NCLEX NCLEX Certifications NCLEX-PN Questions & Answers

• Question 141:

  Which of the following microorganisms is easily transmitted from client to client on the hands of health care workers?

  A. mycobacterium tuberculosis

  B. clostridium tetani

  C. staphylococcus aureus

  D. human immunodeficiency virus

  Correct Answer: C

  Staphylococcus aureus microorganisms are ubiquitous and easily transmitted by health care workers who

  fail to conduct routine hand washing between clients.

  Tuberculosis is almost always transmitted by the airborne route, and tetanus usually results from exposure

  to dirt.

  HIV is a weak virus that does not live long outside the body.

• Question 142:

  Nurses should understand the chain of infection because it refers to __________.

  A. the linkages between various forms of microorganisms.

  B. the sequence required for transmission of disease.

  C. the clustering of bacteria in a specific pattern.

  D. increasing virulence patterns among species of microorganisms.

  Correct Answer: B

  Infection occurs in a predictable sequence requiring virulence, movement from a reservoir, and entry into a susceptible host.

• Question 143:

  A female prostitute enters a clinic for treatment of a sexually transmitted disease. This disease is the most prevalent STD in the United States.

  The nurse can anticipate that the woman has __________.

  A. herpes

  B. chlamydia

  C. gonorrhea

  D. syphilis

  Correct Answer: B

  Epidemiological studies indicate that chlamydia is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the United States.

• Question 144:

  Which of the following viruses is most likely to be acquired through casual contact with an infected individual?

  A. influenza virus

  B. herpes virus

  C. cytomegalovirus (CMV)

  D. human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

  Correct Answer: A

  Influenza virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets.

  Herpes virus is transmitted by direct contact, and HIV is transmitted through blood and body fluids.

  Cytomeglaovirus is an opportunistic infection.

• Question 145:

  The PN enters the patient's room and finds the patient unresponsive and not breathing. The PN determines that the scene is safe.

  What step should the PN take next?

  A. Apply AED pads.

  B. Administer oxygen via an ambu-bag.

  C. Begin chest compressions.

  D. Activate the emergency response system.

  Correct Answer: D

• Question 146:

  What is pica?

  A. dependency on alcohol

  B. increased iron in the diet

  C. the sickle cell trait

  D. eating ice

  Correct Answer: D

  Pica represents the ingestion of nonfood substances that leads to a clinical iron deficiency and might

  actually be the first sign of a problem.

  Clients eat a wide range of nonfood items, including ice, clay, dirt, and paste.

• Question 147:

  In alcoholics with anemia __________.

  A. pernicious anemia is more common than folic acid deficiency

  B. iron deficiency and folic acid deficiency can coexist

  C. the alcohol interferes with iron absorption

  D. oral vitamin replacement is contraindicated

  Correct Answer: B

  The ingestion of nonfood substances (alcohol) can lead to a clinical iron deficiency and might actually be

  the first sign of a problem.

  The client might substitute alcohol for a nutrition program that fosters a positive health habit.

• Question 148:

  A female client complains to the nurse at the health department that she has fatigue, shortness of breath, and lightheadedness. Her history reveals no significant medical problems. She states that she is always on a fad diet without any vitamin supplements.

  Which tests should the nurse expect the client to have first?

  A. peptic ulcer studies

  B. complete blood count, including hematocrit and hemoglobin

  C. genetic testing

  D. hemoglobin electrophoresis

  Correct Answer: B

  The initial tests to determine the basis for her symptoms (considering her fad dieting) should be a

  complete blood count, urinalysis, blood sugar, and other tests.

  The decision about further testing is then made based on these results, her history, and other factors.

• Question 149:

  Which of the following should be included in a diet rich in iron?

  A. peaches, eggs, beef

  B. cereals, kale, cheese

  C. red beans, enriched breads, squash

  D. legumes, green beans, eggs

  Correct Answer: A

  Home sources of iron that can be absorbed in the body include meat, poultry, and fish. In addition, these

  sources contain a factor that helps to enhance iron absorption of nonheme sources.

  Eating Vitamin C at the same time as iron sources also helps to promote iron absorption.

  High calcium intake in the diet promotes the absorption of iron because it helps to bind to phytates and

  thereby limits their effect.

• Question 150:

  Elderly persons with pernicious anemia should be instructed __________.

  A. to increase their dietary intake of foods high in B12

  B. that they do not need to return for follow-up for at least a month after initiation of treatment

  C. that oral B12 is safer and less expensive than parenteral replacement

  D. that diarrhea can be a transient side effect of B12 injections

  Correct Answer: D

  Pernicious anemia is a megaloblastic, macrocytic, normochronic anemia caused by a deficiency of the

  intrinsic factor produced by the stomach.

  This results in malabsorption of vitamin B12, which is necessary for DNA synthesis and maturation of

  RBC.

  Education should include side effects of Vitamin B12, which can include pain and burning at the injection

  site, peripheral vascular thrombosis, and transient diarrhea.