EC-COUNCIL Certified Ethical Hacker 312-50 Questions & Answers

• Question 11:

  Which of the following tools are used for footprinting?(Choose four.

  A. Sam Spade

  B. NSLookup

  C. Traceroute

  D. Neotrace

  E. Cheops

  Correct Answer: ABCD

  All of the tools listed are used for footprinting except Cheops.

• Question 12:

  You receive an email with the following message:

  Hello Steve,

  We are having technical difficulty in restoring user database record after the recent blackout. Your account data is corrupted. Please logon to the SuperEmailServices.com and change your password.

  http://[email protected]/support/logon.htm

  If you do not reset your password within 7 days, your account will be permanently disabled locking you out from our e-mail services.

  Sincerely,

  Technical Support

  SuperEmailServices

  From this e-mail you suspect that this message was sent by some hacker since you have been using their e-mail services for the last 2 years and they have never sent out an e-mail such as this. You also observe the URL in the message and

  confirm your suspicion about 0xde.0xad.0xbde.0xef which looks like hexadecimal numbers. You immediately enter the following at Windows 2000 command prompt:

  Ping 0xde.0xad.0xbe.0xef

  You get a response with a valid IP address.

  What is the obstructed IP address in the e-mail URL?

  A. 222.173.190.239

  B. 233.34.45.64

  C. 54.23.56.55

  D. 199.223.23.45

  Correct Answer: A

  0x stands for hexadecimal and DE=222, AD=173, BE=190 and EF=239

• Question 13:

  A very useful resource for passively gathering information about a target company is:

  A. Host scanning

  B. Whois search

  C. Traceroute

  D. Ping sweep

  Correct Answer: B

  A, C and D are "Active" scans, the question says: "Passively"

• Question 14:

  Your company trainee Sandra asks you which are the four existing Regional Internet Registry (RIR's)?

  A. APNIC, PICNIC, ARIN, LACNIC

  B. RIPE NCC, LACNIC, ARIN, APNIC

  C. RIPE NCC, NANIC, ARIN, APNIC

  D. RIPE NCC, ARIN, APNIC, LATNIC

  Correct Answer: B

  All other answers include non existing organizations (PICNIC, NANIC, LATNIC). See http://www.arin.net/library/internet_info/ripe.html

• Question 15:

  Snort has been used to capture packets on the network. On studying the packets, the penetration tester finds it to be abnormal. If you were the penetration tester, why would you find this abnormal? (Note: The student is being tested on concept learnt during passive OS fingerprinting, basic TCP/IP connection concepts and the ability to read packet signatures from a sniff dumo.) 05/20-17:06:45.061034 192.160.13.4:31337 -> 172.16.1.101:1 TCP TTL:44 TOS:0x10 ID:242 ***FRP** Seq: 0XA1D95 Ack: 0x53 Win: 0x400

  05/20-17:06:58.685879 192.160.13.4:31337 -> 172.16.1.101:1024 TCP TTL:44 TOS:0x10 ID:242 ***FRP** Seg: 0XA1D95 Ack: 0x53 Win: 0x400 What is odd about this attack? (Choose the most appropriate statement)

  A. This is not a spoofed packet as the IP stack has increasing numbers for the three flags.

  B. This is back orifice activity as the scan comes from port 31337.

  C. The attacker wants to avoid creating a sub-carrier connection that is not normally valid.

  D. There packets were created by a tool; they were not created by a standard IP stack.

  Correct Answer: B

  Port 31337 is normally used by Back Orifice. Note that 31337 is hackers spelling of `elite', meaning `elite hackers'.

• Question 16:

  How does Traceroute map the route that a packet travels from point A to point B?

  A. It uses a TCP Timestamp packet that will elicit a time exceed in transit message.

  B. It uses a protocol that will be rejected at the gateways on its way to its destination.

  C. It manipulates the value of time to live (TTL) parameter packet to elicit a time exceeded in transit message.

  D. It manipulated flags within packets to force gateways into generating error messages.

  Correct Answer: C

  Traceroute works by increasing the "time-to-live" value of each successive batch of packets sent. The first three packets have a time-to-live (TTL) value of one (implying that they make a single hop). The next three packets have a TTL value of 2, and so on. When a packet passes through a host, normally the host decrements the TTL value by one, and forwards the packet to the next host. When a packet with a TTL of one reaches a host, the host discards the packet and sends an ICMP time exceeded (type 11) packet to the sender. The traceroute utility uses these returning packets to produce a list of hosts that the packets have traversed en route to the destination.

• Question 17:

  To what does "message repudiation" refer to what concept in the realm of email security?

  A. Message repudiation means a user can validate which mail server or servers a message was passed through.

  B. Message repudiation means a user can claim damages for a mail message that damaged their reputation.

  C. Message repudiation means a recipient can be sure that a message was sent from a particular person.

  D. Message repudiation means a recipient can be sure that a message was sent from a certain host.

  E. Message repudiation means a sender can claim they did not actually send a particular message.

  Correct Answer: E

  A quality that prevents a third party from being able to prove that a communication between two other parties ever took place. This is a desirable quality if you do not want your communications to be traceable.

  Non-repudiation is the opposite quality--a third party can prove that a communication between two other parties took place. Non-repudiation is desirable if you want to be able to trace your communications and prove that they occurred.

  Repudiation Denial of message submission or delivery.

• Question 18:

  A Company security System Administrator is reviewing the network system log files. He notes the following: What should he assume has happened and what should he do about the situation?

  A. He should contact the attacker's ISP as soon as possible and have the connection disconnected.

  B. He should log the event as suspicious activity, continue to investigate, and take further steps according to site security policy.

  C. He should log the file size, and archive the information, because the router crashed.

  D. He should run a file system check, because the Syslog server has a self correcting file system problem.

  E. He should disconnect from the Internet discontinue any further unauthorized use, because an attack has taken place.

  Correct Answer: B

  You should never assume a host has been compromised without verification. Typically, disconnecting a server is an extreme measure and should only be done when it is confirmed there is a compromise or the server contains such sensitive data that the loss of service outweighs the risk. Never assume that any administrator or automatic process is making changes to a system. Always investigate the root cause of the change on the system and follow your organizations security policy.

• Question 19:

  You are footprinting an organization to gather competitive intelligence. You visit the company's website for contact information and telephone numbers but do not find it listed there. You know that they had the entire staff directory listed on their website 12 months ago but not it is not there.

  How would it be possible for you to retrieve information from the website that is outdated?

  A. Visit google's search engine and view the cached copy.

  B. Visit Archive.org web site to retrieve the Internet archive of the company's website.

  C. Crawl the entire website and store them into your computer.

  D. Visit the company's partners and customers website for this information.

  Correct Answer: B

  Archive.org mirrors websites and categorizes them by date and month depending on the crawl time. Archive.org dates back to 1996, Google is incorrect because the cache is only as recent as the latest crawl, the cache is over-written on each subsequent crawl. Download the website is incorrect because that's the same as what you see online. Visiting customer partners websites is just bogus. The answer is then Firmly, C, archive.org

• Question 20:

  Which one of the following is defined as the process of distributing incorrect Internet Protocol (IP) addresses/names with the intent of diverting traffic?

  A. Network aliasing

  B. Domain Name Server (DNS) poisoning

  C. Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

  D. Port scanning

  Correct Answer: B

  This reference is close to the one listed DNS poisoning is the correct answer. This is how DNS DOS attack can occur. If the actual DNS records are unattainable to the attacker for him to alter in this fashion, which they should be, the attacker can insert this data into the cache of there server instead of replacing the actual records, which is referred to as cache poisoning.