Read the following passage and answer the question.
DID CESAR CHAVEZ ADVANCE WORKERS’ RIGHTS?
César Estrada Chávez (1927–1993) was an American farm worker, labor leader, and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association, which later became the United Farm Workers (UFW).
A Mexican American, Chávez became the best known Latino civil rights activist, and was strongly promoted by the American labor movement, which was eager to enroll Hispanic members. His public-relations approach to unionism and aggressive but nonviolent tactics made the farm workers' struggle a moral cause with nationwide support. By the late 1970s, his tactics had forced growers to recognize the UFW as the bargaining agent for 50,000 field workers in California and Florida. However, by the mid1980s membership in the UFW had dwindled to around 15,000.
Chavez was a charismatic, gifted speaker who inspired Latinos to band together and devote themselves to the farmworkers' movement. Claiming as his models Emiliano Zapata, Gandhi, Nehru, and Martin Luther King, he called on his people to "Make a solemn promise: to enjoy our rightful part of the riches of this land, to throw off the yoke of being considered as agricultural implements or slaves. We are free men and we demand justice."
After his death he became a major historical icon for the Latino community, and for liberals generally, symbolizing militant support for workers and for Hispanic power based on grass roots organizing and his slogan "Sí, se puede" (Spanish for "Yes, it is possible" or, roughly, "Yes, it can be done"). His supporters say his work led to numerous improvements for union laborers. His birthday has become César Chávez Day, a state holiday in eight US states. Many parks, cultural centers, libraries, schools, and streets have been named in his honor in cities across the United States.
Based on this excerpt, which aspect of Cesar Chavez did NOT help him organize Hispanic farm workers?
A. He was a charismatic and gifted speaker
B. He understood the power of Public Relations
C. He was supported by the American labor movement
D. He had worked as a farm worker
E. He grew up during the Great Depression
Read the following passage and answer the question.
DID CESAR CHAVEZ ADVANCE WORKERS’ RIGHTS?
César Estrada Chávez (1927–1993) was an American farm worker, labor leader, and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association, which later became the United Farm Workers (UFW).
A Mexican American, Chávez became the best known Latino civil rights activist, and was strongly promoted by the American labor movement, which was eager to enroll Hispanic members. His public-relations approach to unionism and aggressive but nonviolent tactics made the farm workers' struggle a moral cause with nationwide support. By the late 1970s, his tactics had forced growers to recognize the UFW as the bargaining agent for 50,000 field workers in California and Florida. However, by the mid1980s membership in the UFW had dwindled to around 15,000.
Chavez was a charismatic, gifted speaker who inspired Latinos to band together and devote themselves to the farmworkers' movement. Claiming as his models Emiliano Zapata, Gandhi, Nehru, and Martin Luther King, he called on his people to "Make a solemn promise: to enjoy our rightful part of the riches of this land, to throw off the yoke of being considered as agricultural implements or slaves. We are free men and we demand justice."
After his death he became a major historical icon for the Latino community, and for liberals generally, symbolizing militant support for workers and for Hispanic power based on grass roots organizing and his slogan "Sí, se puede" (Spanish for "Yes, it is possible" or, roughly, "Yes, it can be done"). His supporters say his work led to numerous improvements for union laborers. His birthday has become César Chávez Day, a state holiday in eight US states. Many parks, cultural centers, libraries, schools, and streets have been named in his honor in cities across the United States.
Which of the following is a statement of fact from the passage?
A. Chavez had a charismatic personality
B. Cesar Chavez day is celebrated as a holiday in several US states.
C. Hispanic workers required unionization to find work
D. Chavez started the farmworkers' movement
E. Chavez built many parks and cultural centers for the use of Hispanics
Read the following passage and answer the question.
WHAT IS EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY?
SmithCo, Inc. Associate Manual
Commitment to Equal Employment Opportunity
Equal Employment Opportunity Equal Opportunity is the expressed policy of SmithCo. Our policy is to select the best-qualified person for each position in the organization and to conduct all business relationships without prejudice. SmithCo is committed to the principles of equal employment opportunity for all employees and applicants for employment. Advancement opportunities and employment decisions will be made without regard to race, creed, color, religion, sex, national origin, ancestry, age, physical or mental handicap, veteran or military status, or any other characteristic protected under federal, state, or local law. Managers are expected to seek out a diverse pool of candidates for consideration when making hiring decisions. SmithCo also develops an annual Affirmative Action program, which is a federal requirement due to our status as a government contractor. The leadership team plays an active role in demonstrating SmithCo's commitment by providing equal employment opportunities at all levels of employment. Managers and employees are advised to meet with the HR manager for assistance in meeting the standards set in this policy.
Equal Employment Opportunity Applies Throughout The Employment Process To advance the principles of equal employment opportunity, SmithCo also extends this policy to every phase of the employment process including, but not limited to, recruitment, selection, placement, transfer, training and development, promotion, compensation, benefits, layoffs, termination, and all other conditions or benefits of employment. All employees are expected to abide by and promote this policy of equal employment opportunity within the organization, as well as with those who have a business relationship with SmithCo.
Equal Employment Opportunity Requires the Participation of All Associates While overall authority for implementing an Equal Employment Opportunity policy is assigned to the Vice President of Human Resources, an effective equal employment opportunity program cannot be achieved without the support of all associates. Any associate who feels they have been denied equal opportunity or subjected to discrimination should consult with their manager or HR representative. SmithCo's Employee Assistance Program also provides assistance with these matters.
If you owned SmithCo and you wanted to hire someone to enforce these rules, what primary characteristic would you want in this potential employee?
A. knowledge about the SmithCo's product
B. communication skills
C. human relations skills
D. honesty and integrity
E. familiarity with your employees
Read the following passage and answer the question.
WHAT IS EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY?
SmithCo, Inc. Associate Manual Commitment to Equal Employment Opportunity
Equal Employment Opportunity Equal Opportunity is the expressed policy of SmithCo. Our policy is to select the best-qualified person for each position in the organization and to conduct all business relationships without prejudice. SmithCo is committed to the principles of equal employment opportunity for all employees and applicants for employment. Advancement opportunities and employment decisions will be made without regard to race, creed, color, religion, sex, national origin, ancestry, age, physical or mental handicap, veteran or military status, or any other characteristic protected under federal, state, or local law. Managers are expected to seek out a diverse pool of candidates for consideration when making hiring decisions. SmithCo also develops an annual Affirmative Action program, which is a federal requirement due to our status as a government contractor. The leadership team plays an active role in demonstrating SmithCo's commitment by providing equal employment opportunities at all levels of employment. Managers and employees are advised to meet with the HR manager for assistance in meeting the standards set in this policy.
Equal Employment Opportunity Applies Throughout The Employment Process To advance the principles of equal employment opportunity, SmithCo also extends this policy to every phase of the employment process including, but not limited to, recruitment, selection, placement, transfer, training and development, promotion, compensation, benefits, layoffs, termination, and all other conditions or benefits of employment. All employees are expected to abide by and promote this policy of equal employment opportunity within the organization, as well as with those who have a business relationship with SmithCo.
Equal Employment Opportunity Requires the Participation of All Associates While overall authority for implementing an Equal Employment Opportunity policy is assigned to the Vice President of Human Resources, an effective equal employment opportunity program cannot be achieved without the support of all associates. Any associate who feels they have been denied equal opportunity or subjected to discrimination should consult with their manager or HR representative. SmithCo's Employee Assistance Program also provides assistance with these matters.
What writing style does this excerpt portray?
A. legal policy
B. advertisement
C. news story
D. informational memo
E. story
Read the following passage and answer the question.
WHAT IS EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY?
SmithCo, Inc. Associate Manual
Commitment to Equal Employment Opportunity
Equal Employment Opportunity Equal Opportunity is the expressed policy of SmithCo. Our policy is to select the best-qualified person for each position in the organization and to conduct all business relationships without prejudice. SmithCo is committed to the principles of equal employment opportunity for all employees and applicants for employment. Advancement opportunities and employment decisions will be made without regard to race, creed, color, religion, sex, national origin, ancestry, age, physical or mental handicap, veteran or military status, or any other characteristic protected under federal, state, or local law. Managers are expected to seek out a diverse pool of candidates for consideration when making hiring decisions. SmithCo also develops an annual Affirmative Action program, which is a federal requirement due to our status as a government contractor. The leadership team plays an active role in demonstrating SmithCo's commitment by providing equal employment opportunities at all levels of employment. Managers and employees are advised to meet with the HR manager for assistance in meeting the standards set in this policy.
Equal Employment Opportunity Applies Throughout The Employment Process To advance the principles of equal employment opportunity, SmithCo also extends this policy to every phase of the employment process including, but not limited to, recruitment, selection, placement, transfer, training and development, promotion, compensation, benefits, layoffs, termination, and all other conditions or benefits of employment. All employees are expected to abide by and promote this policy of equal employment opportunity within the organization, as well as with those who have a business relationship with SmithCo.
Equal Employment Opportunity Requires the Participation of All Associates While overall authority for implementing an Equal Employment Opportunity policy is assigned to the Vice President of Human Resources, an effective equal employment opportunity program cannot be achieved without the support of all associates. Any associate who feels they have been denied equal opportunity or subjected to discrimination should consult with their manager or HR representative. SmithCo's Employee Assistance Program also provides assistance with these matters.
Which of the following actions would NOT be in violation of the equal employment opportunity program?
A. promoting a less-experienced woman over a more experienced woman because the less-experienced woman is more attractive
B. reprimanding an employee who refuses to work with a female coworker
C. not hiring a prospective employee because she is pregnant
D. terminating an employee because they are a devout christian
E. not promoting an employee who has just announced he is a homosexual
Read the following passage and answer the question.
WHAT IS EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY?
SmithCo, Inc. Associate Manual
Commitment to Equal Employment Opportunity
Equal Employment Opportunity Equal Opportunity is the expressed policy of SmithCo. Our policy is to select the best-qualified person for each position in the organization and to conduct all business relationships without prejudice. SmithCo is committed to the principles of equal employment opportunity for all employees and applicants for employment. Advancement opportunities and employment decisions will be made without regard to race, creed, color, religion, sex, national origin, ancestry, age, physical or mental handicap, veteran or military status, or any other characteristic protected under federal, state, or local law. Managers are expected to seek out a diverse pool of candidates for consideration when making hiring decisions. SmithCo also develops an annual Affirmative Action program, which is a federal requirement due to our status as a government contractor. The leadership team plays an active role in demonstrating SmithCo's commitment by providing equal employment opportunities at all levels of employment. Managers and employees are advised to meet with the HR manager for assistance in meeting the standards set in this policy.
Equal Employment Opportunity Applies Throughout The Employment Process To advance the principles of equal employment opportunity, SmithCo also extends this policy to every phase of the employment process including, but not limited to, recruitment, selection, placement, transfer, training and development, promotion, compensation, benefits, layoffs, termination, and all other conditions or benefits of employment. All employees are expected to abide by and promote this policy of equal employment opportunity within the organization, as well as with those who have a business relationship with SmithCo.
Equal Employment Opportunity Requires the Participation of All Associates While overall authority for implementing an Equal Employment Opportunity policy is assigned to the Vice President of Human Resources, an effective equal employment opportunity program cannot be achieved without the support of all associates. Any associate who feels they have been denied equal opportunity or subjected to discrimination should consult with their manager or HR representative. SmithCo's Employee Assistance Program also provides assistance with these matters.
What is the main purpose of SmithCo's equal employment opportunity policy?
A. to lessen the chance of lawsuits against SmithCo for discrimination
B. to prevent sexual harassment
C. to document out the rules for termination
D. to create and maintain a workplace free from discrimination
E. to ensure qualified employees are hired
Read the following passage and answer the question.
WHAT IS EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY?
SmithCo, Inc. Associate Manual
Commitment to Equal Employment Opportunity
Equal Employment Opportunity Equal Opportunity is the expressed policy of SmithCo. Our policy is to select the best-qualified person for each position in the organization and to conduct all business relationships without prejudice. SmithCo is committed to the principles of equal employment opportunity for all employees and applicants for employment. Advancement opportunities and employment decisions will be made without regard to race, creed, color, religion, sex, national origin, ancestry, age, physical or mental handicap, veteran or military status, or any other characteristic protected under federal, state, or local law. Managers are expected to seek out a diverse pool of candidates for consideration when making hiring decisions. SmithCo also develops an annual Affirmative Action program, which is a federal requirement due to our status as a government contractor. The leadership team plays an active role in demonstrating SmithCo's commitment by providing equal employment opportunities at all levels of employment. Managers and employees are advised to meet with the HR manager for assistance in meeting the standards set in this policy.
Equal Employment Opportunity Applies Throughout The Employment Process To advance the principles of equal employment opportunity, SmithCo also extends this policy to every phase of the employment process including, but not limited to, recruitment, selection, placement, transfer, training and development, promotion, compensation, benefits, layoffs, termination, and all other conditions or benefits of employment. All employees are expected to abide by and promote this policy of equal employment opportunity within the organization, as well as with those who have a business relationship with SmithCo.
Equal Employment Opportunity Requires the Participation of All Associates While overall authority for implementing an Equal Employment Opportunity policy is assigned to the Vice President of Human Resources, an effective equal employment opportunity program cannot be achieved without the support of all associates. Any associate who feels they have been denied equal opportunity or subjected to discrimination should consult with their manager or HR representative. SmithCo's Employee Assistance Program also provides assistance with these matters.
How is this policy organized?
A. statements of fact supported by personal stories
B. specific topics followed by explanations
C. rules for behavior supported by warnings of consequences
D. debate of public versus personal philosophies
E. general policy statement without specific performance standards
Reading Material
(1)
A research team from the University of Bonn has succeeded for the first time in using light stimuli to
stop life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia in mouse hearts. (2) Furthermore, as shown in computer
simulations at Johns Hopkins University, this technique could also be used successfully for human hearts.
(3)
The study opens up a whole new approach to the development of implantable optical defibrillators, in
which the strong electrical impulses of conventional defibrillators are replaced by gentler, pain-free light
impulses. (4) The Journal of Clinical Investigation has now published the results. (5) Ventricular fibrillation!
(6)
When the heart muscle races and no longer contracts in an orderly fashion, sudden death often follows
due to the lack of blood circulation. (7) In such an emergency, a defibrillator helps to restore normal heart
activity by means of intense electrical shocks. (8) In patients with a known risk for these arrhythmia, the
prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator is the treatment of choice. (9) If ventricular fibrillation is detected,
a pulse of electricity is automatically generated, which normalizes the excitation of the heart muscle and
saves the person's life.
(10)
"When an implanted defibrillator is triggered, which unfortunately can also happen because of false
detection of arrhythmia, it is always a very traumatic event for the patient", says the head of the study,
Junior-Professor Philipp Sasse of the Institute of Physiology I at the University of Bonn. (11) "The strong
electrical shock is very painful and can even damage the heart further". (12) Therefore, Professor Sasse's
team investigated the principles for a pain-free, gentler alternative. (13) As the scientists have now shown,
ventricular fibrillation can be stopped by optical defibrillation.
All of these statements are facts except ____.
A.
The triggering of an implanted defibrillator can be a painful experience for the cardiac patient.
B.
Optical defibrillation is the best alternative for all cardiac patients.
C.
When the heart does not contract in an orderly fashion, sudden death is often the result.
D.
Scientists successfully used light stimuli to stop cardiac arrhythmia in mouse hearts.
Reading Material
(1)
A research team from the University of Bonn has succeeded for the first time in using light stimuli to stop life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia in mouse hearts. (2) Furthermore, as shown in computer simulations at Johns Hopkins University, this technique could also be used successfully for human hearts.
(3)
The study opens up a whole new approach to the development of implantable optical defibrillators, in which the strong electrical impulses of conventional defibrillators are replaced by gentler, pain-free light impulses. (4) The Journal of Clinical Investigation has now published the results. (5) Ventricular fibrillation!
(6)
When the heart muscle races and no longer contracts in an orderly fashion, sudden death often follows due to the lack of blood circulation. (7) In such an emergency, a defibrillator helps to restore normal heart activity by means of intense electrical shocks. (8) In patients with a known risk for these arrhythmia, the prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator is the treatment of choice. (9) If ventricular fibrillation is detected, a pulse of electricity is automatically generated, which normalizes the excitation of the heart muscle and saves the person's life.
(10)
"When an implanted defibrillator is triggered, which unfortunately can also happen because of false detection of arrhythmia, it is always a very traumatic event for the patient", says the head of the study, Junior-Professor Philipp Sasse of the Institute of Physiology I at the University of Bonn. (11) "The strong electrical shock is very painful and can even damage the heart further". (12) Therefore, Professor Sasse's team investigated the principles for a pain-free, gentler alternative. (13) As the scientists have now shown, ventricular fibrillation can be stopped by optical defibrillation.
According to the text, what inspired scientists to look for alternatives to the current defibrillators?
A. With abundant light energy, scientists were looking for a way to put it to good use.
B. Current defibrillators are outdated and expensive to implant.
C. It worked on mice, so scientists thought it was possible that human patients could benefit from the technology.
D. Current defibrillators can cause powerful, painful shocks to the heart, which may cause further damage.
Reading Material
(1)
A research team from the University of Bonn has succeeded for the first time in using light stimuli to stop life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia in mouse hearts. (2) Furthermore, as shown in computer simulations at Johns Hopkins University, this technique could also be used successfully for human hearts.
(3)
The study opens up a whole new approach to the development of implantable optical defibrillators, in which the strong electrical impulses of conventional defibrillators are replaced by gentler, pain-free light impulses. (4) The Journal of Clinical Investigation has now published the results. (5) Ventricular fibrillation!
(6)
When the heart muscle races and no longer contracts in an orderly fashion, sudden death often follows due to the lack of blood circulation. (7) In such an emergency, a defibrillator helps to restore normal heart activity by means of intense electrical shocks. (8) In patients with a known risk for these arrhythmia, the prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator is the treatment of choice. (9) If ventricular fibrillation is detected, a pulse of electricity is automatically generated, which normalizes the excitation of the heart muscle and saves the person's life.
(10)
"When an implanted defibrillator is triggered, which unfortunately can also happen because of false detection of arrhythmia, it is always a very traumatic event for the patient", says the head of the study, Junior-Professor Philipp Sasse of the Institute of Physiology I at the University of Bonn. (11) "The strong electrical shock is very painful and can even damage the heart further". (12) Therefore, Professor Sasse's team investigated the principles for a pain-free, gentler alternative. (13) As the scientists have now shown, ventricular fibrillation can be stopped by optical defibrillation.
What is the main idea of this text?
A. Traditional defibrillators cause painful shocks that may damage the heart.
B. New research has suggested that light stimuli may be a gentler but effective way to treat cardiac arrhythmia.
C. More research should be done to determine the cause of cardiac arrhythmia.
D. The University of Bonn is at the cutting edge of cardiac research.
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