National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX-PN)

Medical records are restricted to only those who have a "need to know".
Student nurses caring for a particular patient have the "need to know" so they can properly care for their patient assignment. The Vice President for Nursing, as an administrator, who is investigating a patient fall also has a "need to know" because they are collecting data and information to prevent future falls.
Licensed practical nurses caring for a particular patient have the "need to know" so they can provide care to the patient; and the quality assurance nurse has the "need to know" because they are collecting data for
a performance improvement activity.
No nurse, including registered nurses, are allowed access to all or part of a patient's medical record unless they have a "need to know" because they are providing either direct or indirect care to the patient.

The principle of justice requires us to be fair and just to all.
Fidelity is being faithful to one's promises. By the very nature of the implicit nurse-client relationship, the nurse must be faithful and true to their professional promises and responsibilities by providing high quality, safe care in a competent, scientifically grounded manner while upholding the clients' choices, desires and innate rights.
Beneficence means doing good, it is more than not doing harm. Nonmaleficence is "Do not harm", as stated in the historical Hippocratic Oath. Patient self-determination and autonomy is the ethical principle that supports the patient's right to make their own choices without coercion or the undue influence of others.
Lastly, veracity is truthfulness and being honest with the patients.

Nursing assistants have an expanding role in many states. For example, some states permit nursing assistants to take ECGs, or EKGs, and to perform phlebotomy when they are given the necessary training and have been deemed competent to do so.
Only nurses assess; nursing assistants cannot assess the physical status of the patients.

The necessary elements of malpractice are a duty to the patient, a breach of duty, foreseeability, causation, and patient harm.
The breach of duty can be intentional or nonintentional.

Surgical asepsis is used when managing central line intravenous medication administration, when donning sterile gloves in the operating room and when inserting an indwelling Foley catheter. Medical asepsis, or clean technique, is used when bathing a neonate, when emptying a urinary drainage bag and when administering an intramuscular medication injection.

Kaposi's sarcoma, tuberculosis, toxoplasma gondii, mycobacterium avium, herpes simplex, histoplasmosis and salmonella infections are HIV/AIDS associated opportunistic infections. Although many affected patients can experience blindness and peripheral neuropathy, these disorders result from impaired nervous system damage rather than an infection. Lastly, Wilms' tumor is a pediatric form of kidney cancer and it is neither an infection nor something that typically affects the patient with HIV/AIDS.

The brachial pulse is the most accessible pulse on an infant and, therefore, it is the site of choice.
The carotid pulse may be difficult to palpate due to the fatty tissue that typically, and often, surrounds an infant's neck.
Lastly, the radial and pedal pulses may not be reliable indicators of cardiac function.

Patient teaching before surgery not only helps to reduce a patient's anxiety and postsurgical pain but it also decreases the amount of anesthesia needed and a lack of anxiety additionally speeds up wound healing. Preoperative checklists are a form of nursing documentation that is used to guide and document the care of the patient before surgery. Psychological counseling is typically NOT necessary except under highly unusual circumstances and preoperative medication can decrease the amount of anesthetic needed and respiratory tract secretions but it does not help with postoperative pain.

Information is smaller amounts is easier to retain.
Teaching the day before the procedure is best accomplished in a one on one format.

A straight line of pull is indicated with Buck's traction.