What is the reinforcing consequence in "I itch, therefore I scratch?"
A. automatic positive reinforcement
B. automatic negative reinforcement
C. proprioceptive positive reinforcement
D. proprioceptive negative reinforcement
Which statement is an example of "philosophic doubt"?
A. Attention is the most powerful reinforcer for most clients so it will probably work with Freddie.
B. I have many reservations about using the principles of behavior in designing treatment programs.
C. I really do not think that food functions as a reinforcer for Linda since she often misses meals.
D. Past research has shown that verbal behavior training is effective but this could change when new research is conducted.
Which is NOT true of determinism?
A. Science is based on determinism.
B. Determinism is in contrast to empiricism.
C. All science is predicated on determinism.
D. The universe is orderly and follows universal laws.
After collecting baseline data and verifying the hypothesis, which of the following is the BEST approach to use when selecting behavior change procedures?
A. Ask professionals in the individual's environment to list procedures to address the unique circumstances involved.
B. Use a procedure that has previously been found to be socially valid based on staff evaluations.
C. Limit selection to behavior change procedures that are consistent with those documented in the behavioral literature.
D. Review all journals containing procedures that may apply to the behavior targeted for change.
From an ethical standpoint, evaluation of treatment outcomes should occur through
A. direct measurement of the individual's behavior.
B. discussion with the interdisciplinary team.
C. continuous evaluation of program integrity.
D. a system based on randomly monitoring program outcomes.
Scott, a behavior analyst, has been accepted into a doctoral program and will be leaving the inhome treatment program where he has been working. Scott has informed the family about when he will be leaving. What is the MOST important action for Scott to take?
A. Make copies of his data and case files for his records.
B. Ask the family whether they would like to continue treatment.
C. Make arrangements for transfer of services to another qualified behavior analyst.
D. Assess caregiver's skills in order to determine competence to maintain program integrity.
A colleague who is friends with one of a behavior analyst's clients asks the behavior analyst during a break at a local peer review meeting how the case is going. The behavior analyst should
A. ask the colleague if the client has given permission to discuss the case.
B. inform the colleague that he can't discuss this and change the subject.
C. discuss the case in hypothetical terms without using the client's name.
D. provide a minimum amount of information so that the colleague can assist him.
The Smiths' daughter, who has autism, has been receiving ABA services for one-and-a-half years from Andrew, a behavior analyst. Andrew's experience and training is in special education. Recently, the Smiths' other child has been behaving differently and they suspect that he may be clinically depressed. The Smiths would like their son to receive services from Andrew because their family is familiar with him and he has provided effective interventions for their daughter. The Smiths ask Andrew to confirm their suspicions about their son. What should Andrew do?
A. Remind the family that his area of expertise is special education and ABA.
B. Conduct a descriptive assessment and collect baseline data in order to develop an intervention.
C. Consult with colleagues who have expertise in treating mood disorders in order to design an effective intervention.
D. Refer the family to a colleague who has expertise in diagnosing mood disorders.
Mitch, a 17-year-old with intellectual disabilities, has made great progress on toileting and handwashing skills at school. Ethically, which procedure would be the MOST appropriate?
A. Every time Mitch uses the washroom, an aide stands at the door, records the task analysis steps successfully completed, and posts the results on the bathroom door.
B. If all steps to toileting and hand-washing are completed successfully, the teacher gives Mitch a smile and notes the frequency on a chart at her desk.
C. If Mitch makes errors on toileting and hand-washing tasks, a positive practice procedure is implemented.
D. Upon successful completion of toileting and hand-washing, the teacher announces, "Good toileting, Mitch," and marks the success on a wall chart.
A behavior analyst is asked to review a point system to be used in an elementary school. According to the program, participation in extracurricular activities such as sports or choir is contingent upon earning "good citizen" points. "Good citizen" behaviors are clearly defined. Ethical standards should lead the behavior analyst to recommend which of the following with regard to earning extracurricular activities?
A. Implement the contingency as designed.
B. Modify the contingency to include points earned for academic performance.
C. Obtain the consent of the students' parents.
D. Require points to be earned outside the classroom.
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