario

  You have been asked what the next steps are for the migration planning.

  Based on the TOGAF standard which of the following is the best answer?

  A. You conduct a series of Compliance Assessments to ensure that the architecture is being implemented according to the contract. The Compliance Assessment should verify that the implementation team is using the proper development methodology. It should include deployment of monitoring tools and ensure that performance targets are being met. If they are not met, then you would identify changes to performance requirements and update those in the Implementation and Migration Plan.

  B. You place the Architecture Definition Document under configuration control. This will ensure that the architecture remains relevant and responsive to the needs of the enterprise. You would identify the development resources to undertake the projects. You would then produce an Implementation Governance Model to manage the lessons learned prior to finalizing the plan. You recommend that lessons learned be applied as changes to the architecture without review.

  C. You estimate the business value for each project by applying the Business Value Assessment Technique to prioritize the implementation projects and project increments. The assessment should focus on return on investment and performance evaluation criteria that can be used to monitor the progress of the architecture transformation. You would confirm and plan a series of Transition Architecture phases using an Architecture Definition Increments Table that lists the projects.

  D. You assess how the Implementation and Migration plan impacts the other frameworks in use in the organization. Minimally, you ensure that the plan is coordinated with the business planning, project/portfolio management and operations management frameworks. You would then assign a business value to each work package, considering available resources and strategic fit. You then use the work packages to identify projects that will be in the Implementation and Migration Plan

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation: The Business Value Assessment Technique is a technique that can be used to estimate and compare the business value of the projects and project increments that implement the architecture work packages, which are the sets

  of actions or tasks that are required to implement a specific part of the architecture. The business value is the measure of the benefits or advantages that the project or project increment delivers to the business, such as increased revenue,

  reduced costs, improved quality, or enhanced customer satisfaction1

  The steps for applying the Business Value Assessment Technique are:

  Identify the criteria and factors that are relevant to the business value assessment, such as costs, benefits, risks, and opportunities. The criteria and factors should be aligned with the business goals and drivers that motivate the architecture

  work, and the stakeholder requirements and concerns that influence the architecture work.

  Assign weights and scores to the criteria and factors, using various methods, such as expert judgment, historical data, or analytical models. The weights and scores should reflect the importance and performance of the criteria and factors,

  and the trade-offs and preferences of the stakeholders.

  Calculate the business value for each project or project increment, using various techniques, such as net present value, return on investment, or balanced scorecard. The business value should indicate the expected or actual outcomes and

  impacts of the project or project increment on the business. Prioritize the implementation projects and project increments, based on the business value and other considerations, such as dependencies, resources, or risks. The prioritization

  should determine the order or sequence of the projects and project increments, and the allocation and utilization of the resources. Therefore, the best answer is C, because it describes the next steps for the migration planning, which are the

  activities that support the transition from the Baseline Architecture to the Target Architecture. The answer covers the Business Value Assessment Technique, which is relevant to the scenario.

  References: 1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 28: Business Value Assessment Technique : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM),

  Chapter 18: Phase A:

  Architecture Vision : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 21: Phase F: Migration Planning : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part IV: Architecture Content Framework, Chapter 36:

  Building Blocks

• Question 103:

  Please read this scenario prior to answering the question

  Your role is that of a consultant to the Lead Enterprise Architect to an international supplier of engineering services and automated manufacturing systems. It has three manufacturing plants where it assembles both standard and customized products for industrial production automation. Each of these plants has been operating its own planning and production scheduling systems, as well as applications and control systems that drive the automated production line.

  The Enterprise Architecture department has been operating for several years and has mature, well-developed architecture governance and development processes that are based on the TOGAF Standard. The CIO sponsors the Enterprise Architecture.

  During a recent management meeting, a senior Vice-President highlighted an interview where a competitor company's CIO is reported as saying that their production efficiency had been improved by replacing multiple planning and scheduling systems with a common Enterprise.

  Resource Planning (ERP) system located in a central data center. Some discussion followed, with the CIO responding that the situations are not comparable, and the current architecture is already optimized.

  In response, the Architecture Board approved a Request for Architecture Work covering the investigations to determine if such an architecture transformation would lead to improvements in efficiency. You have been assigned to support the architecture team working on this project.

  A well-known concern of the plant managers is about the security and reliability of driving their planning and production scheduling from a remote centralized system. Any chosen system would also need to support the current supply chain network consisting of local partners at each of the plants.

  Refer to the scenario

  You have been asked to explain how you will initiate the architecture project.

  Based on the TOGAF Standard, which of the following is the best answer?

  A. You would research vendor literature and conduct a series of briefings with vendors that are on the current approved supplier list. Based on the findings from the research, you would define a preliminary Architecture Vision including summary views, high-level requirements, and high-level definitions of the baseline and target environments from a business, information systems, and technology perspective. You would then use that to build consensus among the key stakeholders.

  B. You would conduct a pilot project that will enable vendors to demonstrate potential off-the-shelf solutions that address the concerns of the stakeholders. Running a pilot project will save time and money later in the process. Based on the findings of that pilot project, a complete set of requirements can then be developed that will drive the evolution of the architecture. Once the requirements are completed, a formal stakeholder review should be held, and permission sought to proceed to develop the target architecture.

  C. You would hold a series of interviews at each of the manufacturing plants using the business scenarios technique. This will allow you to understand the systems and integrations with local partners. You would use stakeholder analysis to identify key players in the engagement, and to understand their concerns. You will then identify and document the key high-level stakeholder requirements for the architecture. You will then generate high level definitions of the baseline and target architectures.

  D. You would develop baseline and target Architectures for each of the manufacturing plants, ensuring that the views corresponding to selected viewpoints address key concerns of the stakeholders. A business case, together with performance metrics and measures should be defined to ensure the architecture meets the business needs. A consolidated gap analysis between the architectures will then validate the approach and determine the capability increments needed to achieve the target state.

  Correct Answer: C

  The best answer is C. You would hold a series of interviews at each of the manufacturing plants using the business scenarios technique. This will allow you to understand the systems and integrations with local partners. You would use stakeholder analysis to identify key players in the engagement, and to understand their concerns. You will then identify and document the key high-level stakeholder requirements for the architecture. You will then generate high level definitions of the baseline and target architectures. This answer is based on the TOGAF standard, which recommends the following steps to initiate the architecture project1: Establish the architecture project Identify stakeholders, concerns, and business requirements Confirm and elaborate business goals, business drivers, and constraints Evaluate business capabilities Assess readiness for business transformation Define scope Confirm and elaborate Architecture Principles, including business principles Develop Architecture Vision Define the Target Architecture value propositions and KPIs Identify the business transformation risks and mitigation activities Secure stakeholder and sponsor approval The answer C covers most of these steps, by using the business scenarios technique to elicit and validate the business requirements, goals, drivers, and constraints, as well as the current and future states of the architecture2. The answer C also uses stakeholder analysis to identify and engage the key stakeholders, and to address their concerns and expectations3. The answer C also generates high level definitions of the baseline and target architectures, which can be used to develop the Architecture Vision and the value propositions4. The other answers are not the best approach for architecture development, because: Answer A focuses on researching vendor literature and conducting briefings with vendors, which is not the best way to understand the business needs and the current situation of the enterprise. Answer A also defines a preliminary Architecture Vision without involving the stakeholders or validating the requirements, which may lead to misalignment and lack of consensus. Answer B conducts a pilot project that will enable vendors to demonstrate potential solutions, which is premature and costly at this stage of the architecture project. Answer B also does not address the stakeholder concerns or the current systems and integrations, which may result in gaps and risks. Answer B also develops the requirements after the pilot project, which may not reflect the actual business needs and goals. Answer D develops baseline and target architectures for each of the manufacturing plants, which may not consider the enterprise-wide perspective and the potential benefits of a common ERP system. Answer D also does not involve the stakeholders or address their concerns, which may result in resistance and conflict. Answer D also does not define the business case or the performance metrics, which are essential for demonstrating the value and feasibility of the architecture. References: 1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Architecture Vision 2: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Business Scenarios 3: [The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Stakeholder Management] 4: [The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 Architecture Definition Document]

• Question 104:

  Please read this scenario prior to answering the question

  You have been appointed as senior architect working for an autonomous driving technology development company. The mission of the company is to build an industry leading unified technology and software platform to support connected cars and autonomous driving.

  The company uses the TOGAF Standard as the basis for its Enterprise Architecture (EA) framework. Architecture development within the company follows the purpose-based EA Capability model as described in the TOGAF Series Guide: A Practitioners'Approach to Developing Enterprise Architecture Following The TOGAF ADM. An architecture to support strategy has been completed defining a long-range Target Architecture with a roadmap spanning five years. This has identified the need for a portfolio of projects over the next two years. The portfolio includes development of travel assistance systems using swarm data from vehicles on the road.

  The current phase of architecture development is focused on the Business Architecture which needs to support the core travel assistance services that the company plans to provide. The core services will manage and process the swarm data generated by vehicles, paving the way for autonomous driving in the future.

  The presentation and access to different variations of data that the company plans to offer through its platform poses an architecture challenge. The application portfolio needs to interact securely with various third-party cloud services, and V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) service providers in many countries to be able to manage the data at scale. The security of V2X is a key concern for the stakeholders. Regulators have stated that the user's privacy be always protected, for example, so that the drivers' journey cannot be tracked or reconstructed by compiling data sent or received by the car.

  Refer to the scenario

  You have been asked to describe the risk and security considerations you would include in the current phase of the architecture development?

  Based on the TOGAF standard which of the following is the best answer?

  A. You will focus on the relationship with the third parties required for the travel assistance systems and define a trust framework. This will describe the relationship with each party. Digital certificates are a key part of the framework and will be used to create trust between parties. You will monitor legal and regulatory changes across all the countries to keep the trust framework in compliance.

  B. You will perform a qualitative risk assessment for the data assets exchanged with partners. This will deliver a set of priorities, high to medium to low, based on identified threats, the likelihood of occurrence, and the impact if it did occur. Using the priorities, you would then develop a Business Risk Model which will detail the risk strategy including classifications to determine what mitigation is enough.

  C. You will focus on data quality as it is a key factor in risk management. You will identify the datasets that need to be safeguarded. For each dataset, you will assign ownership and responsibility for the quality of data needs. A security classification will be defined and applied to each dataset. The dataset owner will then be able to authorize processes that are trusted for a certain activity on the dataset under certain circumstances.

  D. You will create a security domain model so that assets with the same level can be managed under one security policy. Since data is being shared across partners, you will establish a security federation to include them. This would include contractual arrangements, and a definition of the responsibility areas for the data exchanged, as well as security implications. You would undertake a risk assessment determining risks relevant to specific data assets.

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation: A security domain model is a technique that can be used to define the security requirements and policies for the architecture. A security domain is a grouping of assets that share a common level of security and trust. A security policy is a set of rules and procedures that govern the access and protection of the assets within a security domain. A security domain model can help to identify the security domains, the assets within each domain, the security policies for each domain, and the relationships and dependencies between the domains1 Since the data is being shared across partners, a security federation is needed to establish a trust relationship and a common security framework among the different parties. A security federation is a collection of security domains that have agreed to interoperate under a set of shared security policies and standards. A security federation can enable secure data exchange and collaboration across organizational boundaries, while preserving the autonomy and privacy of each party. A security federation requires contractual arrangements, and a definition of the responsibility areas for the data exchanged, as well as security implications2 A risk assessment is a process that identifies, analyzes, and evaluates the risks that may affect the architecture. A risk assessment can help to determine the likelihood and impact of the threats and vulnerabilities that may compromise the security and privacy of the data assets. A risk assessment can also help to prioritize and mitigate the risks, and to monitor and review the risk situation3 Therefore, the best answer is D, because it describes the risk and security considerations that would be included in the current phase of the architecture development, which is focused on the Business Architecture. The answer covers the security domain model, the security federation, and the risk assessment techniques that are relevant to the scenario. References: 1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 35: Security Architecture and the ADM 2: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part IV: Architecture Content Framework, Chapter 38: Security Architecture 3: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 32: Risk Management

• Question 105:

  Please read this scenario prior to answering the question

  You are the Lead Enterprise Architect at a major agribusiness company. The company's main harvest is lentils, a highly valued food grown worldwide. The lentil parasite, broomrape, has been an increasing concern for many years and is now becoming resistant to chemical controls. In addition, changes in climate favor the propagation and growth of the parasite. As a result, the parasite cannot realistically be exterminated, and it has become pandemic, with lentil yields falling globally.

  In response to the situation, the CEO has decided that the lentil fields will be used for another harvest. The company will also cease to process third-party lentils and will repurpose its processing plants. Thus, the target market will change, and the end-products will be different and more varied.

  The company has recently established an Enterprise Architecture practice based on the TOGAF standard as method and guiding framework. The CIO is the sponsor of the activity. A formal request for architecture change has been approved. At this stage there is no fixed scope, shared vision, or objectives.

  Refer to the scenario

  You have been asked to propose the best approach for architecture development to realize the CEO's change in direction for the company.

  Based on the TOGAF standard which of the following is the best answer?

  A. You propose that this engagement define the baseline Technology Architecture first in order to assess the current infrastructure capacity and capability for the company. Then the focus should be on transition planning and incremental architecture deployment. This will identify requirements to ensure that the projects are sequenced in an optimal fashion so as to realize the change.

  B. You propose that the team uses the architecture definition document and focus on architecture development starting simultaneously phases B, C and D. This is because the CEO has identified the need to change. This will ensure that the change can be defined in a structured manner and address the requirements needed to realize the change.

  C. You propose that the team focus on architecture definition including development of business models, with emphasis on defining the change parameters to support this new business strategy that the CEO has identified. Once understood, the team will be in the best position to identify the requirements, drivers, issues, and constraints for the change.

  D. You propose that the priority is to produce a new Request for Architecture Work leading to development of a new Architecture Vision. The trade-off method should be applied to identify and select an architecture satisfying the stakeholders. For an efficient change the EA team should be aligned with the organization's planning, budgeting, operational, and change processes.

  Correct Answer: D

  Explanation: A Request for Architecture Work is a document that describes the scope, approach, and expected outcomes of an architecture project. A Request for Architecture Work is usually initiated by the sponsor or client of the architecture work, and approved by the Architecture Board, which is a governance body that oversees the architecture work and ensures compliance with the architecture principles, standards, and goals. A Request for Architecture Work triggers a new cycle of the Architecture Development Method (ADM), which is the core process of the TOGAF standard that guides the development and management of the enterprise architecture12 An Architecture Vision is a high-level description of the desired outcomes and benefits of the proposed architecture. An Architecture Vision is the output of Phase A: Architecture Vision of the ADM cycle, which is the first phase of the architecture development. An Architecture Vision defines the scope and approach of the architecture work, and establishes the business goals and drivers that motivate the architecture work. An Architecture Vision also involves obtaining the approval and commitment of the sponsors and other key stakeholders, and initiating the Architecture Governance process3 A trade-off analysis is a technique that can be used to evaluate and compare different architecture alternatives and select the most suitable one. A trade-off analysis involves identifying the criteria and factors that are relevant to the decision, such as costs, benefits, risks, and opportunities, and assessing the strengths and weaknesses of each alternative. A trade-off analysis also involves balancing and reconciling the multiple, often conflicting, requirements and concerns of the stakeholders, and ensuring alignment with the Architecture Vision and the Architecture Principles. Therefore, the best answer is D, because it proposes the best approach for architecture development to realize the CEO's change in direction for the company. The answer covers the Request for Architecture Work, the Architecture Vision, and the trade-off analysis techniques that are relevant to the scenario. References: 1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 7: Request for Architecture Work 2: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part VI: Architecture Capability Framework, Chapter 50: Architecture Governance 3: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 18: Phase A: Architecture Vision : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 30: Trade-Off Analysis

• Question 106:

  Please read this scenario prior to answering the question

  You are working as the Chief Enterprise Architect within a law firm specializing in personal injury cases. Many of the firm's competitors have improved their litigation strategies, and efficiency by streamlining their processes using Artificial Intelligence {Al).

  The CIO has approved a Request for Architecture Work to examine the use of Machine Learning in defining a new Al-driven litigation and finance process for the firm. This process would instruct the lawyers and analysts as to what tasks and portfolio they should work on. The key objectives are to increase task profitability, maximize staff utilization, and increase individual profitability.

  The CIO has emphasized that the architecture should enable the fast implementation of continuous Machine Learning. The solution will need to be constantly measured for delivered value and be quickly iterated to success.

  Some of the partners have expressed concerns about letting the Al make the decisions, others about the risks associated with use of it for the type of service they deliver. The CIO wants to know if these concerns can be addressed, and how risks will be covered by a new architecture enabling Al and Machine Learning.

  Refer to the scenario

  You have been asked to respond to the CIO recommending an approach that would enable the development of an architecture that addresses the concerns of the CIO and the concerns of the partners.

  Based on the TOGAF standard which of the following is the best answer?

  A. You recommend that a Communications Plan be created to address the key stakeholders, the most powerful and influential partners. This plan should include a report that summarizes the key features of the architecture reflecting their requirements. You will check with each key stakeholder that their concerns are being addressed. Risk mitigation and agility will be explicitly addressed as a component of the architecture being developed.

  B. You recommend that an analysis of the stakeholders is undertaken resulting in documenting the stakeholders and their concerns in a Stakeholder Map. The concerns and relevant views should then be defined for each group and recorded in the Architecture Vision document. The requirements will include risk mitigation through regular assessments. This will also allow a supervised agile implementation of the continuous Machine Learning.

  C. You recommend that all possible models be created for each candidate architecture that will enable the Al and Machine Learning solution. This ensures that all the necessary data and detail is addressed. A formal review should be held with the stakeholders to verify that their concerns have been properly addressed by the models. Agility will be considered during Phase G Implementation Governance.

  D. You recommend creation of a set of business models that can be applied uniformly across all architecture projects. The stakeholders will be trained to understand the business models to ensure they can see that their concerns are being addressed. Risk will be addressed once the Security Architecture is developed, which will happen later to avoid slowing down the agility required by the CIO.

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation: A Stakeholder Map is a technique that can be used to identify and classify the stakeholders of the architecture work, and to document their key interests, requirements, and concerns. A stakeholder is any person, group, or organization that has a stake in the outcome of the architecture work, such as the sponsor, the client, the users, the suppliers, the regulators, or the competitors. A Stakeholder Map can help to understand the needs and expectations of the stakeholders, and to communicate and engage with them effectively1 The steps for creating a Stakeholder Map are: Identify the stakeholders of the architecture work, using various sources and methods, such as interviews, surveys, workshops, or existing documents. Classify the stakeholders according to their roles, responsibilities, and relationships, using various criteria and dimensions, such as power, influence, interest, attitude, or impact. Define the concerns and relevant views for each stakeholder group, using various techniques, such as business scenarios, use cases, or value propositions. A concern is a key interest or issue that is relevant to the stakeholder, such as a goal, a problem, a need, or a risk. A view is a representation of the system of interest from the perspective of one or more stakeholders and their concerns. Record the stakeholders and their concerns in a Stakeholder Map, which shows the mapping between the stakeholder groups, the concerns, and the views. The Stakeholder Map also shows the dependencies, assumptions, and issues related to each stakeholder and concern. Therefore, the best answer is B, because it recommends the approach that would enable the development of an architecture that addresses the concerns of the CIO and the partners, using the Stakeholder Map technique. The answer covers the following aspects: An analysis of the stakeholders is undertaken, which involves identifying, classifying, and defining the stakeholders and their concerns. The stakeholders and their concerns are documented in a Stakeholder Map, which provides a clear and comprehensive picture of the stakeholder landscape and their interests. The concerns and relevant views are recorded in the Architecture Vision document, which is the output of Phase A: Architecture Vision of the Architecture Development Method (ADM), which is the core process of the TOGAF standard that guides the development and management of the enterprise architecture. The Architecture Vision defines the scope and approach of the architecture work, and establishes the business goals and drivers that motivate the architecture work. The Architecture Vision also involves obtaining the approval and commitment of the sponsors and other key stakeholders, and initiating the Architecture Governance process2 The requirements include risk mitigation through regular assessments, which involves identifying, analyzing, and evaluating the risks that may affect the architecture, and determining the appropriate measures or actions to prevent, reduce, or mitigate the risks. Risk mitigation can also involve monitoring and reviewing the risk situation, and communicating and reporting the risk status and actions3 This approach also allows a supervised agile implementation of the continuous Machine Learning, which involves applying agile principles and practices to the architecture development and implementation, such as iterative and incremental delivery, frequent feedback, collaboration, and adaptation. A supervised agile implementation can help to ensure the quality, value, and alignment of the architecture, and to respond to the changing needs and expectations of the stakeholders. References: 1: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 24: Stakeholder Management 2: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part II: Architecture Development Method (ADM), Chapter 18: Phase

  A: Architecture Vision 3: The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 32: Risk Management : The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2, Part III: ADM Guidelines and Techniques, Chapter 29: Applying Iteration to the ADM

• Question 107:

  Please read this scenario prior to answering the question.

  Your role is that of a consultant to the Lead Enterprise Architect in a multinational automotive manufacturer. The company has a corporate strategy that focuses on electrification of its portfolio and it has invested heavily in a new shared car

  platform to use across all its brands. The company has four manufacturing facilities, one in North America two in Europe and one in Asia. A challenge that the company is facing is to scale up the number of vehicles coming off the production

  line to meet customer demand, while maintaining quality. There are significant supply chain shortages for electronic components, which are impacting production in response to this the company has taken on new suppliers and has also taken

  design and production of the battery pack in-house.

  The company has a mature Enterprise Architecture practice. The TOGAF standard is used for developing the process and systems used to design, manufacture, and test the battery pack. The Chief Information Officer and the Chief Operating

  Officer co-sponsor the Enterprise Architecture program.

  As part of putting the new battery pack into production adjustments to the assembly processes need to be made. A pilot project has been completed at a single location. The Chief Engineer, sponsor of the activity and the Architecture Board

  have approved the plan for implementation and migration at each plant.

  Draft Architecture Contracts have been developed that detail the work needed to implement and deploy the new processes for each location. The company mixes internal teams with a few third-party contractors at the locations. The Chief

  Engineer has expressed concern that the deployment will not be consistent and of acceptable quality.

  Refer to the scenario.

  The Lead Enterprise Architect has asked you to review the draft Architecture Contracts and recommend the best approach to address the Chief Engineer's concern.

  Based on the TOGAF Standard, which of the following is the best answer?

  A. For changes requested by an internal team, you recommend a memorandum of understanding between the Architecture Board and the implementation organization. For contracts issued to third-party contractors, you recommend that it is a fully enforceable legal contract. You recommend that the Architecture Board reviews all deviations from the Architecture Contract and considers whether to grant a dispensation to allow the implementation organization to customize the process to meet their local needs.

  B. You recommend that the Architecture Contracts be used to manage the architecture governance processes across the locations. You recommend deployment of monitoring tools to assess the performance of each completed battery pack at each location and develop change requirements if necessary. If a deviation from the contract is detected the Architecture Board should allow the Architecture Contract to be modified meet the local needs. In such cases they should issue a new Request for Architecture Work to implement a modification to the Architecture Definition.

  C. For changes undertaken by internal teams, you recommend a memorandum of understanding between the Architecture Board and the implementation organization. If a contract is issued to a contractor, you recommend that it is a fully enforceable legal contract. If a deviation from the Architecture Contract is found, you recommend that the Architecture Board grant a dispensation to allow the implementation organization to customize the process to meet their local needs.

  D. You review the contracts ensuring that they address project objectives, effectiveness metrics, acceptance criteria, and risk management. Third-party contracts must be legally enforceable. You recommend a schedule of compliance reviews at key points in the implementation process. You recommend that the Architecture Board reviews all deviations from the Architecture Contract and considers whether to grant a dispensation to allow the process to be customized for local needs.

  Correct Answer: D

• Question 108:

  Please read this scenario prior to answering the question

  You are the Chief Enterprise Architect at a large food service company specializing in sales to trade and wholesale, for example, restaurants and other food retailers.

  One of your company's competitors has launched a revolutionary product range and is running a very

  aggressive marketing campaign. Your company's resellers are successively announcing that they are not interested in your company's products and will sell your competitor's.

  The CEO has stated there must be significant change to address the situation. He has made it clear that

  new markets must be found for the company's products, and that the business needs to pivot, and address the retail market as well as the existing wholesale market.

  A consideration is the company's ability and willingness to change its business model, and if it is a temporary or permanent change. An additional risk factor is one of culture. The company has been used to a stable business with a

  reasonably well known and settled client base - all with its own local understandings and practices.

  The CEO is the sponsor of the EA program within the company. You have been engaged with the sales, logistics, production, and marketing teams, enabling the architecture activity to start. An Architecture Vision, Architecture Principles, and

  Requirements have all been agreed. As you move forward to develop a possible Target Architecture you have identified that some of the key stakeholders' preferences are incompatible. The incompatibilities are focused

  primarily on time-to-market, cost savings, and the need to bring out a fully featured product range, but there are additional factors.

  Refer to the scenario

  You have been asked how you will address the incompatibilities between key stakeholder preferences.

  Based on the TOGAF standard which of the following is the best answer?

  A. You would seek to understand value preferences and priorities of the stakeholders. You would develop alternative Target Architectures, highlighting the gaps between current state and the alternatives. You would consider combining features from one or more alternatives in collaboration with the stakeholders. A formal stakeholder review should then be held to decide which alternative is fit for purpose and should be moved forward with. You will then secure the funding required.

  B. You recommend that since the CEO has stated that the company must pivot, it is better to compromise on a full product range rather than time-to-market. You would develop just enough of the Target Architecture to demonstrate fitness of the proposed approach. You would limit the description to just where there is a gap between the current baseline. You would seek approval by the stakeholders to move forward with developing the Target Architecture in detail.

  C. You would use the Architecture Vision, Principles, and Requirements to define a set of criteria for alternatives and create a set of architecture views to illustrate the impact of the alternative Target Architectures. You would identify the impact on planned projects. You would understand the strengths and weaknesses of the alternatives. You would conduct a formal stakeholder review to decide which alternative to move forward with. You will determine the funding required.

  D. You would review the Stakeholder Map and ensure that you have addressed and represented the concerns of all department heads. You will involve them in resolving the incompatibilities. The Communications Plan should include a report that summarizes the key features of the architecture with and how incompatibilities were resolved to reflects the stakeholders' requirements. You will check with each key stakeholder they are satisfied with how the incompatibilities have been resolved.

  Correct Answer: C

  According to the TOGAF standard, the Target Architecture is the description of a future state of the architecture being developed for an organization. It should be aligned with the Architecture Vision, Principles, and Requirements that have

  been agreed with the stakeholders. To address the incompatibilities between key stakeholder preferences, the TOGAF standard recommends creating and evaluating multiple alternative Target Architectures that meet different sets of criteria.

  These criteria should reflect the value preferences and priorities of the stakeholders, as well as the business drivers and objectives. The alternative Target Architectures should be illustrated using a set of

  architecture views that show the impact of each alternative on the business, data, application, and technology domains. The impact on planned projects should also be identified and analyzed. The strengths and weaknesses of each

  alternative should be understood and documented. A formal stakeholder review should then be conducted to decide which alternative is the most fit for purpose and should be moved forward with. The funding required for implementing the

  chosen alternative should also be determined and secured.

  References:

  The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Phase B: Business Architecture - The Open Group

  The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Phase C: Information Systems Architectures - The Open Group

  [The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Phase D: Technology Architecture - The Open Group]

  [The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Phase E: Opportunities and Solutions - The Open Group]

  [The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 - Phase F: Migration Planning - The Open Group]