PECB ISO 27001 LEAD-IMPLEMENTER Questions & Answers

• Question 11:

  Scenario 5: Operaze is a small software development company that develops applications for various companies around the world. Recently, the company conducted a risk assessment to assess the information security risks that could arise

  from operating in a digital landscape. Using different testing methods, including penetration Resting and code review, the company identified some issues in its ICT systems, including improper user permissions, misconfigured security

  settings, and insecure network configurations. To resolve these issues and enhance information security, Operaze decided to implement an information security management system (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001.

  Considering that Operaze is a small company, the entire IT team was involved in the ISMS implementation project. Initially, the company analyzed the business requirements and the internal and external environment, identified its key

  processes and activities, and identified and analyzed the interested parties In addition, the top management of Operaze decided to Include most of the company's departments within the ISMS scope. The defined scope included the

  organizational and physical boundaries. The IT team drafted an information security policy and communicated it to all relevant interested parties In addition, other specific policies were developed to elaborate on security issues and the roles

  and responsibilities were assigned to all interested parties.

  Following that, the HR manager claimed that the paperwork created by ISMS does not justify its value and the implementation of the ISMS should be canceled However, the top management determined that this claim was invalid and

  organized an awareness session to explain the benefits of the ISMS to all interested parties.

  Operaze decided to migrate Its physical servers to their virtual servers on third-party infrastructure. The new cloud computing solution brought additional changes to the company Operaze's top management, on the other hand, aimed to not

  only implement an effective ISMS but also ensure the smooth running of the ISMS operations. In this situation, Operaze's top management concluded that the services of external experts were required to implement their information security

  strategies. The IT team, on the other hand, decided to initiate a change in the ISMS scope and implemented the required modifications to the processes of the company.

  Based on scenario 5. which committee should Operaze create to ensure the smooth running of the ISMS?

  A. Information security committee

  B. Management committee

  C. Operational committee

  Correct Answer: A

  Explanation: According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 5.1, the top management of an organization is responsible for ensuring the leadership and commitment for the ISMS. However, the top management may delegate some of its responsibilities to an information security committee, which is a group of people who oversee the ISMS and provide guidance and support for its implementation and operation. The information security committee may include representatives from different departments, functions, or levels of the organization, as well as external experts or consultants. The information security committee may have various roles and responsibilities, such as: Establishing the information security policy and objectives Approving the risk assessment and risk treatment methodology and criteria Reviewing and approving the risk assessment and risk treatment results and plans Monitoring and evaluating the performance and effectiveness of the ISMS Reviewing and approving the internal and external audit plans and reports Initiating and approving corrective and preventive actions Communicating and promoting the ISMS to all interested parties Ensuring the alignment of the ISMS with the strategic direction and objectives of the organization Ensuring the availability of resources and competencies for the ISMS Ensuring the continual improvement of the ISMS Therefore, in scenario 5, Operaze should create an information security committee to ensure the smooth running of the ISMS, as this committee would provide the necessary leadership, guidance, and support for the ISMS implementation and operation. References: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 5.1; PECB ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 4, slide 9.

• Question 12:

  Scenario 1: HealthGenic is a pediatric clinic that monitors the health and growth of individuals from infancy to early adulthood using a web-based medical software. The software is also used to schedule appointments, create customized medical reports, store patients' data and medical history, and communicate with all the [^involved parties, including parents, other physicians, and the medical laboratory staff.

  Last month, HealthGenic experienced a number of service interruptions due to the increased number of users accessing the software Another issue the company faced while using the software was the complicated user interface, which the untrained personnel found challenging to use.

  The top management of HealthGenic immediately informed the company that had developed the software about the issue. The software company fixed the issue; however, in the process of doing so, it modified some files that comprised sensitive information related to HealthGenic's patients. The modifications that were made resulted in incomplete and incorrect medical reports and, more importantly, invaded the patients' privacy.

  Based on scenario 1. what is a potential impact of the loss of integrity of information in HealthGenic?

  A. Disruption of operations and performance degradation

  B. Incomplete and incorrect medical reports

  C. Service interruptions and complicated user interface

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation: The loss of integrity of information in HealthGenic means that the information was modified or corrupted in an unauthorized or improper way, resulting in inaccurate, incomplete, or unreliable data. This can have a serious impact

  on the quality and safety of the medical services provided by HealthGenic, as well as the trust and satisfaction of the patients and their families. In particular, incomplete and incorrect medical reports can lead to:

  Misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis of the patients' conditions, which can affect their treatment and recovery.

  Prescription of wrong or inappropriate medications or dosages, which can cause adverse effects or interactions.

  Violation of the patients' privacy and confidentiality, which can expose them to identity theft, fraud, or discrimination.

  Legal liability and reputational damage for HealthGenic, which can result in lawsuits, fines, or loss of customers.

  Therefore, it is essential for HealthGenic to ensure the integrity of its information by implementing appropriate security controls and measures, such as encryption, authentication, backup, audit, and incident response.

  References:

  ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer Course Guide1

  ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer Info Kit2

  ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information Security Management Systems - Requirements3 ISO/IEC 27002:2022 Code of Practice for Information Security Controls4

• Question 13:

  Scenario 7: InfoSec is a multinational corporation headquartered in Boston, MA, which provides professional electronics, gaming, and entertainment services. After facing numerous information security incidents, InfoSec has decided to establish teams and implement measures to prevent potential incidents in the future

  Emma, Bob. and Anna were hired as the new members of InfoSec's information security team, which consists of a security architecture team, an incident response team (IRT) and a forensics team Emma's job is to create information security plans, policies, protocols, and training to prepare InfoSec to respond to incidents effectively Emma and Bob would be full- time employees of InfoSec, whereas Anna was contracted as an external consultant.

  Bob, a network expert, will deploy a screened subnet network architecture This architecture will isolate the demilitarized zone (OMZ) to which hosted public services are attached and InfoSec's publicly accessible resources from their private network Thus, InfoSec will be able to block potential attackers from causing unwanted events inside the company's network. Bob is also responsible for ensuring that a thorough evaluation of the nature of an unexpected event is conducted, including the details on how the event happened and what or whom it might affect.

  Anna will create records of the data, reviews, analysis, and reports in order to keep evidence for the purpose of disciplinary and legal action, and use them to prevent future incidents. To do the work accordingly, she should be aware of the company's information security incident management policy beforehand

  Among others, this policy specifies the type of records to be created, the place where they should be kept, and the format and content that specific record types should have.

  According to scenario 7, a demilitarized zone (DMZ) is deployed within InfoSec's network. What type of control has InfoSec implemented in this case?

  A. Detective

  B. Preventive

  C. Corrective

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation: A demilitarized zone (DMZ) is a network segment that separates the internal network from the external network, such as the Internet. It is used to host public services that need to be accessible from outside the organization, such as web servers, email servers, or DNS servers. A DMZ provides a layer of protection for the internal network by limiting the exposure of the public services and preventing unauthorized access from the external network. A DMZ is an example of a preventive control, which is a type of control that aims to prevent or deter the occurrence of an information security incident. Preventive controls reduce the likelihood of a threat exploiting a vulnerability and causing harm to the organization's information assets. Other examples of preventive controls are encryption, authentication, firewalls, antivirus software, and security awareness training. References: ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer Study Guide, Section 8.2.3.2.1, page ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer Info Kit, page 13 ISO/IEC 27002 : 2022, Section 13.1.3, page 66

• Question 14:

  Scenario 1: HealthGenic is a pediatric clinic that monitors the health and growth of individuals from infancy to early adulthood using a web-based medical software. The software is also used to schedule appointments, create customized medical reports, store patients' data and medical history, and communicate with all the [^involved parties, including parents, other physicians, and the medical laboratory staff.

  Last month, HealthGenic experienced a number of service interruptions due to the increased number of users accessing the software Another issue the company faced while using the software was the complicated user interface, which the untrained personnel found challenging to use.

  The top management of HealthGenic immediately informed the company that had developed the software about the issue. The software company fixed the issue; however, in the process of doing so, it modified some files that comprised sensitive information related to HealthGenic's patients. The modifications that were made resulted in incomplete and incorrect medical reports and, more importantly, invaded the patients' privacy.

  Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:

  Which of the following indicates that the confidentiality of information was compromised?

  A. Service interruptions due to the increased number of users

  B. Invasion of patients' privacy

  C. Modification of patients' medical reports

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation: Confidentiality of information is the property that information is not made available or disclosed to unauthorized individuals, entities, or processes. In other words, confidentiality ensures that only those who are authorized to

  access the information can do so. In the scenario, the confidentiality of information was compromised when the software company modified some files that contained sensitive information related to HealthGenic's patients. This modification

  resulted in the invasion of patients' privacy, which means that their personal and medical information was exposed to unauthorized parties. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

  References: : ISO/IEC 27001:2013, Information technology -- Security techniques -- Information security management systems -- Requirements, clause 3.14.

• Question 15:

  Scenario 8: SunDee is an American biopharmaceutical company, headquartered in California, the US. It specializes in developing novel human therapeutics, with a focus on cardiovascular diseases, oncology, bone health, and inflammation. The company has had an information security management system (ISMS) based on SO/IEC 27001 in place for the past two years. However, it has not monitored or measured the performance and effectiveness of its ISMS and conducted management reviews regularly

  Just before the recertification audit, the company decided to conduct an internal audit. It also asked most of their staff to compile the written individual reports of the past two years for their departments. This left the Production Department with less than the optimum workforce, which decreased the company's stock.

  Tessa was SunDee's internal auditor. With multiple reports written by 50 different employees, the internal audit process took much longer than planned, was very inconsistent, and had no qualitative measures whatsoever Tessa concluded that SunDee must evaluate the performance of the ISMS adequately. She defined SunDee's negligence of ISMS performance evaluation as a major nonconformity, so she wrote a nonconformity report including the description of the nonconformity, the audit findings, and recommendations. Additionally, Tessa created a new plan which would enable SunDee to resolve these issues and presented it to the top management

  How does SunDee's negligence affect the ISMS certificate? Refer to scenario 8.

  A. SunDee will renew the ISMS certificate, because it has conducted an Internal audit to evaluate the ISMS effectiveness

  B. SunDee might not be able to renew the ISMS certificate, because it has not conducted management reviews at planned intervals

  C. SunDee might not be able to renew the ISMS certificate, because the internal audit lasted longer than planned

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation: According to ISO/IEC 27001:2013, clause 9.3, the top management of an organization must review the ISMS at planned intervals to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness. The management review must consider the status of actions from previous management reviews, changes in external and internal issues, the performance and effectiveness of the ISMS, feedback from interested parties, results of risk assessment and treatment, and opportunities for continual improvement. The management review must also result in decisions and actions related to the ISMS policy and objectives, resources, risks and opportunities, and improvement. The management review is a critical process that demonstrates the commitment and involvement of the top management in the ISMS and its alignment with the strategic direction of the organization. The management review also provides input for the internal audit and the certification audit. SunDee has neglected to conduct management reviews regularly, which means that it has not fulfilled the requirement of clause 9.3. This is a major nonconformity that could jeopardize the renewal of the ISMS certificate. The certification body will verify whether SunDee has conducted management reviews and whether they have been effective and documented. If SunDee cannot provide evidence of management reviews, it will have to take corrective actions and undergo a follow-up audit before the certificate can be renewed. Alternatively, the certification body may decide to suspend or withdraw the certificate if SunDee fails to address the nonconformity within a specified time frame. References: ISO/IEC 27001:2013, Information technology -- Security techniques -- Information security management systems -- Requirements, clause 9.3 PECB, ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 9: Performance evaluation, measurement, and monitoring of an ISMS based on ISO/IEC 27001 PECB, ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Exam Preparation Guide, Section 9: Performance evaluation, measurement, and monitoring of an ISMS based on ISO/IEC 27001

• Question 16:

  Scenario 5: Operaze is a small software development company that develops applications for various companies around the world. Recently, the company conducted a risk assessment to assess the information security risks that could arise from operating in a digital landscape. Using different testing methods, including penetration Resting and code review, the company identified some issues in its ICT systems, including improper user permissions, misconfigured security settings, and insecure network configurations. To resolve these issues and enhance information security, Operaze decided to implement an information security management system (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001.

  Considering that Operaze is a small company, the entire IT team was involved in the ISMS implementation project. Initially, the company analyzed the business requirements and the internal and external environment, identified its key processes and activities, and identified and analyzed the interested parties In addition, the top management of Operaze decided to Include most of the company's departments within the ISMS scope. The defined scope included the organizational and physical boundaries. The IT team drafted an information security policy and communicated it to all relevant interested parties In addition, other specific policies were developed to elaborate on security issues and the roles and responsibilities were assigned to all interested parties.

  Following that, the HR manager claimed that the paperwork created by ISMS does not justify its value and the implementation of the ISMS should be canceled However, the top management determined that this claim was invalid and organized an awareness session to explain the benefits of the ISMS to all interested parties.

  Operaze decided to migrate Its physical servers to their virtual servers on third-party infrastructure. The new cloud computing solution brought additional changes to the company Operaze's top management, on the other hand, aimed to not only implement an effective ISMS but also ensure the smooth running of the ISMS operations. In this situation, Operaze's top management concluded that the services of external experts were required to implement their information security strategies. The IT team, on the other hand, decided to initiate a change in the ISMS scope and implemented the required modifications to the processes of the company.

  Based on scenario 5. after migrating to cloud. Operaze's IT team changed the ISMS scope and implemented all the required modifications Is this acceptable?

  A. Yes, because the ISMS scope should be changed when there are changes to the external environment

  B. No, because the company has already defined the ISMS scope

  C. No, because any change in ISMS scope should be accepted by the management

  Correct Answer: C

  Explanation: According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 4.3, the organization shall determine the scope of the ISMS by considering the internal and external issues, the requirements of interested parties, and the interfaces and dependencies with other organizations. The scope shall be available as documented information and shall state what is included and what is excluded from the ISMS. The scope shall be reviewed and updated as necessary, and any changes shall be approved by the top management. Therefore, it is not acceptable for the IT team to change the ISMS scope and implement the required modifications without the approval of the management. References: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 4.3; PECB ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 4, slide 10.

• Question 17:

  Scenario 6: Skyver offers worldwide shipping of electronic products, including gaming consoles, flat-screen TVs. computers, and printers. In order to ensure information security, the company has decided to implement an information security management system (ISMS) based on the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001.

  Colin, the company's best information security expert, decided to hold a training and awareness session for the personnel of the company regarding the information security challenges and other information security-related controls. The session included topics such as Skyver's information security approaches and techniques for mitigating phishing and malware.

  One of the participants in the session is Lisa, who works in the HR Department. Although Colin explains the existing Skyver's information security policies and procedures in an honest and fair manner, she finds some of the issues being discussed too technical and does not fully understand the session. Therefore, in a lot of cases, she requests additional help from the trainer and her colleagues

  Based on scenario 6. when should Colin deliver the next training and awareness session?

  A. After he ensures that the group of employees targeted have satisfied the organization's needs

  B. After he conducts a competence needs analysis and records the competence related issues

  C. After he determines the employees' availability and motivation

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation: According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 7.2.3, the organization shall conduct a competence needs analysis to determine the necessary competence of persons doing work under its control that affects the performance and effectiveness of the ISMS. The organization shall also evaluate the effectiveness of the actions taken to acquire the necessary competence and retain appropriate documented information as evidence of competence. Therefore, Colin should deliver the next training and awareness session after he conducts a competence needs analysis and records the competence related issues, such as the level of understanding, the gaps in knowledge, and the feedback from the participants. References: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 7.2.3; PECB ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 7, slide 8.

• Question 18:

  Scenario 10: NetworkFuse develops, manufactures, and sells network hardware. The company has had an operational information security management system (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001 requirements and a quality management system (QMS) based on ISO 9001 for approximately two years. Recently, it has applied for a j^ombined certification audit in order to obtain certification against ISO/IEC 27001 and ISO 9001.

  After selecting the certification body, NetworkFuse prepared the employees for the audit The company decided to not conduct a self-evaluation before the audit since, according to the top management, it was not necessary. In addition, it ensured the availability of documented information, including internal audit reports and management reviews, technologies in place, and the general operations of the ISMS and the QMS. However, the company requested from the certification body that the documentation could not be carried off-site

  However, the audit was not performed within the scheduled days because NetworkFuse rejected the audit team leader assigned and requested their replacement The company asserted that the same audit team leader issued a recommendation for certification to its main competitor, which, for the company's top management, was a potential conflict of interest. The request was not accepted by the certification body

  Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:

  Does NetworkFuse fulfill the prerequisites for a certification audit?

  A. Yes, because the certification body has been selected

  B. Yes, because internal audits and management reviews have been performed

  C. Yes, because the ISMS must be operational for at least one year prior to the certification audit

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation: According to ISO/IEC 27006:2015, the prerequisites for a certification audit are:

  The ISMS must be operational for a period of time that is sufficient to demonstrate its effectiveness and performance.

  The organization must have conducted at least one internal audit and one management review of the ISMS prior to the certification audit. The organization must provide the certification body with access to all the relevant documented

  information, records, personnel, and facilities related to the ISMS. In the scenario, NetworkFuse has fulfilled these prerequisites, as it has had an operational ISMS for approximately two years, and it has performed internal audits and

  management reviews. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

  References: ISO/IEC 27006:2015, clauses 9.1.1, 9.1.2, and 9.2.1.

• Question 19:

  What is the main purpose of Annex A 7.1 Physical security perimeters of ISO/IEC 27001?

  A. To prevent unauthorized physical access, damage, and interference to the organization's information and other associated assets

  B. To maintain the confidentiality of information that is accessible by personnel or external parties

  C. To ensure access to information and other associated assets is defined and authorized

  Correct Answer: A

  Explanation: Annex A 7.1 of ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 is a control that requires an organization to define and implement security perimeters and use them to protect areas that contain information and other associated assets. Information and information security assets can include data, infrastructure, software, hardware, and personnel. The main purpose of this control is to prevent unauthorized physical access, damage, and interference to these assets, which could compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the information. Physical security perimeters can include fences, walls, gates, locks, alarms, cameras, and other barriers or devices that restrict or monitor access to the facility or area. The organization should also consider the environmental and fire protection of the assets, as well as the disposal of any waste or media that could contain sensitive information. References: ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer Study Guide, Section 5.3.1.7, page 101 ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer Info Kit, page 17 ISO/IEC 27002 : 2022, Control 7.1 ?Physical Security Perimeters123

• Question 20:

  Scenario 1: HealthGenic is a pediatric clinic that monitors the health and growth of individuals from infancy to early adulthood using a web-based medical software. The software is also used to schedule appointments, create customized medical reports, store patients' data and medical history, and communicate with all the [^involved parties, including parents, other physicians, and the medical laboratory staff.

  Last month, HealthGenic experienced a number of service interruptions due to the increased number of users accessing the software Another issue the company faced while using the software was the complicated user interface, which the untrained personnel found challenging to use.

  The top management of HealthGenic immediately informed the company that had developed the software about the issue. The software company fixed the issue; however, in the process of doing so, it modified some files that comprised sensitive information related to HealthGenic's patients. The modifications that were made resulted in incomplete and incorrect medical reports and, more importantly, invaded the patients' privacy.

  In scenario 1, HealthGenic experienced a number of service interruptions due to the loss of functionality of the software. Which principle of information security has been affected in this case?

  A. Availability

  B. Confidentiality

  C. Integrity

  Correct Answer: A

  Explanation: Availability of information is the property of being accessible and usable upon demand by an authorized entity. In other words, availability ensures that the information and the systems that support it are always ready for use when needed. In the scenario, the availability of information was affected when HealthGenic experienced a number of service interruptions due to the increased number of users accessing the software. This means that the software was not able to handle the demand and provide the required functionality to the users. Therefore, the correct answer is A. References: ISO/IEC 27001:2013, Information technology -- Security techniques -- Information security management systems -Requirements, clause 3.13.