A company is using AWS CloudFormation as its deployment tool for all applications. It stages all application binaries and templates within Amazon S3 buckets with versioning enabled. Developers have access to an Amazon EC2 instance that hosts the integrated development environment (IDE). The developers download the application binaries from Amazon S3 to the EC2 instance, make changes, and upload the binaries to an S3 bucket after running the unit tests locally. The developers want to improve the existing deployment mechanism and implement CI/CD using AWS CodePipeline. The developers have the following requirements: 1. Use AWS CodeCommit for source control. 2. Automate unit testing and security scanning. 3. Alert the developers when unit tests fail. 4. Turn application features on and off, and customize deployment dynamically as part of CI/CD. 5. Have the lead developer provide approval before deploying an application. Which solution will meet these requirements?
-
A
Use AWS CodeBuild to run unit tests and security scans. Use an Amazon EventBridge rule to send Amazon SNS alerts to the developers when unit tests fail. Write AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK) constructs for different solution features, and use a manifest file to tum features on and off in the AWS CDK application. Use a manual approval stage in the pipeline to allow the lead developer to approve applications.
-
B
Use AWS Lambda to run unit tests and security scans. Use Lambda in a subsequent stage in the pipeline to send Amazon SNS alerts to the developers when unit tests fail. Write AWS Amplify plugins for different solution features and utilize user prompts to tum features on and off. Use Amazon SES in the pipeline to allow the lead developer to approve applications.
-
C
Use Jenkins to run unit tests and security scans. Use an Amazon EventBridge rule in the pipeline to send Amazon SES alerts to the developers when unit tests fail Use AWS CloudFormation nested stacks for different solution features and parameters to turn features on and off. Use AWS Lambda in the pipeline to allow the lead developer to approve applications.
-
D
Use AWS CodeDeploy to run unit tests and security scans. Use an Amazon CloudWatch alarm in the pipeline to send Amazon SNS alerts to the developers when unit tests fail. Use Docker images for different solution features and the AWS CLI to turn features on and off. Use a manual approval stage in the pipeline to allow the lead developer to approve applications.
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Correct answerA
ExplanationAWS CodeBuild supplies the build environment for automated unit tests and security scans. EventBridge can detect failed pipeline activity and route an SNS notification to developers. AWS CDK constructs model optional features, with a manifest controlling which constructs are deployed. A CodePipeline manual approval action gives the lead developer the required gate.
A company uses AWS Cloud Formation to deploy its infrastructure. The company is concerned that data stored in Amazon RDS databases or Amazon EBS volumes might be deleted if a production Cloud Formation stack is deleted. How can the company prevent users from accidentally deleting data in this way?
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A
Modify the Cloud Formation templates to add a DeletionPolicy attribute with a Retain deletion policy to RDS resources and EBS resources.
-
B
Configure a stack policy that disallows the deletion of RDS resources and EBS resources.
-
C
Modify 1AM policies to deny the deletion of RDS resources and EBS resources that are tagged with an aws:cloudformation:stack-name tag.
-
D
Use AWS Config rules to prevent the deletion of RDS resources and EBS resources.
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Correct answerA
ExplanationA CloudFormation DeletionPolicy with the Retain value changes what happens to a protected resource when its stack is deleted. CloudFormation removes the resource from stack management but does not delete the underlying RDS database or EBS volume. Placing this attribute on each data-bearing resource directly protects the stored data from accidental stack deletion.
A solutions architect needs to assess a newly acquired company's portfolio of applications and databases. The solutions architect must create a business case to migrate the portfolio to AWS. The newly acquired company runs applications in an on-premises data center. The data center is not well documented. The solutions architect cannot immediately determine how many applications and databases exist. Traffic for the applications is variable. Some applications are batch processes that run at the end of each month. The solutions architect must gain a better understanding of the portfolio before a migration to AWS can begin. Which solution will meet these requirements?
-
A
Use AWS Server Migration Service (AWS SMS) and AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to evaluate migration. Use AWS Service Catalog to understand application and database dependencies.
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B
Use AWS Application Migration Service. Run agents on the on-premises infrastructure. Manage the agents by using AWS Migration Hub. Use AWS Storage Gateway to assess local storage needs and database dependencies.
-
C
Use Migration Evaluator to generate a list of servers. Build a report for a business case. Use AWS Migration Hub to view the portfolio. Use AWS Application Discovery Service to gain anunderstanding of application dependencies.
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D
Use AWS Control Tower in the destination account to generate an application portfolio. Use AWS Server Migration Service (AWS SMS) to generate deeper reports and a business case. Use a landing zone for core accounts and resources.
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Correct answerC
ExplanationMigration Evaluator inventories servers and supplies utilization data for the migration business case, including workloads with variable or periodic activity. Migration Hub provides a consolidated portfolio view. Application Discovery Service then identifies application components and dependencies, supplying the understanding needed before planning migration waves in the undocumented environment.
A company wants to design a disaster recovery (DR) solution for an application that runs in the company's data center. The application writes to an SMB file share and creates a copy on a second file share. Both file shares are in the data center. The application uses two types of files: metadata files and image files. The company wants to store the copy on AWS. The company needs the ability to use SMB to access the data from either the data center or AWS if a disaster occurs. The copy of the data is rarely accessed but must be available within 5 minutes. Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
-
A
Deploy AWS Outposts with Amazon S3 storage. Configure a Windows Amazon EC2 instance on Outposts as a file server.
-
B
Deploy an Amazon FSx File Gateway. Configure an Amazon FSx for Windows File Server Multi-AZ file system that uses SSD storage.
-
C
Deploy an Amazon S3 File Gateway. Configure the S3 File Gateway to use Amazon S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) for the metadata files and to use S3 Glacier Deep Archive for the image files.
-
D
Deploy an Amazon S3 File Gateway. Configure the S3 File Gateway to use Amazon S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) for the metadata files and image files.
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Correct answerD
ExplanationS3 File Gateway presents an SMB share to workloads in the data center while storing the copied files in Amazon S3. Using S3 Standard-IA for both metadata and images lowers storage cost for rarely accessed data but keeps retrieval fast enough for the five-minute requirement. Glacier Deep Archive would not provide the required retrieval window for the image files during a disaster.
A company has an application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances in an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group. The company uses AWS CodePipeline to deploy the application. The instances that run in the Auto Scaling group are constantly changing because of scaling events. When the company deploys new application code versions, the company installs the AWS CodeDeploy agent on any new target EC2 instances and associates the instances with the CodeDeploy deployment group. The application is set to go live within the next 24 hours. What should a solutions architect recommend to automate the application deployment process with the LEAST amount of operational overhead?
-
A
Configure Amazon EventBridge to invoke an AWS Lambda function when a new EC2 instance is launched into the Auto Scaling group. Code the Lambda function to associate the EC2 instances with the CodeDeploy deployment group.
-
B
Write a script to suspend Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling operations before the deployment of new code. When the deployment is complete, create a new AMI and configure the Auto Scaling group's launch template to use the new AMI for new launches. Resume Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling operations.
-
C
Create a new AWS CodeBuild project that creates a new AMI that contains the new code. Configure CodeBuild to update the Auto Scaling group’s launch template to the new AMI. Run an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling instance refresh operation.
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D
Create a new AMI that has the CodeDeploy agent installed. Configure the Auto Scaling group’s launch template to use the new AMI. Associate the CodeDeploy deployment group with the Auto Scaling group instead of the EC2 instances.
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Correct answerD
ExplanationBake the CodeDeploy agent into a new AMI and reference that AMI from the Auto Scaling group's launch template, ensuring every replacement or scale-out instance starts deployment-ready. Associate the CodeDeploy deployment group with the Auto Scaling group rather than individual, short-lived instances. CodeDeploy can then discover current group members automatically, eliminating repeated manual registration.
A global healthcare analytics company runs a regulated workload on AWS across dozens of AWS accounts. The company uses an organization in AWS Organizations to manage the accounts. The company must regularly provide external auditors with evidence that specific security controls are implemented and continuously enforced. The security controls include encryption requirements for storage services, centralized logging configurations, and restrictions on public network access. The company wants an automated solution that continuously collects evidence that shows that the controls are implemented across accounts. The solution must preserve historical evidence for specified time periods. The solution must also generate reports for the auditors that are mapped to specific regulatory frameworks. The company does not want to build custom evidence collection pipelines. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
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A
Enable AWS CloudTrail organization trails across all accounts and deliver the logs to a centralized Amazon S3 bucket in an audit account. Use Amazon Athena to query the centralized logs and build scheduled reports that auditors can review for evidence of the required security controls.
-
B
Enable AWS Security Hub across all accounts. Designate a delegated administrator account to aggregate security findings across the organization. Export Security Hub findings and compliance check results to Amazon S3. Generate periodic compliance reports for auditors.
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C
Enable AWS Config rules in each account to evaluate the required security controls. Deliver configuration snapshots to a centralized Amazon S3 bucket. Use AWS Lambda functions in an audit account to periodically analyze the snapshots and generate compliance evidence reports for auditors.
-
D
Enable AWS Config rules across all accounts to evaluate the required security controls. Use an AWS Config aggregator in an audit account to centralize configuration data. Deploy AWS Config conformance packs that are aligned to the required regulatory frameworks. Use AWS Audit Manager to collect evidence and generate audit reports.
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Correct answerD
ExplanationAWS Config rules continuously evaluate the required controls in every account, and an aggregator centralizes the resulting configuration and compliance data. Conformance packs deploy grouped controls aligned with regulatory frameworks. AWS Audit Manager collects and retains mapped evidence over the required periods and generates auditor-ready reports, avoiding a custom log-query or snapshot-analysis pipeline.
A company uses Amazon CloudFront to serve a static application from an Amazon S3 bucket origin. A custom domain maps to the CloudFront distribution. The application calls an Amazon API Gateway Regional API endpoint in the ap-northeast-1 Region for backend APIs. The company configures cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) so the application can access the APIs. Tests find that API calls are slower from outside ap-northeast-1, which causes slow performance. The company must improve the performance of the application. Which solution will meet this requirement?
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A
Enable CloudFront Origin Shield and S3 Transfer Acceleration for the S3 bucket.
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B
Use an Amazon Route 53 latency-based routing policy for the Regional API endpoint and the CloudFront distribution.
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C
Set the Regional API endpoint as an origin for the CloudFront distribution. Access the backend APIs by using the application's DNS name.
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D
Set up AWS Global Accelerator in the same account that hosts the CloudFront distribution. Access the backend APIs by using Global Accelerator.
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Correct answerC
ExplanationAdding the Regional API endpoint as another CloudFront origin lets global API requests enter through the application's CloudFront distribution instead of traveling directly to ap-northeast-1. Using the application's DNS name sends both static and backend traffic through the same edge network. This reduces long-distance request latency and keeps the existing API as the backend origin.
Question 8
Multiple choice
A company operates a fleet of servers on premises and operates a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances in its organization in AWS Organizations. The company's AWS accounts contain hundreds of VPCs. The company wants to connect its AWS accounts to its on-premises network. AWS Site-to-Site VPN connections are already established to a single AWS account. The company wants to control which VPCs can communicate with other VPCs. Which combination of steps will achieve this level of control with the LEAST operational effort? (Choose three.)
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A
Create a transit gateway in an AWS account. Share the transit gateway across accounts by using AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM).
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B
Configure attachments to all VPCs and VPNs.
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C
Set up transit gateway route tables. Associate the VPCs and VPNs with the route tables.
-
D
Configure VPC peering between the VPCs.
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E
Configure attachments between the VPCs and VPNs.
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F
Set up route tables on the VPCs and VPNs.
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Correct answersA, B, C
ExplanationCreate a transit gateway in one AWS account and share it across accounts through AWS Resource Access Manager, avoiding a large peering mesh. Configure attachments for all participating VPCs and the existing VPNs so they join the common routing hub. Then create transit gateway route tables and associate the VPC and VPN attachments selectively; those associations and routes control which networks can communicate.
Question 9
Multiple choice
A software company hosts an application on AWS with resources in multiple AWS accounts and Regions. The application runs on a group of Amazon EC2 instances in an application VPC located in the us-east-1 Region with an IPv4 CIDR block of 10.10.0.0/16. In a different AWS account, a shared services VPC is located in the us-east-2 Region with an IPv4 CIDR block of 10.10.10.0/24. When a cloud engineer uses AWS CloudFormation to attempt to peer the application VPC with the shared services VPC, an error message indicates a peering failure. Which factors could cause this error? (Choose two.)
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A
The IPv4 CIDR ranges of the two VPCs overlap
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B
The VPCs are not in the same Region
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C
One or both accounts do not have access to an Internet gateway
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D
One of the VPCs was not shared through AWS Resource Access Manager
-
E
The IAM role in the peer accepter account does not have the correct permissions
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Correct answersA, E
ExplanationThe two IPv4 CIDR ranges overlap because 10.10.10.0/24 is contained within 10.10.0.0/16, and VPC peering cannot connect overlapping address spaces. For cross-account peering through CloudFormation, the IAM role in the peer accepter account must also have the correct permissions to accept the connection. Inter-Region placement itself does not prevent VPC peering.
Question 10
Single choice
An adventure company has launched a new feature on its mobile app. Users can use the feature to upload their hiking and ratting photos and videos anytime. The photos and videos are stored in Amazon S3 Standard storage in an S3 bucket and are served through Amazon CloudFront. The company needs to optimize the cost of the storage. A solutions architect discovers that most of the uploaded photos and videos are accessed infrequently after 30 days. However, some of the uploaded photos and videos are accessed frequently after 30 days. The solutions architect needs to implement a solution that maintains millisecond retrieval availability of the photos and videos at the lowest possible cost. Which solution will meet these requirements?
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A
Configure S3 Intelligent-Tiering on the S3 bucket.
-
B
Configure an S3 Lifecycle policy to transition image objects and video objects from S3 Standard to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 30 days.
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C
Replace Amazon S3 with an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system that is mounted on Amazon EC2 instances.
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D
Add a Cache-Control: max-age header to the S3 image objects and S3 video objects. Set the header to 30 days.
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Correct answerA
ExplanationThe access pattern after 30 days is mixed and cannot be predicted per object. S3 Intelligent-Tiering monitors access and moves objects between appropriate access tiers, reducing storage cost for infrequently used media while retaining millisecond retrieval for content that becomes active again. Deep Archive would introduce retrieval delay, and a cache header does not reduce the underlying long-term S3 storage cost.
Question 11
Multiple choice
A company has a few AWS accounts for development and wants to move its production application to AWS. The company needs to enforce Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) encryption at rest current production accounts and future production accounts only. The company needs a solution that includes built-in blueprints and guardrails. Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose three.)
-
A
Use AWS CloudFormation StackSets to deploy AWS Config rules on production accounts.
-
B
Create a new AWS Control Tower landing zone in an existing developer account. Create OUs for accounts. Add production and development accounts to production and development OUs, respectively.
-
C
Create a new AWS Control Tower landing zone in the company's management account. Add production and development accounts to production and development OUs. respectively.
-
D
Invite existing accounts to join the organization in AWS Organizations. Create SCPs to ensure compliance.
-
E
Create a guardrail from the management account to detect EBS encryption.
-
F
Create a guardrail for the production OU to detect EBS encryption.
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Correct answersC, D, F
ExplanationCreate the AWS Control Tower landing zone in the company's management account and separate production and development accounts into their respective OUs. Invite existing accounts into the AWS Organizations organization so centralized SCPs can enforce organization-wide boundaries. Apply the EBS encryption detection guardrail specifically to the production OU, covering current and future production accounts without imposing it on development.
Question 12
Single choice
A company is deploying a third-party web application to an AWS account. The company wants to deploy the application across multiple Amazon EC2 instances. The company must have the ability to scale horizontally when necessary. The application uses browser cookies for session state management. The application requires session affinity. Which solution will meet these requirements?
-
A
Assign each EC2 instance a public IP address. Configure an Amazon Route 53 multivalue A record for the application. Enable health checks for the A record. Configure a Route 53 Resolver rule that ensures a specific cookie value will consistently return the same EC2 instance. Access the application by using the Route 53 A record.
-
B
Place the EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. Configure an Amazon CloudFront distribution and set the Auto Scaling group as the origin. Create a CloudFront function to handle viewer requests. Include cookie processing logic to ensure that users are directed to the correct EC2 instance. Access the application by using the CloudFront distribution URL.
-
C
Place the EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. Configure a public Application Load Balancer (ALB), and configure the ALB to direct traffic for the application to the Auto Scaling group. Enable sticky sessions on the target group for the application cookies. Access the application by using the ALB domain name.
-
D
Configure a Gateway Load Balancer (GWLB). Register the EC2 instances as a target group by using their instance IDs. Enable flow stickiness on the target group. Access the application by using the GWLB domain name.
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Correct answerC
ExplanationThe Auto Scaling group adds or removes EC2 instances to provide the required horizontal scaling. A public Application Load Balancer distributes application traffic to those instances, and sticky sessions on its target group use the application cookie to keep a user's requests associated with the same target. This preserves browser-based session affinity while allowing the instance fleet to scale behind one domain name.
Question 13
Single choice
A company has a large on-premises Apache Hadoop cluster with a 20 PB HDFS database. The cluster is growing every quarter by roughly 200 instances and 1 PB. The company's goals are to enable resiliency for its Hadoop data, limit the impact of losing cluster nodes, and significantly reduce costs. The current cluster runs 24/7 and supports a variety of analysis workloads, including interactive queries and batch processing. Which solution would meet these requirements with the LEAST expense and down time?
-
A
Use AWS Snowmobile to migrate the existing cluster data to Amazon S3. Create a persistent Amazon EMR cluster initially sized to handle the interactive workload based on historical data from the on-premises cluster. Store the data on EMRFS. Minimize costs using Reserved Instances for master and core nodes and Spot Instances for task nodes, and auto scale task nodes based on Amazon CloudWatch metrics. Create job-specific, optimized clusters for batch workloads that are similarly optimized.
-
B
Use AWS Snowmobile to migrate the existing cluster data to Amazon S3. Create a persistent Amazon EMR cluster of a similar size and configuration to the current cluster. Store the data on EMRFS. Minimize costs by using Reserved Instances. As the workload grows each quarter, purchase additional Reserved Instances and add to the cluster.
-
C
Use AWS Snowball to migrate the existing cluster data to Amazon S3. Create a persistent Amazon EMR cluster initially sized to handle the interactive workloads based on historical data from the on-premises cluster. Store the data on EMRFS. Minimize costs using Reserved Instances for master and core nodes and Spot Instances for task nodes, and auto scale task nodes based on Amazon CloudWatch metrics. Create job-specific, optimized clusters for batch workloads that are similarly optimized.
-
D
Use AWS Direct Connect to migrate the existing cluster data to Amazon S3. Create a persistent Amazon EMR cluster initially sized to handle the interactive workload based on historical data from the on-premises cluster. Store the data on EMRFS. Minimize costs using Reserved Instances for master and core nodes and Spot Instances for task nodes, and auto scale task nodes based on Amazon CloudWatch metrics. Create job-specific, optimized clusters for batch workloads that are similarly optimized.
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Correct answerA
ExplanationAWS Snowmobile can migrate the existing 20 PB cluster data to Amazon S3 without extending the transfer across a conventional network connection. EMRFS separates durable data from cluster nodes, limiting the effect of node loss. A persistent, historically sized cluster serves interactive work, while job-specific clusters serve batch work. Reserved master and core nodes, Spot task nodes, and automatic scaling reduce ongoing cost.
Question 14
Multiple choice
A financial services company is moving to AWS and wants to enable developers to experiment and innovate while preventing access to production applications. The company has the following requirements: 1. Production workloads cannot be directly connected to the internet. 2. All workloads must be restricted to the us-west-2 and eu-central-1 Regions. 3. Notification should be sent when developer sandboxes exceed $500 in AWS spending monthly. Which combination of actions needs to be taken to create a multi-account structure that meets the company's requirements? (Choose three.)
-
A
Create accounts for each production workload within an organization in AWS Organizations. Place the production accounts within an organizational unit (OU). For each account, delete the default VPC. Create an SCP with a Deny rule for the attach an internet gateway and create a default VPC actions. Attach the SCP to the OU for the production accounts.
-
B
Create accounts for each production workload within an organization in AWS Organizations. Place the production accounts within an organizational unit (OU). Create an SCP with a Deny rule on the attach an internet gateway action. Create an SCP with a Deny rule to prevent use of the default VPC. Attach the SCPs to the OU for the production accounts.
-
C
Create a SCP containing a Deny Effect for cloudfront:*, iam:*, route53:*, and support:* with a StringNotEquals condition on an aws:RequestedRegion condition key with us-west-2 and eu-central-1 values. Attach the SCP to the organization's root.
-
D
Create an IAM permission boundary containing a Deny Effect for cloudfront:*, iam:*, route53:*, and support:* with a StringNotEquals condition on an aws:RequestedRegion condition key with us-west-2 and eu-central-1 values. Attach the permission boundary to an IAM group containing the development and production users.
-
E
Create accounts for each development workload within an organization in AWS Organizations. Place the development accounts within an organizational unit (OU). Create a custom AWS Config rule to deactivate all IAM users when an account's monthly bill exceeds $500.
-
F
Create accounts for each development workload within an organization in AWS Organizations. Place the development accounts within an organizational unit (OU). Create a budget within AWS Budgets for each development account to monitor and report on monthly spending exceeding $500.
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Correct answersA, C, F
ExplanationSeparate production and development workloads into dedicated AWS accounts and OUs to provide strong isolation. For production accounts, deleting the default VPC and using an SCP to prevent internet gateway attachment helps ensure workloads cannot be directly connected to the internet. An organization-level Region restriction SCP can limit workload deployment to us-west-2 and eu-central-1, while allowing required global AWS services. AWS Budgets in each development account can monitor monthly spending and send notifications when the $500 threshold is exceeded.
Question 15
Single choice
A company needs to optimize the cost of an AWS environment that contains multiple accounts in an organization in AWS Organizations. The company conducted cost optimization activities 3 years ago and purchased Amazon EC2 Standard Reserved Instances that recently expired. The company needs EC2 instances for 3 more years. Additionally, the company has deployed a new serverless workload. Which strategy will provide the company with the MOST cost savings?
-
A
Purchase the same Reserved Instances for an additional 3-year term with All Upfront payment. Purchase a 3-year Compute Savings Plan with All Upfront payment in the management account to cover any additional compute costs.
-
B
Purchase a 1-year Compute Savings Plan with No Upfront payment in each member account. Use the Savings Plans recommendations in the AWS Cost Management console to choose the Compute Savings Plan.
-
C
Purchase a 3-year EC2 Instance Savings Plan with No Upfront payment in the management account to cover EC2 costs in each AWS Region. Purchase a 3-year Compute Savings Plan with No Upfront payment in the management account to cover any additional compute costs.
-
D
Purchase a 3-year EC2 Instance Savings Plan with All Upfront payment in each member account. Use the Savings Plans recommendations in the AWS Cost Management console to choose the EC2 Instance Savings Plan.
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Correct answerA
ExplanationThe existing EC2 demand has already proved stable and is required for another three years, so renewing the same Reserved Instances for a three-year term aligns the commitment with that predictable workload. All Upfront payment maximizes the commitment discount. A three-year Compute Savings Plan in the management account covers additional compute, including the new serverless workload, across the organization.
Question 16
Single choice
A company uses an organization in AWS Organizations to manage thousands of Amazon EC2 instances that run in multiple AWS accounts. The company groups the accounts into production and non-production environments that are in separate organizational units (OUs). The company identifies a critical vulnerability in its EC2 instances. The company needs to patch all affected instances. To comply with a security policy, the company must patch instances in the non-production environment before deploying the patch to the production environment. The company needs a scalable and auditable patch management solution across all accounts. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
-
A
Tag each EC2 instance with an environment tag of either Prod or NonProd in all accounts. Enable Organizations delegated administration in the organization management account. Create an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook that patches each instance based on the value of the environment tag. Use Amazon EventBridge to apply patching workflows for non-production instances first, followed by production instances.
-
B
Use AWS Systems Manager State Manager in each account to apply patches to EC2 instances during scheduled maintenance windows. Configure State Manager associations to non-production accounts first, followed by production accounts. Use AWS Config to produce compliance reports for all accounts.
-
C
Configure AWS Systems Manager Patch Manager with patch baselines. Enable delegated administration for Systems Manager and assign a delegated administrator account. Create Systems Manager Automation runbooks that target the OUs. Apply patches to instances in the non-production OU first by using approval gates before patching the production OU. Use Systems Manager Compliance and AWS CloudTrail to audit compliance in the OUs.
-
D
Use AWS Config rules across all accounts to manage patch compliance. Enable Organizations delegated administration in the organization management account. Create an AWS Lambda function to run a patching workflow in non-production accounts and then in production accounts. Configure the function to run when AWS Config identifies non-compliant accounts. Use AWS CloudTrail to audit all patch activity across the organization.
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Close answer details
Correct answerC
ExplanationPatch Manager supplies centrally defined patch baselines, while delegated Systems Manager administration scales control across the organization. Automation runbooks can target the non-production and production OUs separately, and approval gates enforce the required deployment order. Systems Manager Compliance records patch status, while CloudTrail preserves an auditable history of activity.
Question 17
Single choice
An online gaming company needs to rehost its gaming platform on AWS. The company ' s gaming application requires high performance computing (HPC) processing. The application has a leaderboard that updates frequently. The company uses an Amazon EC2 compute optimized instance that runs Ubuntu to host a Node.js application to display the game. The company tracks the state of the application in an on-premises Redis instance. The company needs a migration strategy that optimizes application performance. Which solution will meet these requirements?
-
A
Create an Auto Scaling group of memory optimized Amazon EC2 Spot Instances behind an Application Load Balancer. Use an Amazon ElastiCache (Redis OSS) cluster to maintain the leaderboard.
-
B
Create an Auto Scaling group of compute optimized Amazon EC2 Spot Instances behind an Application Load Balancer. Use an Amazon OpenSearch Service cluster to maintain the leaderboard.
-
C
Create an Auto Scaling group of compute optimized Amazon EC2 On-Demand Instances behind an Application Load Balancer. Use an Amazon ElastiCache (Redis OSS) cluster to maintain the leaderboard.
-
D
Create an Auto Scaling group of memory optimized Amazon EC2 On-Demand Instances behind an Application Load Balancer. Use an Amazon DynamoDB table to maintain the leaderboard.
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Close answer details
Correct answerC
ExplanationAn Auto Scaling group of compute optimized Amazon EC2 On-Demand Instances preserves the HPC-oriented compute profile and adds dependable horizontal capacity behind an Application Load Balancer. On-Demand capacity avoids interruptions to the gaming workload. Amazon ElastiCache for Redis OSS retains the existing Redis data model and provides fast access for the frequently updated leaderboard.
Question 18
Single choice
A company migrated its antivirus solution for 10,000 Amazon EC2 instances to a new software as a service SaaS solution. Fewer than 5% of instances reported in the new SaaS agent. The company suspects that either the new agent failed to load or the new agent's configuration was altered. The company needs to implement a solution to ensure that all instances consistently run the most recent agent version with a predefined configuration. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST administrative overhead?
-
A
Create an AWS Lambda function that is invoked on a schedule. Store a machine list in Amazon S3. Configure the Lambda function to log in to every machine, download and install the most recent version of the agent, and configure the agent.
-
B
Implement an AWS Config rule with auto remediation that uses AWS Lambda for noncompliant events. Develop a Lambda function to access machines and download and install the most recent agent version. Schedule the Lambda function to invoke daily.
-
C
Create an AWS Systems Manager document that defines the agent installation and configuration process. Configure AWS Systems Manager State Manager to associate the document with EC2 instances. Apply the desired state on a daily schedule.
-
D
Log in to EC2 instances by using AWS Systems Manager Session Manager. Update the EC2 user data script to download and install the most recent agent and configure the agent. Reboot all EC2 instances to ensure that the script applies successfully.
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Correct answerC
ExplanationSystems Manager State Manager is designed to keep managed instances in a declared configuration. A Systems Manager document defines the installation and configuration process, and its association applies that desired state to the EC2 fleet on schedule. This continually corrects missing, outdated, or altered agents without maintaining host lists or custom login automation.
Question 19
Single choice
A company that tracks medical devices in hospitals wants to migrate its existing storage solution to the AWS Cloud. The company equips all of its devices with sensors that collect location and usage information. This sensor data is sent in unpredictable patterns with large spikes. The data is stored in a MySQL database running on premises at each hospital. The company wants the cloud storage solution to scale with usage. The company's analytics team uses the sensor data to calculate usage by device type and hospital. The team needs to keep analysis tools running locally while fetching data from the cloud. The team also needs to use existing Java application and SQL queries with as few changes as possible. How should a solutions architect meet these requirements while ensuring the sensor data is secure?
-
A
Store the data in an Amazon Aurora Serverless database. Serve the data through a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Authenticate users using the NLB with credentials stored in AWS Secrets Manager.
-
B
Store the data in an Amazon S3 bucket. Serve the data through Amazon QuickSight using an IAM user authorized with AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) with the S3 bucket as the data source.
-
C
Store the data in an Amazon Aurora Serverless database. Serve the data through the Aurora Data API using an IAM user authorized with AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) and the AWS Secrets Manager ARN.
-
D
Store the data in an Amazon S3 bucket. Serve the data through Amazon Athena using AWS PrivateLink to secure the data in transit.
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Correct answerC
ExplanationAurora Serverless preserves a relational database and SQL-oriented access pattern while scaling for unpredictable sensor-data spikes. The Aurora Data API lets the local Java application submit database operations without maintaining persistent database connections. IAM authorization and the AWS Secrets Manager ARN control access to the database credentials, securing the cloud data path while limiting application changes.
Question 20
Single choice
A company has a standard three-tier architecture using two Availability Zones. During the company's off season, users report that the website is not working. The Solutions Architect finds that no changes have been made to the environment recently, the website is reachable, and it is possible to log in. However, when the Solutions Architect selects the "find a store near you" function, the maps provided on the site by a third-party RESTful API call do not work about 50% of the time after refreshing the page. The outbound API calls are made through Amazon EC2 NAT instances. What is the MOST likely reason for this failure and how can it be mitigated in the future?
-
A
The network ACL for one subnet is blocking outbound web traffic. Open the network ACL and prevent administration from making future changes through IAM.
-
B
The fault is in the third-party environment. Contact the third party that provides the maps and request a fix that will provide better uptime.
-
C
One NAT instance has become overloaded. Replace both EC2 NAT instances with a larger-sized instance and make sure to account for growth when making the new instance size.
-
D
One of the NAT instances failed. Recommend replacing the EC2 NAT instances with a NAT gateway.
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Close answer details
Correct answerD
ExplanationIntermittent failure near 50% across two Availability Zones indicates that one outbound path is unavailable while the other still works. A failed EC2 NAT instance therefore causes requests routed through its zone to miss the external maps API. Replacing the self-managed NAT instances with NAT gateways removes the instance-management burden and provides a managed outbound translation path for each participating zone.
Question 21
Single choice
A company has introduced a new policy that allows employees to work remotely from their homes if they connect by using a VPN. The company is hosting internal applications with VPCs in multiple AWS accounts. Currently, the applications are accessible from the company’s on-premises office network through an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection. The VPC in the company’s main AWS account has peering connections established with VPCs in other AWS accounts. A solutions architect must design a scalable AWS Client VPN solution for employees to use while they work from home. What is the MOST cost-effective solution that meets these requirements?
-
A
Create a Client VPN endpoint in each AWS account. Configure required routing that allows access to internal applications.
-
B
Create a Client VPN endpoint in the main AWS account. Configure required routing that allows access to internal applications.
-
C
Create a Client VPN endpoint in the main AWS account. Provision a transit gateway that is connected to each AWS account. Configure required routing that allows access to internal applications.
-
D
Create a Client VPN endpoint in the main AWS account. Establish connectivity between the Client VPN endpoint and the AWS Site-to-Site VPN.
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Close answer details
Correct answerB
ExplanationCreate one Client VPN endpoint in the main AWS account, where the existing VPC peering connections already lead to the application VPCs. Configure Client VPN authorization and route entries for the internal networks, along with the corresponding routes across each peering connection. Employees then use a shared managed entry point instead of requiring a separate paid endpoint in every account.
Question 22
Single choice
A company has a solution that analyzes weather data from thousands of weather stations. The weather stations send the data over an Amazon API Gateway REST API that has an AWS Lambda function integration. The Lambda function calls a third-party service for data pre-processing. The third-party service gets overloaded and fails the pre-processing, causing a loss of data. A solutions architect must improve the resiliency of the solution. The solutions architect must ensure that no data is lost and that data can be processed later if failures occur. What should the solutions architect do to meet these requirements?
-
A
Create an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue. Configure the queue as the dead-letter queue for the API.
-
B
Create two Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queues: a primary queue and a secondary queue. Configure the secondary queue as the dead-letter queue for the primary queue. Update the API to use a new integration to the primary queue. Configure the Lambda function as the invocation target for the primary queue.
-
C
Create two Amazon EventBridge event buses: a primary event bus and a secondary event bus. Update the API to use a new integration to the primary event bus. Configure an EventBridge rule to react to all events on the primary event bus. Specify the Lambda function as the target of the rule. Configure the secondary event bus as the failure destination for the Lambda function.
-
D
Create a custom Amazon EventBridge event bus. Configure the event bus as the failure destination for the Lambda function.
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Correct answerB
ExplanationSending API requests to the primary SQS queue durably buffers the weather data before third-party processing begins. The queue triggers the Lambda invocation and supports retries when processing fails, decoupling ingestion from service availability. Messages that exhaust the primary queue's retry policy move to the secondary dead-letter queue, where they remain available for later processing.
Question 23
Single choice
A company uses AWS Organizations for a multi-account setup in the AWS Cloud. The company uses AWS Control Tower for governance and uses AWS Transit Gateway for VPC connectivity across accounts. In an AWS application account, the company's application team has deployed a web application that uses AWS Lambda and Amazon RDS. The company's database administrators have a separate DBA account and use the account to centrally manage all the databases across the organization. The database administrators use an Amazon EC2 instance that is deployed in the DBA account to access an RDS database that is deployed in the application account. The application team has stored the database credentials as secrets in AWS Secrets Manager in the application account. The application team is manually sharing the secrets with the database administrators. The secrets are encrypted by the default AWS managed key for Secrets Manager in the application account. A solutions architect needs to implement a solution that gives the database administrators access to the database and eliminates the need to manually share the secrets. Which solution will meet these requirements?
-
A
Use AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM) to share the secrets from the application account with the DBA account. In the DBA account, create an IAM role that is named DBA-Admin. Grant the role the required permissions to access the shared secrets. Attach the DBA-Admin role to the EC2 instance for access to the cross-account secrets.
-
B
In the application account, create an IAM role that is named DBA-Secret. Grant the role the required permissions to access the secrets. In the DBA account, create an IAM role that is named DBA-Admin. Grant the DBA-Admin role the required permissions to assume the DBA-Secret role in the application account. Attach the DBA-Admin role to the EC2 instance for access to the cross-account secrets.
-
C
In the DBA account, create an IAM role that is named DBA-Admin. Grant the role the required permissions to access the secrets and the default AWS managed key in the application account. In the application account, attach resource-based policies to the key to allow access from the DBA account. Attach the DBA-Admin role to the EC2 instance for access to the cross-account secrets.
-
D
In the DBA account, create an IAM role that is named DBA-Admin. Grant the role the required permissions to access the secrets in the application account. Attach an SCP to the application account to allow access to the secrets from the DBA account. Attach the DBA-Admin role to the EC2 instance for access to the cross-account secrets.
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Close answer details
Correct answerB
ExplanationCreate the DBA-Secret role in the application account with permission to retrieve the secrets, then permit the DBA-Admin role in the DBA account to assume it. Attaching DBA-Admin to the EC2 instance provides temporary cross-account role credentials on demand. Because secret access occurs through a role in the application account, the default Secrets Manager encryption arrangement remains local and administrators no longer exchange secret values manually.
Question 24
Multiple choice
A company is migrating its on-premises IoT platform to AWS. The platform consists of the following components: A MongoDB cluster as a data store for all collected and processed IoT data. An application that uses MQTT to connect to IoT devices every 5 minutes to collect data. An application that runs jobs periodically to generate reports from the IoT data. The jobs take 120-600 seconds to finish running. A web application that runs on a web server. End users use the web application to generate reports that are accessible to the general public. The company needs to migrate the platform to AWS to reduce operational overhead while maintaining performance. Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? Select THREE.
-
A
Create AWS Step Functions state machines with AWS Lambda tasks to prepare the reports and to write the reports to Amazon S3. Configure an Amazon CloudFront distribution that has an S3 origin to serve the reports.
-
B
Create an AWS Lambda function. Program the Lambda function to connect to the IoT devices, process the data, and write the data to the data store. Configure a Lambda layer to temporarily store messages for processing.
-
C
Configure an Amazon EKS cluster with Amazon EC2 instances to prepare the reports. Create an ingress controller on the EKS cluster to serve the reports.
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D
Connect the IoT devices to AWS IoT Core to publish messages. Create an AWS IoT rule that runs when a message is received. Configure the rule to call an AWS Lambda function. Program the Lambda function to parse, transform, and store device message data to the data store.
-
E
Migrate the MongoDB cluster to Amazon DocumentDB.
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F
Migrate the MongoDB cluster to Amazon EC2 instances.
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Correct answersA, D, E
ExplanationAWS IoT Core receives published MQTT messages, and an IoT rule invokes Lambda to transform and store each device message without operating brokers. Amazon DocumentDB provides a managed destination compatible with the MongoDB-oriented data model. Step Functions coordinates the long report jobs, while Lambda writes results to S3 and CloudFront serves those public reports efficiently.
Question 25
Multiple choice
A company needs to store and process image data that will be uploaded from mobile devices using a custom mobile app. Usage peaks between 8 AM and 5 PM on weekdays, with thousands of uploads per minute. The app is rarely used at any other time A user is notified when image processing is complete. Which combination of actions should a solutions architect take to ensure image processing can scale to handle the load1? (Select THREE.)
-
A
Upload files from the mobile software directly to Amazon S3. Use S3 event notifications to create a message in an Amazon MQ queue.
-
B
Upload files from the mobile software directly to Amazon S3. Use S3 event notifications to create a message in an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) standard queue.
-
C
Invoke an AWS Lambda function to perform image processing when a message is available in the queue.
-
D
Invoke an S3 Batch Operations job to perform image processing when a message is available in the queue.
-
E
Send a push notification to the mobile app by using Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) when processing is complete.
-
F
Send a push notification to the mobile app by using Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) when processing is complete.
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Close answer details
Correct answersB, C, E
ExplanationDirect uploads to S3 remove application servers from the ingestion path, and S3 event notifications place work in an SQS standard queue that buffers thousands of uploads per minute. An AWS Lambda function consumes queued messages and scales image processing with demand. When processing finishes, SNS sends the required push notification to the mobile app, completing the asynchronous workflow.
Question 26
Single choice
A company has a web application that allows users to upload short videos. The videos are stored on Amazon EBS volumes and analyzed by custom recognition software for categorization. The website contains static content that has variable traffic with peaks in certain months. The architecture consists of Amazon EC2 instances running in an Auto Scaling group for the web application and EC2 instances running in an Auto Scaling group to process an Amazon SQS-queue. The company wants to re-architect the application to reduce operational overhead using AWS managed services where possible and remove dependencies on third-party software. Which solution meets these requirements?
-
A
Use Amazon ECS containers for the web application and Spot Instances for the Auto Scaling group that processes the SQS queue. Replace the custom software with Amazon Recognition to categorize the videos.
-
B
Store the uploaded videos n Amazon EFS and mount the file system to the EC2 instances for Te web application. Process the SOS queue with an AWS Lambda function that calls the Amazon Rekognition API to categorize the videos.
-
C
Host the web application in Amazon S3. Store the uploaded videos in Amazon S3. Use S3 event notifications to publish events to the SQS queue Process the SQS queue with an AWS Lambda function that calls the Amazon Rekognition API to categorize the videos.
-
D
Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk to launch EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group for the web application and launch a worker environment to process the SQS queue Replace the custom software with Amazon Rekognition to categorize the videos.
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Correct answerC
ExplanationAmazon S3 can host the static website and store uploaded videos, eliminating the web server and EBS dependencies. S3 event notifications publish new-upload events to the SQS queue, which preserves asynchronous processing. Lambda consumes the queue and calls Amazon Rekognition to categorize each video, replacing both the processing fleet and the custom recognition software.
Question 27
Single choice
A company uses AWS Organizations to manage its AWS accounts. The company needs a list of all its Amazon EC2 instances that have underutilized CPU or memory usage. The company also needs recommendations for how to downsize these underutilized instances. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST effort?
-
A
Install a CPU and memory monitoring tool from AWS Marketplace on all the EC2 Instances. Store the findings in Amazon S3. Implement a Python script to identify underutilized instances. Reference EC2 instance pricing information for recommendations about downsizing options.
-
B
Install the Amazon CloudWatch agent on all the EC2 instances by using AWS Systems Manager. Retrieve the resource op! nization recommendations from AWS Cost Explorer in the organization's management account. Use the recommendations to downsize underutilized instances in all accounts of the organization.
-
C
Install the Amazon CloudWatch agent on all the EC2 instances by using AWS Systems Manager. Retrieve the resource optimization recommendations from AWS Cost Explorer in each account of the organization. Use the recommendations to downsize underutilized instances in all accounts of the organization.
-
D
Install the Amazon CloudWatch agent on all the EC2 instances by using AWS Systems Manager Create an AWS Lambda function to extract CPU and memory usage from all the EC2 instances. Store the findings as files in Amazon S3. Use Amazon Athena to find underutilized instances. Reference EC2 instance pricing information for recommendations about downsizing options.
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Close answer details
Correct answerB
ExplanationThe CloudWatch agent supplies memory metrics that are not available from the basic EC2 CPU metrics alone, and Systems Manager provides a centralized way to install it. Cost Explorer resource optimization recommendations in the organization's management account can then identify underutilized instances and propose downsizing across member accounts. This avoids per-account review and custom analysis code.
Question 28
Single choice
A company runs an ecommerce web application on AWS. The static website is hosted on Amazon S3 and served through Amazon CloudFront. Amazon API Gateway invokes AWS Lambda functions for order processing, and the Lambda functions store data in an Amazon RDS for MySQL database that uses On-Demand DB Instances. Recently, the application has experienced SQL injection attacks and increased latency during peak periods because of Lambda cold starts. The RDS database has a stable, predictable workload and is expected to run continuously for several years. The company wants to protect the application against web exploits, reduce Lambda cold-start latency, and reduce database costs. Which solution will meet these requirements?
-
A
Increase the Lambda timeout, use RDS Reserved Instances, and use AWS Shield Advanced.
-
B
Increase the Lambda memory, migrate the database to Amazon Redshift, and use Amazon Inspector.
-
C
Use Lambda provisioned concurrency, migrate the database to Amazon Aurora Serverless, and use AWS Shield Advanced.
-
D
Use Lambda provisioned concurrency, use RDS Reserved Instances, and use AWS WAF with CloudFront.
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Close answer details
Correct answerD
ExplanationLambda provisioned concurrency keeps initialized execution environments ready to handle requests, reducing cold-start latency during peak periods. AWS WAF can be associated with CloudFront to inspect HTTP requests and protect the application against common web exploits, including SQL injection. Because the RDS workload is stable, predictable, and expected to run continuously for an extended period, RDS Reserved Instances can reduce database costs compared with On-Demand pricing. AWS Shield Advanced focuses primarily on DDoS protection and does not replace AWS WAF for filtering SQL injection attacks.
Question 29
Single choice
A company wants to allow its Marketing team to perform SQL queries on customer records to identify market segments. The data is spread across hundreds of files. The records must be encrypted in transit and at rest. The Team Manager must have the ability to manage users and groups, but no team members should have access to services or resources not required for the SQL queries. Additionally, Administrators need to audit the queries made and receive notifications when a query violates rules defined by the Security team. AWS Organizations has been used to create a new account and an AWS IAM user with administrator permissions for the Team Manager. Which design meets these requirements?
-
A
Apply a service control policy (SCP) that allows access to IAM, Amazon RDS, and AWS CloudTrail. Load customer records in Amazon RDS MySQL and train users to execute queries using the AWS CLI. Stream the query logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs from the RDS database instance. Use a subscription filter with AWS Lambda functions to audit and alarm on queries against personal data.
-
B
Apply a service control policy (SCP) that denies access to all services except IAM, Amazon Athena, Amazon S3, and AWS CloudTrail. Store customer record files in Amazon S3 and train users to execute queries using the CLI via Athena. Analyze CloudTrail events to audit and alarm on queries against personal data.
-
C
Apply a service control policy (SCP) that denies access to all services except IAM, Amazon DynamoDB, and AWS CloudTrail. Store customer records in DynamoDB and train users to execute queries using the AWS CLI. Enable DynamoDB streams to track the queries that are issued and use an AWS Lambda function for real-time monitoring and alerting.
-
D
Apply a service control policy (SCP) that allows access to IAM, Amazon Athena, Amazon S3, and AWS CloudTrail. Store customer records as files in Amazon S3 and train users to leverage the Amazon S3 Select feature and execute queries using the AWS CLI. Enable S3 object-level logging and analyze CloudTrail events to audit and alarm on queries against personal data.
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Close answer details
Correct answerB
ExplanationA deny-list SCP that permits only IAM, Amazon Athena, Amazon S3, and CloudTrail confines the account to identity management, encrypted file storage, SQL queries, and auditing. Customer files remain in S3 and users query them directly via Athena, avoiding a database migration. CloudTrail records the query activity so monitoring can identify operations that violate security rules and generate notifications.
Question 30
Single choice
A company has an online learning platform that teaches data science. The platform uses the AWS Cloud to provision on-demand lab environments for its students. Each student receives a dedicated AWS account for a short time. Students need access to ml.p2.xlarge instances to run a single Amazon SageMaker machine learning training job and to deploy the inference endpoint. Account provisioning is automated. The accounts are members of an organization in AWS Organizations with all features enabled. The accounts must be provisioned in the ap-southeast-2 Region. The default resource usage quotas are not sufficient for the accounts. A solutions architect must enhance the account provisioning process to include automated quota increases. Which solution will meet these requirements?
-
A
Create a quota request template in the us-east-1 Region in the organization's management account. Enable template association. Add a quota for SageMaker in ap-southeast-2 for ml.p2.xlarge training job usage. Set the desired quota to 1. Add a quota for SageMaker in ap-southeast-2 for ml.p2.xlarge endpoint usage. Set the desired quota to 1.
-
B
Create a quota request template in the us-east-1 Region in the organization's management account. Enable template association. Add a quota for SageMaker in ap-southeast-2 for ml.p2.xlarge training warm pool usage. Set the desired quota to 2.
-
C
Create a quota request template in ap-southeast-2 in the organization's management account. Enable template association. Add a quota for SageMaker in the us-east-1 Region for ml.p2.xlarge training job usage. Set the desired quota to 1. Add a quota for SageMaker in us-east-1 for ml.p2.xlarge endpoint usage. Set the desired quota to 1.
-
D
Create a quota request template in ap-southeast-2 in the organization's management account. Enable template association. Add a quota for SageMaker in the us-east-1 Region for ml.p2.xlarge training warm pool usage. Set the desired quota to 2.
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Close answer details
Correct answerA
ExplanationCreate the quota request template in us-east-1 from the organization's management account and enable its association with new member accounts. The template must request the two resources actually consumed in ap-southeast-2: one ml.p2.xlarge training job and one ml.p2.xlarge endpoint. This automatically applies both regional SageMaker quota increases as each temporary student account is provisioned.
Question 31
Multiple choice
A company ' s factory and automaton applications are running in a single VPC More than 23 applications run on a combination of Amazon EC2, Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS), are Amazon RDS. The company has software engineers spread across three teams. One of the three teams owns each application, and each team is responsible for the cost and performance of all of its applications.Team resources have tags that represent their application and team. The learns use IAH access for daily activities. The company needs to determine which costs on the monthly AWS bill are attributable to each application or team. The company also must be able to create reports to compare costs item the last 12 months and to help forecast costs tor the next 12 months. A solution architect must recommend an AWS Billing and Cost Management solution that provides these cost reports. Which combination of actions will meet these requirement? Select THREE.)
-
A
Activate the user-defined cost allocation tags that represent the application and the team.
-
B
Activate the AWS generated cost allocation tags that represent the application and the team.
-
C
Create a cost category for each application in Billing and Cost Management
-
D
Activate IAM access to Billing and Cost Management.
-
E
-
F
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Close answer details
Correct answersA, D, F
ExplanationThe existing application and team tags are user-defined, so activating them as cost allocation tags makes those dimensions available for cost attribution. IAM access lets the engineering teams use Billing and Cost Management without relying on root access. Enabling Cost Explorer provides historical cost comparisons and forecasting, covering both the prior 12-month analysis and the forward-looking report.
Question 32
Multiple choice
A solutions architect is creating an application that stores objects in an Amazon S3 bucket The solutions architect must deploy the application in two AWS Regions that will be used simultaneously. The objects in the two S3 buckets must remain synchronized with each other. Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead? (Select THREE)
-
A
Create an S3 Multi-Region Access Point. Change the application to refer to the Multi-Region Access Point
-
B
Configure two-way S3 Cross-Region Replication (CRR) between the two S3 buckets
-
C
Modify the application to store objects in each S3 bucket.
-
D
Create an S3 Lifecycle rule for each S3 bucket to copy objects from one S3 bucket to the other S3 bucket.
-
E
Enable S3 Versioning for each S3 bucket
-
F
Configure an event notification for each S3 bucket to invoke an AVVS Lambda function to copy objects from one S3 bucket to the other S3 bucket.
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Close answer details
Correct answersA, B, E
ExplanationAn S3 Multi-Region Access Point gives the application one global access point for both active Regions. Two-way Cross-Region Replication copies writes from either bucket to the other, keeping their object sets synchronized. S3 Versioning must be enabled on both source and destination buckets for replication, completing the managed design without application-managed dual writes, Lambda copy functions, or lifecycle copying.
Question 33
Single choice
A company is developing a gene reporting device that will collect genomic information to assist researchers with collecting large samples of data from a diverse population. The device will push 8 KB of genomic data every second to a data platform that will need to process and analyze the data and provide information back to researchers. The data platform must meet the following requirements: - Provide near-real-time analytics of the inbound genomic data - Ensure the data is flexible, parallel, and durable - Deliver results of processing to a data warehouse Which strategy should a solutions architect use to meet these requirements?
-
A
Use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to collect the inbound sensor data, analyze the data with Kinesis clients, and save the results to an Amazon RDS instance.
-
B
Use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to collect the inbound sensor data, analyze the data with Kinesis clients, and save the results to an Amazon Redshift cluster using Amazon EMR.
-
C
Use Amazon S3 to collect the inbound device data, analyze the data from Amazon SOS with Kinesis, and save the results to an Amazon Redshift cluster.
-
D
Use an Amazon API Gateway to put requests into an Amazon SQS queue, analyze the data with an AWS Lambda function, and save the results to an Amazon Redshift cluster using Amazon EMR.
Reveal answer details
Close answer details
Correct answerB
ExplanationKinesis Data Streams provides durable, parallel stream ingestion for the continuous 8 KB device records. Multiple Kinesis clients can process the incoming genomic data concurrently and produce near-real-time analytics. Amazon EMR can then write the processed results into an Amazon Redshift cluster, satisfying the requirement to deliver analytical output to a data warehouse.
Question 34
Single choice
A company has an internal AWS Elastic Beanstalk worker environment inside a VPC that must access an external payment gateway API available on an HTTPS endpoint on the public internet. Because of security policies, the payment gateway's Application team can grant access to only one public IP address. Which architecture will set up an Elastic Beanstalk environment to access the company's application without making multiple changes on the company's end?
-
A
Configure the Elastic Beanstalk application to place Amazon EC2 instances in a private subnet with an outbound route to a NAT gateway in a public subnet. Associate an Elastic IP address to the NAT gateway that can be whitelisted on the payment gateway application side.
-
B
Configure the Elastic Beanstalk application to place Amazon EC2 instances in a public subnet with an internet gateway. Associate an Elastic IP address to the internet gateway that can be whitelisted on the payment gateway application side.
-
C
Configure the Elastic Beanstalk application to place Amazon EC2 instances in a private subnet. Set an HTTPS_PROXY application parameter to send outbound HTTPS connections to an EC2 proxy server deployed in a public subnet. Associate an Elastic IP address to the EC2 proxy host that can be whitelisted on the payment gateway application side.
-
D
Configure the Elastic Beanstalk application to place Amazon EC2 instances in a public subnet. Set the HTTPS_PROXY and NO_PROXY application parameters to send non-VPC outbound HTTPS connections to an EC2 proxy server deployed in a public subnet. Associate an Elastic IP address to the EC2 proxy host that can be whitelisted on the payment gateway application side.
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Close answer details
Correct answerA
ExplanationThe Elastic Beanstalk EC2 instances remain in a private subnet and use a route to the NAT gateway for outbound HTTPS access. Because the NAT gateway is in a public subnet and has an Elastic IP address, outbound connections present one stable public source address that the payment gateway can whitelist. Scaling or replacing application instances does not require additional whitelist changes.
Question 35
Single choice
A company has set up its entire infrastructure on AWS. The company uses Amazon EC2 instances to host its ecommerce website and uses Amazon S3 to store static data. Three engineers at the company handle the cloud administration and development through one AWS account. Occasionally, an engineer alters an EC2 security group configuration of another engineer and causes noncompliance issues in the environment. A solutions architect must set up a system that tracks changes that the engineers make. The system must send alerts when the engineers make noncompliant changes to the security settings for the EC2 instances. What is the FASTEST way for the solutions architect to meet these requirements?
-
A
Set up AWS Organizations for the company. Apply SCPs to govern and track noncompliant security group changes that are made to the AWS account.
-
B
Enable AWS CloudTrail to capture the changes to EC2 security groups. Enable Amazon CtoudWatch rules to provide alerts when noncompliant security settings are detected.
-
C
Enable SCPs on the AWS account to provide alerts when noncompliant security group changes are made to the environment.
-
D
Enable AWS Config on the EC2 security groups to track any noncompliant changes Send the changes as alerts through an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.
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Close answer details
Correct answerD
ExplanationAWS Config records security group configuration changes and evaluates the groups against compliance rules, so it addresses both change tracking and detection of noncompliant settings. Routing compliance changes through an Amazon SNS topic provides immediate alerts to the responsible team. CloudTrail records API activity, but Config supplies the direct resource-state and compliance evaluation required here.
Question 36
Single choice
A company is running an application that uses an Amazon ElastiCache for Redis cluster as a caching layer. A recent security audit revealed that the company has configured encryption at rest for ElastiCache. However, the company did not configure ElastiCache to use encryption in transit. Additionally, users can access the cache without authentication. A solutions architect must make changes to require user authentication and to ensure that the company is using end-to-end encryption. Which solution will meet these requirements?
-
A
Create an AUTH token. Store the token in AWS System Manager Parameter Store, as an encrypted parameter. Create a new cluster with AUTH, and configure encryption in transit. Update the application to retrieve the AUTH token from Parameter Store when necessary and to use the AUTH token for authentication.
-
B
Create an AUTH token. Store the token in AWS Secrets Manager. Configure the existing cluster to use the AUTH token, and configure encryption in transit. Update the application to retrieve the AUTH token from Secrets Manager when necessary and to use the AUTH token for authentication.
-
C
Create an SSL certificate. Store the certificate in AWS Secrets Manager. Create a new cluster, and configure encryption in transit. Update the application to retrieve the SSL certificate from Secrets Manager when necessary and to use the certificate for authentication.
-
D
Create an SSL certificate. Store the certificate in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store, as an encrypted advanced parameter. Update the existing cluster to configure encryption in transit. Update the application to retrieve the SSL certificate from Parameter Store when necessary and to use the certificate for authentication.
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Close answer details
Correct answerA
ExplanationAuthentication requires a Redis AUTH token, and encryption in transit must be enabled on the cache configuration. Creating a new cluster with both settings establishes those controls together. Keeping the AUTH token as an encrypted Systems Manager Parameter Store value prevents it from being embedded in application code, while the application retrieves and presents it when connecting.
Question 37
Single choice
A company deploys an AI agent on Amazon Bedrock AgentCore Runtime. The agent processes customer requests. Some agent actions are classified as high risk and must receive human approval before proceeding. The workflow must pause the agent, notify a human approver, and resume or cancel the action based on the approver's decision. Approvals typically take between 5 minutes and 60 minutes. Which solution will meet these requirements?
-
A
Configure the agent to write high-risk action requests to an Amazon SQS queue. Create a separate polling application that reads the queue and sends approval email messages by using Amazon SES. Configure the application to invoke the agent by providing the approval result.
-
B
Configure an AWS Step Functions workflow that invokes the agent. Use a task token callback pattern to pause the workflow when the agent identifies a high-risk action. Send the task token to an approver by using Amazon SNS. Resume or cancel the workflow when the approver responds with the task token.
-
C
Configure the agent to invoke an AWS Lambda function for high-risk actions. Configure the Lambda function to send an approval email message by using Amazon SNS. Configure the Lambda function to poll an Amazon DynamoDB table until the approver updates the approval status.
-
D
Configure an Amazon EventBridge rule that intercepts all agent actions. Route high-risk actions to a separate approval queue. Create a second agent that monitors the queue and automatically approves or rejects actions without human input based on predefined rules.
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Close answer details
Correct answerB
ExplanationAn AWS Step Functions task token callback pattern supports an asynchronous approval that lasts longer than a normal synchronous invocation. When the agent identifies a high-risk action, the workflow pauses and Amazon SNS sends the token to the approver. Returning that token with the decision resumes the same workflow so it can execute or cancel the action without polling or holding compute for 5 to 60 minutes.
Question 38
Multiple choice
A company has many separate AWS accounts and uses no central billing or management. Each AWS account hosts services for different departments in the company. The company has a Microsoft Azure Active Directory that is deployed. A solution architect needs to centralize billing and management of the company's AWS accounts. The company wants to start using identify federation instead of manual user management. The company also wants to use temporary credentials instead of long-lived access keys. Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose three)
-
A
Create a new AWS account to serve as a management account. Deploy an organization in AWS Organizations. Invite each existing AWS account to join the organization. Ensure that each account accepts the invitation.
-
B
Configure each AWS Account's email address to be aws+<account id>@example.com so that account management email messages and invoices are sent to the same place.
-
C
Deploy AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) in the management account. Connect IAM Identity Center to the Azure Active Directory. Configure IAM Identity Center for automatic synchronization of users and groups.
-
D
Deploy an AWS Managed Microsoft AD directory in the management account. Share the directory with all other accounts in the organization by using AWS Resource Access Manager (AWS RAM).
-
E
Create AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) permission sets. Attach the permission sets to the appropriate IAM Identity Center groups and AWS accounts.
-
F
Configure AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) in each AWS account to use AWS Managed Microsoft AD for authentication and authorization.
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Close answer details
Correct answersA, C, E
ExplanationA new Organizations management account centralizes the existing accounts and consolidated billing after each account joins. IAM Identity Center connects to Azure Active Directory and automatically synchronizes users and groups, replacing separate manual identities. Permission sets attached to the appropriate groups and AWS accounts define access centrally and issue temporary role credentials instead of long-lived access keys.
Question 39
Single choice
A company has an organization in AWS Organizations that has a large number of AWS accounts. One of the AWS accounts is designated as a transit account and has a transit gateway that is shared with all of the other AWS accounts. AWS Site-to-Site VPN connections are configured between all of the company's global offices and the transit account. The company has AWS Config enabled on all of its accounts. The company's networking team needs to centrally manage a list of internal IP address ranges that belong to the global offices. Developers will reference this list to gain access to their applications securely. Which solution meets these requirements with the LEAST amount of operational overhead?
-
A
Create a JSON file that is hosted in Amazon S3 and that lists all of the internal IP address ranges. Configure an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic in each of the accounts that can be invoked when the JSON file is updated. Subscribe an AWS Lambda function to the SNS topic to update all relevant security group rules with the updated IP address ranges.
-
B
Create a new AWS Config managed rule that contains all of the internal IP address ranges. Use the rule to check the security groups in each of the accounts to ensure compliance with the list of IP address ranges. Configure the rule to automatically remediate any noncompliant security group that is detected.
-
C
In the transit account, create a VPC prefix list with all of the internal IP address ranges. Use AWS Resource Access Manager to share the prefix list with all of the other accounts. Use the shared prefix list to configure security group rules in the other accounts.
-
D
In the transit account, create a security group with all of the internal IP address ranges. Configure the security groups in the other accounts to reference the transit account's security group by using a nested security group reference of "<transit-account-id>/sg-1a2b3c4d".
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Close answer details
Correct answerC
ExplanationA VPC prefix list provides one centrally managed collection of the offices' internal IP address ranges. Creating it in the transit account and sharing it through AWS Resource Access Manager makes the same list available to all participating accounts. Security groups can reference the shared prefix list directly, so one update changes the centrally maintained ranges without custom functions or replicated rules.
Question 40
Single choice
A North American company with headquarters on the East Coast is deploying a new web application running on Amazon EC2 in the us-east-1 Region. The application should dynamically scale to meet user demand and maintain resiliency. Additionally, the application must have disaster recovery capabilities in an active-passive configuration with the us-west-1 Region. Which steps should a solutions architect take after creating a VPC in the us-east-1 Region?
-
A
Create a VPC in the us-west-1 Region. Use inter-Region VPC peering to connect both VPCs. Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) spanning multiple Availability Zones (AZs) to the VPC in the us-east-1 Region. Deploy EC2 instances across multiple AZs in each Region as part of an Auto Scaling group spanning both VPCs and served by the ALB.
-
B
Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) spanning multiple Availability Zones (AZs) to the VPC in the us-east-1 Region. Deploy EC2 instances across multiple AZs as part of an Auto Scaling group served by the ALB. Deploy the same solution to the us-west-1 Region Create an Amazon Route 53 record set with a failover routing policy and health checks enabled to provide high availability across both Regions.
-
C
Create a VPC in the us-west-1 Region. Use inter-Region VPC peering to connect both VPCs Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that spans both VPCs Deploy EC2 instances across multiple Availability Zones as part of an Auto Scaling group in each VPC served by the ALB. Create an Amazon Route 53 record that points to the ALB.
-
D
Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) spanning multiple Availability Zones (AZs) to the VPC in the us-east-1 Region. Deploy EC2 instances across multiple AZs as part of an Auto Scaling group served by the ALB. Deploy the same solution to the us-west-1 Region. Create separate Amazon Route 53 records in each Region that point to the ALB in the Region. Use Route 53 health checks to provide high availability across both Regions.
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Close answer details
Correct answerB
ExplanationEach Region needs its own resilient application stack: an ALB spanning multiple Availability Zones and an Auto Scaling group with instances across those zones. A Route 53 failover record set expresses the required active-passive relationship. Health checks keep traffic on the us-east-1 primary while it is healthy and direct requests to the equivalent us-west-1 deployment during a regional failure.
Question 41
Multiple choice
A company would like to implement a serverless application by using Amazon API Gateway, AWS Lambda, and Amazon DynamoDB. They deployed a proof of concept and stated that the average response time is greater than what their upstream services can accept. Amazon CloudWatch metrics did not indicate any issues with DynamoDB but showed that some Lambda functions were hitting their timeout. Which of the following actions should the Solutions Architect consider to improve performance? (Choose two.)
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A
Configure the AWS Lambda function to reuse containers to avoid unnecessary startup time.
-
B
Increase the amount of memory and adjust the timeout on the Lambda function. Complete performance testing to identify the ideal memory and timeout configuration for the Lambda function.
-
C
Create an Amazon ElastiCache cluster running Memcached, and configure the Lambda function for VPC integration with access to the Amazon ElastiCache cluster.
-
D
Enable API cache on the appropriate stage in Amazon API Gateway, and override the TTL for individual methods that require a lower TTL than the entire stage.
-
E
Increase the amount of CPU, and adjust the timeout on the Lambda function. Complete performance testing to identify the ideal CPU and timeout configuration for the Lambda function.
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Correct answersB, D
ExplanationIncreasing Lambda memory can provide more execution resources, while adjusting the timeout prevents valid longer-running work from being terminated; performance testing identifies an effective combination. Enabling the API cache at the appropriate API Gateway stage returns reusable responses without invoking Lambda and DynamoDB again. Per-method TTL overrides preserve fresher results where the stage-wide cache duration is unsuitable.
Question 42
Single choice
A web application is hosted in a dedicated VPC that is connected to a company's on-premises data center over a Site-to-Site VPN connection. The application is accessible from the company network only. This is a temporary non-production application that is used during business hours. The workload is generally low with occasional surges. The application has an Amazon Aurora MySQL provisioned database cluster on the backend. The VPC has an internet gateway and a NAT gateways attached. The web servers are in private subnets in an Auto Scaling group behind an Elastic Load Balancer. The web servers also upload data to an Amazon S3 bucket through the internet. A solutions architect needs to reduce operational costs and simplify the architecture. Which strategy should the solutions architect use?
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A
Review the Auto Scaling group settings and ensure the scheduled actions are specified to operate the Amazon EC2 instances during business hours only. Use 3-year scheduled Reserved Instances for the web server EC2 instances. Detach the internet gateway and remove the NAT gateways from the VPC. Use an Aurora Serverless database and set up a VPC endpoint for the S3 bucket.
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B
Review the Auto Scaling group settings and ensure the scheduled actions are specified to operate the Amazon EC2 instances during business hours only. Detach the internet gateway and remove the NAT gateways from the VPC. Use an Aurora Serverless database and set up a VPC endpoint for the S3 bucket, then update the network routing and security rules and policies related to the changes.
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C
Review the Auto Scaling group settings and ensure the scheduled actions are specified to operate the Amazon EC2 instances during business hours only. Detach the internet gateway from the VPC, and use an Aurora Serverless database. Set up a VPC endpoint for the S3 bucket, then update the network routing and security rules and policies related to the changes.
-
D
Use 3-year scheduled Reserved Instances for the web server Amazon EC2 instances. Remove the NAT gateways from the VPC, and set up a VPC endpoint for the S3 bucket. Use Amazon CloudWatch and AWS Lambda to stop and start the Aurora DB cluster so it operates during business hours only. Update the network routing and security rules and policies related to the changes.
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Close answer details
Correct answerB
ExplanationReview the Auto Scaling group settings and schedule EC2 capacity for business hours, eliminating idle web servers. Because access is private through the VPN, the internet gateway and NAT gateways can be removed. An S3 VPC endpoint keeps uploads on private connectivity, while Aurora Serverless aligns database capacity with intermittent demand. Routing, policies, and security rules must be updated for the private path.
Question 43
Single choice
A solutions architect must create a business case for migration of a company's on-premises data center to the AWS Cloud. The solutions architect will use a configuration management database (CMDB) export of all the company's servers to create the case. Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
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A
Use AWS Well-Architected Tool to import the CMDB data to perform an analysis and generate recommendations.
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B
Use Migration Evaluator to perform an analysis. Use the data import template to upload the data from the CMDB export.
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C
Implement resource matching rules. Use the CMDB export and the AWS Price List Bulk API to query CMDB data against AWS services in bulk.
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D
Use AWS Application Discovery Service to import the CMDB data to perform an analysis.
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Correct answerB
ExplanationMigration Evaluator is designed to analyze existing server inventory and build a cost-focused migration business case. Its data import template accepts the available CMDB export, so the company can upload existing inventory instead of deploying collectors or building custom pricing and resource-matching logic. This meets the analysis requirement with the lowest implementation effort.
Question 44
Single choice
A company processes environment data. The has a set up sensors to provide a continuous stream of data from different areas in a city. The data is available in JSON format. The company wants to use an AWS solution to send the data to a database that does not require fixed schemas for storage. The data must be send in real time. Which solution will meet these requirements?
-
A
Use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehouse to send the data to Amazon Redshift.
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B
Use Amazon Kinesis Data streams to send the data to Amazon DynamoDB.
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C
Use Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka (Amazon MSK) to send the data to Amazon Aurora.
-
D
Use Amazon Kinesis Data firehouse to send the data to Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra).
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Close answer details
Correct answerB
ExplanationAmazon Kinesis Data Streams accepts the continuous sensor records for real-time consumption, while Amazon DynamoDB stores JSON-derived items without requiring a fixed relational schema. This combination matches both decisive needs: streaming ingestion rather than a batch-oriented database load, and flexible NoSQL storage rather than a predefined table structure such as a data warehouse schema.
Question 45
Single choice
A company wants to migrate a 30 TB Oracle data warehouse from on premises to Amazon Redshift The company used the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT) to convert the schema of the existing data warehouse to an Amazon Redshift schema The company also used a migration assessment report to identify manual tasks to complete. The company needs to migrate the data to the new Amazon Redshift cluster during an upcoming data freeze period of 2 weeks The only network connection between the on-premises data warehouse and AWS is a 50 Mops internet connection. Which migration strategy meets these requirements?
-
A
Create an AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) replication instance. Authorize the public IP address of the replication instance to reach the data warehouse through the corporate firewall. Create a migration task to run at the beginning of the data freeze period.
-
B
Install the AWS SCT extraction agents on the on-premises servers. Define the extract, upload, and copy tasks to send the data to an Amazon S3 bucket. Copy the data into the Amazon Redshift cluster. Run the tasks at the beginning of the data freeze period.
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C
Install the AWS SCT extraction agents on the on-premises servers. Create a Site-to-Site VPN connection. Create an AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) replication instance that is the appropriate size. Authorize the IP address of the replication instance to be able to access the on-premises data warehouse through the VPN connection.
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D
Create a job in AWS Snowball Edge to import data into Amazon S3. Install AWS SCT extraction agents on the on-premises servers. Define the local and AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) tasks to send the data to the Snowball Edge device. When the Snowball Edge device is returned to AWS and the data is available in Amazon S3, run the AWS DMS subtask to copy the data to Amazon Redshift.
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Close answer details
Correct answerD
ExplanationTransferring 30 TB through a 50 Mbps connection cannot complete within the two-week data freeze. A Snowball Edge job moves the bulk data by device instead of relying on that constrained link. AWS SCT extraction agents and local tasks load the device; after AWS imports the device data into Amazon S3, the migration subtask copies it into the converted Amazon Redshift schema.
Question 46
Single choice
A company's solutions architect is evaluating an AWS workload that was deployed several years ago. The application tier is stateless and runs on a single large Amazon EC2 instance that was launched from an AMI. The application stores data in a MySOL database that runs on a single EC2 instance. The CPU utilization on the application server EC2 instance often reaches 100% and causes the application to stop responding. The company manually installs patches on the instances. Patching has caused downtime in the past. The company needs to make the application highly available. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST development time?
-
A
Move the application tier to AWS Lambda functions in the existing VPC. Create an Application Load Balancer to distribute traffic across the Lambda functbns. Use Amazon GuardDuty to scan the Lambda functions. Migrate the database to Amazon DocumentDB (with MongoDB compatibility).
-
B
Change the EC2 instance type to a smaller Graviton powered instance type. use the existing AMI to create a launch template for an Auto Scaling group. Create an Application Load Balancer to distribute traffic across the instances in the Auto Scaling group. Set the Auto Scaling group to scale based on CPU utilization. Migrate the database to Amazon DynamoDB.
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C
Move the application tier to containers by using Docker. Run the containers on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) with EC2 instances. Create an Application Load Balancer to distribute traffic across the ECS cluster Configure the ECS cluster to scale based on CPU utilization. Migrate the database to Amazon Neptune.
-
D
Create a new AMI that is configured with AWS Systems Manager Agent (SSM Agent). Use the new AMI to create a launch template for an Auto Scaling group. Use smaller instances in the Auto Scaling group. Create an Application Load Balancer to distribute traffic across the instances in the Auto Scaling group. Set the Auto Scaling group to scale based on CPU utilization. Migrate the database to Amazon Aurora MySQL.
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Close answer details
Correct answerD
ExplanationThe stateless application can be scaled horizontally with smaller EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group, while an Application Load Balancer distributes traffic and CPU-based scaling addresses saturation. A new AMI with Systems Manager Agent supports managed patching and instance replacement. Aurora MySQL preserves compatibility with the existing MySQL data model while providing a highly available managed database.
Question 47
Single choice
A company has an application that uses Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. The quality assurance (QA) department needs to launch and test the application. The application environments are currently launched by the manager of the department using an AWS CloudFormation template. To launch the stack, the manager uses a role with permission to use CloudFormation, EC2, and Auto Scaling APIs. The manager wants to allow QA to launch environments, but does not want to grant broad permissions to each user. Which set up would achieve these goals?
-
A
Upload the AWS CloudFormation template to Amazon S3. Give users in the QA department permission to assume the manager ' s role, restricts the permissions to the template and the resources it creates. Train users to launch the template from the CloudFormation console.
-
B
Create an AWS Service Catalog product from the environment template. Add a launch constraint to the product with the existing manager ' s department permission to use AWS Service Catalog APIs only. Train users to launch the template from the AWS Service Catalog console.
-
C
Upload the AWS CloudFormation template to Amazon S3. Give users in the QA department permission to use CloudFormation and restrict the permissions to the template and the resources it creates. Train users to launch the template from the CloudFormation console.
-
D
Create an AWS Elastic Beanstalk application from the environment template. Give users in the QA department permission to use Elastic Beanstalk only. Train users to launch Elastic Beanstalk environments with the Elastic Beanstalk CLI, passing the existing role to the environment.
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Close answer details
Correct answerB
ExplanationAWS Service Catalog publishes the environment template as an approved product that QA users can launch through a controlled interface. The launch constraint causes provisioning to use the manager's existing role, which has the required CloudFormation, EC2, and Auto Scaling permissions. QA therefore needs only Service Catalog API access instead of broad infrastructure permissions.
Question 48
Single choice
A company needs to modernize an application and migrate the application to AWS. The application stores user profile data as text in a single table in an on-premises MySQL database. After the modernization, users will use the application to upload video files that are up to 4 GB in size. Other users must be able to download the video files from the application. The company needs a video storage solution that provides rapid scaling. The solution must not affect application performance. Which solution will meet these requirements?
-
A
Migrate the database to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL by using AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS). Store the videos as base64-encoded strings in a TEXT column in the database.
-
B
Migrate the database to Amazon DynamoDB by using AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) with the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT). Store the videos as objects in Amazon S3. Store the S3 key in the corresponding DynamoDB item.
-
C
Migrate the database to Amazon Keyspaces (for Apache Cassandra) by using AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) with the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT). Store the videos as objects in Amazon S3. Store the S3 object identifier in the corresponding Amazon Keyspaces entry.
-
D
Migrate the database to Amazon DynamoDB by using AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) with the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT). Store the videos as base64-encoded strings in the corresponding DynamoDB item.
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Close answer details
Correct answerB
ExplanationThe large video files belong in Amazon S3 object storage, which scales independently of the application and database. DynamoDB stores the migrated user profile data and only the corresponding S3 key, so normal profile operations do not carry or process multi-gigabyte video content. Uploads and downloads can therefore use S3 without burdening database performance.
Question 49
Single choice
A company has a payment gateway that processes millions of daily transactions on AWS. The solution uses Amazon ECS with a single Amazon EC2 instance that is not configured for auto scaling and an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL database. All the solution's resources are deployed in the same Availability Zone. The company uses Amazon Route 53 to manage its domain name resolution. The company needs to implement a new strategy to make the application more highly available. Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?
-
A
Set up an Amazon RDS Proxy in front of the Aurora database. Modify the Aurora database to a Multi-AZ DB cluster by adding a read replica in a second Availability Zone.
-
B
Configure Amazon ECS services to distribute tasks across multiple Availability Zones. Create a cross-Region read replica of the Aurora database in a second AWS Region. Create a script to perform a manual failover process.
-
C
Configure Amazon ECS services on AWS Fargate to distribute tasks across multiple Availability Zones. Modify the Aurora database to a Multi-AZ DB cluster by adding a read replica in a second Availability Zone.
-
D
Deploy the gateway application into a second AWS Region. Migrate the Aurora database to an Aurora global database. Configure Route 53 for active-active gateway request routing.
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Close answer details
Correct answerC
ExplanationRunning the ECS services on AWS Fargate across multiple Availability Zones removes the single EC2 host and avoids ongoing container-host management. Adding an Aurora read replica in a second Availability Zone makes the database tier Multi-AZ. Both application and database tiers can therefore continue operating after an Availability Zone failure with low operational overhead.
Question 50
Single choice
A company is migrating applications from on premises to the AWS Cloud. These applications power the company's internal web forms. These web forms collect data for specific events several times each quarter. The web forms use simple SQL statements to save the data to a local relational database. Data collection occurs for each event, and the on-premises servers are idle most of the time. The company needs to minimize the amount of idle infrastructure that supports the web forms. Which solution will meet these requirements?
-
A
Use Amazon EC2 Image Builder to create AMIs for the legacy servers. Use the AMIs to provision EC2 instances to recreate the applications in the AWS Cloud. Place an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in front of the EC2 instances. Use Amazon Route 53 to point the DNS names of the web forms to the ALB.
-
B
Create one Amazon DynamoDB table to store data for all the data input Use the application form name as the table key to distinguish data items. Create an Amazon Kinesis data stream to receive the data input and store the input in DynamoDB. Use Amazon Route 53 to point the DNS names of the web forms to the Kinesis data stream's endpoint.
-
C
Create Docker images for each server of the legacy web form applications. Create an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster on AWS Fargate. Place an Application Load Balancer in front of the ECS cluster. Use Fargate task storage to store the web form data.
-
D
Provision an Amazon Aurora Serverless cluster. Build multiple schemas for each web form's data storage. Use Amazon API Gateway and an AWS Lambda function to recreate the data input forms. Use Amazon Route 53 to point the DNS names of the web forms to their corresponding API Gateway endpoint.
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Close answer details
Correct answerD
ExplanationAurora Serverless retains a relational SQL model for the existing simple statements while scaling database capacity for intermittent events instead of leaving provisioned servers idle. Multiple schemas separate the web forms' data. API Gateway and Lambda recreate the input endpoints as serverless components, and Route 53 maps each form name to its corresponding API endpoint without a continuously running web tier.
Question 51
Single choice
An online e-commerce business is running a workload on AWS. The application architecture includes a web tier, an application tier for business logic, and a database tier for user and transactional data management. The database server has a 100 GB memory requirement. The business requires cost-efficient disaster recovery for the application with an RTO of 5 minutes and an RPO of 1 hour. The business also has a regulatory requirement for out-of-region disaster recovery with a minimum distance between the primary and alternate sites of 250 miles. Which of the following options can the solutions architect design to create a comprehensive solution for this customer that meets the disaster recovery requirements?
-
A
Back up the application and database data frequently and copy them to Amazon S3. Replicate the backups using S3 cross-region replication, and use AWS Cloud Formation to instantiate infrastructure for disaster recovery and restore data from Amazon S3.
-
B
Employ a pilot light environment in which the primary database is configured with mirroring to build a standby database on m4.large in Ihe alternate region. Use AWS Cloud Formation to instantiate the web servers, application servers, and load balancers in case of a disaster to bring the application up in the alternate region. Vertically resize the database to meet the full production demands, and use Amazon Route 53 to switch traffic to the alternate region.
-
C
Use a scaled-down version of the fully functional production environment in the alternate region that includes one instance of the web server, one instance of the application server, and a replicated instance of the database server in standby mode. Place the web and the application tiers in an Auto Scaling group behind a load balancer, which can automatically scale when the load arrives to the application. Use Amazon Route 53 to switch traffic to the alternate region.
-
D
Employ a multi-region solution with fully functional web. application, and database tiers in both regions with equivalent capacity. Activate the primary database in one region only and the standby database in the other region. Use Amazon Route 53 to automatically switch traffic from one region to another using health check routing policies.
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Close answer details
Correct answerC
ExplanationA scaled-down but fully functional environment in the alternate Region is a warm-standby design: the replicated database protects the one-hour RPO, while existing web and application instances avoid a cold rebuild. Auto Scaling can rapidly add capacity behind the load balancer to satisfy the five-minute RTO. Route 53 switches users to this regional stack, and reduced standby capacity controls cost.
Question 52
Single choice
A company is creating a solution that can move 400 employees into a remote working environment in the event of an unexpected disaster. The user desktops have a mix of Windows and Linux operating systems. Multiple types of software, such as web browsers and mail clients, are installed on each desktop. A solutions architect needs to implement a solution that can be integrated with the company's on-premises Active Directory to allow employees to use their existing identity credentials. The solution must provide multifactor authentication (MFA) and must replicate the user experience from the existing desktops. Which solution will meet these requirements?
-
A
Use Amazon WorkSpaces for the cloud desktop service. Set up a VPN connection to the on-premises network. Create an AD Connector, and connect to the on-premises Active Directory. Activate MFA for Amazon WorkSpaces by using the AWS Management Console.
-
B
Use Amazon AppStream 2.0 as an application streaming service. Configure Desktop View for the employees. Set up a VPN connection to the on-premises network. Set up Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) on premises. Connect the VPC network to AD FS through the VPN connection.
-
C
Use Amazon WorkSpaces for the cloud desktop service. Set up a VPN connection to the on-premises network. Create an AD Connector, and connect to the on-premises Active Directory. Configure a RADIUS server for MFA.
-
D
Use Amazon AppStream 2.0 as an application streaming service. Set up Active Directory Federation Services on premises. Configure MFA to grant users access on AppStream 2.0.
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Close answer details
Correct answerC
ExplanationAmazon WorkSpaces provides full managed cloud desktops, preserving the mix of installed applications and desktop experience more closely than streaming selected applications. A VPN and AD Connector let employees authenticate against the existing on-premises Active Directory. Configuring a RADIUS server adds MFA to that directory-backed WorkSpaces sign-in flow, satisfying both existing-credential and second-factor requirements.
Question 53
Single choice
A company's solutions architect needs to provide secure Remote Desktop connectivity to users for Amazon EC2 Windows instances that are hosted in a VPC. The solution must integrate centralized user management with the company's on-premises Active Directory. Connectivity to the VPC is through the internet. The company has hardware that can be used to establish an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection. Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
-
A
Deploy a managed Active Directory by using AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory. Establish a trust with the on-premises Active Directory. Deploy an EC2 instance as a bastion host in the VPC. Ensure that the EC2 instance is joined to the domain. Use the bastion host to access the target instances through RDP.
-
B
Configure AWS IAM Identity Center (AWS Single Sign-On) to integrate with the on-premises Active Directory by using the AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory AD Connector. Configure permission sets against user groups for access to AWS Systems Manager. Use Systems Manager Fleet Manager to access the target instances through RDP.
-
C
Implement a VPN between the on-premises environment and the target VPC. Ensure that the target instances are joined to the on-premises Active Directory domain over the VPN connection. Configure RDP access through the VPN. Connect from the company's network to the target instances.
-
D
Deploy a managed Active Directory by using AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory. Establish a trust with the on-premises Active Directory. Deploy a Remote Desktop Gateway on AWS by using an AWS Quick Start. Ensure that the Remote Desktop Gateway is joined to the domain. Use the Remote Desktop Gateway to access the target instances through RDP.
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Close answer details
Correct answerC
ExplanationThe Site-to-Site VPN creates a private network path between the company network and the VPC by using the available hardware. The Windows EC2 instances can join the existing on-premises Active Directory across that path, preserving centralized identities. Users then establish RDP sessions through the VPN, avoiding public RDP exposure and the cost of a separate managed directory or gateway tier.
Question 54
Single choice
A company recently deployed an application on Amazon ECS with the Fargate launch type. The company uses an AWS CloudFormation template to deploy the application. The company wants to identify over-provisioned resources and to update identified resources to optimize costs. Which solution will meet these requirements?
-
A
Enable AWS Compute Optimizer. Identify resources that are classified as over-provisioned. Update the CloudFormation task definition to use the task size that Compute Optimizer recommends. Redeploy the CloudFormation template.
-
B
Enable AWS Compute Optimizer. Identify resources that are classified as over-provisioned. Implement an Amazon ECS target tracking scaling policy to dynamically adjust ECS services based on the task size that Compute Optimizer recommends.
-
C
Enable AWS Cost Explorer and use a Reserved Instance utilization and coverage report to identify over-provisioned ECS services. Create an Amazon ECS target tracking scaling policy to automatically adjust the services to match the values in the report.
-
D
Enable AWS Cost Explorer and use a Reserved Instance utilization and coverage report to identify over-provisioned ECS services. Update the CloudFormation task definition to use values that match the values in the report. Redeploy the CloudFormation template.
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Close answer details
Correct answerA
ExplanationEnable AWS Compute Optimizer and identify resources that it classifies as over-provisioned based on observed utilization. Its recommended Fargate task size supplies revised CPU and memory values. Updating the CloudFormation task definition with those values and redeploying preserves infrastructure as code as the configuration authority while reducing excess provisioned capacity.
Question 55
Multiple choice
A company uses multiple AWS accounts in a single AWS Region. A solutions architect is designing a solution to consolidate logs generated by Elastic Load Balancers (ELBs) in the AppDev, AppTest, and AppProd accounts. The logs should be stored in an existing Amazon S3 bucket named s3-elb-logs in the central AWS account. The central account is used for log consolidation only and does not have ELBs deployed. ELB logs must be encrypted at rest. Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to build the solution? (Choose two.)
-
A
Update the S3 bucket policy for the s3-elb-logs bucket to allow the s3 PutBucketLogging action for the central AWS account ID
-
B
Update the S3 bucket policy for the s3-eib-logs bucket to allow the s3 PutObject and s3 DeleteObject actions for the AppDev AppTest and AppProd account IDs
-
C
Update the S3 bucket policy for the s3-elb-logs bucket to allow the s3 PutObject action for the AppDev AppTest and AppProd account IDs
-
D
Enable access logging for the ELBs. Set the S3 location to the s3-elb-logs bucket
-
E
Enable Amazon S3 default encryption using server-side encryption with S3 managed encryption keys (SSE-S3) for the s3-elb-logs S3 bucket
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Correct answersC, D
ExplanationELB access logging must be enabled in each application account and configured to use the central s3-elb-logs bucket. The bucket policy then grants those accounts the required s3:PutObject permission so that log objects can be delivered across accounts. Delete permission and bucket-logging permission are unnecessary for this write path, and delivered log objects remain protected at rest in S3.
Question 56
Single choice
A solutions architect has an operational workload deployed on Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. The VPC architecture spans two Availability Zones (AZ) with a subnet in each that the Auto Scaling group is targeting. The VPC is connected to an on-premises environment and connectivity cannot be interrupted. The maximum size ol the Auto Scaling group is 20 instances in service. The VPC IPv4 addressing is as follows: VPC CIDR: 10.0.0.0/23 AZ1 subnet CIDR: 10.0.0.0/24 AZ2 subnet CIDR: 10.0.1.0/24 Since deployment, a third AZ has become available in the Region. The solutions architect wants to adopt the new AZ without adding additional IPv4 address space and without service downtime. Which solution will meet these requirements?
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A
Update the Auto Scaling group to use the AZ2 subnet only. Delete and re-create the AZ1 subnet using hall the previous address space. Adjust the Auto Seating group to also use the new AZ1 subnet. When the instances are healthy, adjust the Auto Scaling group to use the AZ1 subnet only. Remove the current AZ2 subnet. Create a new AZ2 subnet using the second half of the address space from the original AZ1 subnet. Create a new AZ3 subnet using half the original AZ2 subnet address space, then update the Auto Scaling group to target all three new subnets.
-
B
Terminate the EC2 instances in the AZ1 subnet. Delete and re-create the AZ1 subnet using half the address space. Update the Auto Scaling group to use this new subnet. Repeat this for the second AZ. Define a new subnet in AZ3, then update the Auto Scaling group to target all three new subnets.
-
C
Create a new VPC with the same IPv4 address space and define three subnets, with one for each AZ. Update the existing Auto Scaling group to target the new subnets in the new VPC.
-
D
Update the Auto Scaling group to use the AZ2 subnet only. Update the AZ1 subnet to have half the previous address space. Adjust the Auto Scaling group to also use the AZ1 subnet again. When the instances are healthy, adjust the Auto Scaling group to use the AZ1 subnet only. Update the current AZ2 subnet and assign the second half of the address space from the original AZ1 subnet. Create a new AZ3 subnet using halt the original AZ2 subnet address space, then update the Auto Scaling group to target all three new subnets.
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Correct answerA
ExplanationSubnet CIDR ranges cannot be resized in place, so the subnets must be replaced while capacity remains available elsewhere. The Auto Scaling group first keeps service running in AZ2 while AZ1 is recreated with half its former range. After healthy instances move to AZ1, the old AZ2 subnet can be removed and its address space redistributed to new AZ2 and AZ3 subnets. The resulting subnets can support the 20-instance maximum without adding IPv4 space.
Question 57
Single choice
A company wants to migrate to AWS. The company is running thousands of VMs in a VMware ESXi environment. The company has no configuration management database and has little Knowledge about the utilization of the VMware portfolio. A solutions architect must provide the company with an accurate inventory so that the company can plan for a cost-effective migration. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
-
A
Use AWS Systems Manager Patch Manager to deploy Migration Evaluator to each VM. Review the collected data in Amazon QuickSight. Identify servers that have high utilization. Remove the servers that have high utilization from the migration list. Import the data to AWS Migration Hub.
-
B
Export the VMware portfolio to a csv file. Check the disk utilization for each server. Remove servers that have high utilization. Export the data to AWS Application Migration Service. Use AWS Server Migration Service (AWS SMS) to migrate the remaining servers.
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C
Deploy the Migration Evaluator agentless collector to the ESXi hypervisor. Review the collected data in Migration Evaluator. Identify inactive servers. Remove the inactive servers from the migration list. Import the data to AWS Migration Hub.
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D
Deploy the AWS Application Migration Service Agent to each VM. When the data is collected, use Amazon Redshift to import and analyze the data. Use Amazon QuickSight for data visualization.
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Correct answerC
ExplanationThe Migration Evaluator agentless collector can gather inventory and utilization data at the ESXi hypervisor level, avoiding installation on thousands of individual VMs. Reviewing that collected portfolio data identifies inactive servers that should not be migrated, improving the accuracy and cost efficiency of the plan. The resulting inventory can then be imported into AWS Migration Hub for centralized migration tracking.
Question 58
Multiple choice
A company needs to cost-effectively persist small data records (up to 1 KiB) for up to 30 days. The data is read rarely. When reading the data, a 5-minute delay is acceptable. Which of the following solutions achieve this goal? (Choose two.)
-
A
Use Amazon S3 to collect multiple records in one S3 object. Use a lifecycle configuration to move data to Amazon Glacier immediately after write. Use expedited retrievals when reading the data.
-
B
Write the records to Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose and configure Kinesis Data Firehose to deliver the data to Amazon S3 after 5 minutes. Set an expiration action at 30 days on the S3 bucket.
-
C
Use an AWS Lambda function invoked via Amazon API Gateway to collect data for 5 minutes. Write data to Amazon S3 just before the Lambda execution stops.
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D
Write the records to Amazon DynamoDB configured with a Time To Live (TTL) of 30 days. Read data using the GetItem or BatchGetItem call.
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E
Write the records to an Amazon ElastiCache for Redis. Configure the Redis append-only file (AOF) persistence logs to write to Amazon S3. Recover from the log if the ElastiCache instance has failed.
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Correct answersB, D
ExplanationKinesis Data Firehose can buffer many small records and deliver them as larger S3 objects, avoiding the inefficiency of storing every 1 KiB record separately; the S3 expiration action removes data after 30 days. DynamoDB is also suitable for individual small records: TTL handles 30-day expiration, and GetItem or BatchGetItem supports the rare reads. Both satisfy the allowed retrieval delay without maintaining a cache fleet.
Question 59
Single choice
A company is migrating its data center to the AWS Cloud and needs to complete the migration as quickly as possible. The company has many applications that are running on hundreds of VMware VMs in the data center. Each VM is configured with a shared Windows folder that contains common shared files. The file share is larger than 100 GB in size. The company's compliance team requires a change request to be fled and approved for every software installation and modification to each VM. The company has an AWS Direct Connect connection with 10 GB of bandwidth between AWS and the data center. Which set of steps should the company take to complete the migration in the LEAST amount of time?
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A
Use VM ImporvExport to create images of each VM. Use AWS Application Migration Service to manage and view the images. Copy the Windows file share data to an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system. After migration, remap the file share to the EFS file system.
-
B
Deploy the AWS Application Discovery Service agentless appliance to VMware vCenter. Review the portfolio of discovered VMs in AWS Migration Hub.
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C
Deploy the AWS Application Migration Service agentless appliance to VMware vCenter. Copy the Windows file share data to a new Amazon FSx for Windows File Server file system. After migration, remap the file share on each VM to the FSx for Windows File Server file system.
-
D
Create and review a portfolio in AWS Migration Hub. Order an AWS Snowcone device. Deploy AWS Application Migration Service to VMware vCenter and export all the VMs to the Snowcone device. Copy all Windows file share data to the Snowcone device. Ship the Snowcone device to AWS. Use Application Migration Service to deploy all the migrated instances.
-
E
Deploy the AWS Application Discovery Service Agent and the AWS Application Migration Service Agent onto each VMware hypervisor directly. Review the portfolio in AWS Migration Hub. Copy each VM's file share data to a new Amazon FSx for Windows File Server file system. After migration, remap the file share on each VM to the FSx for Windows File Server file system.
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Correct answerC
ExplanationDeploy the AWS Application Migration Service agentless appliance to VMware vCenter so hundreds of VMs can be migrated without software installations on each guest and their approval delays. Copy the shared Windows data to Amazon FSx for Windows File Server, which preserves the required Windows file-share model. After migration, remap each VM to the managed FSx share.
Question 60
Single choice
A company stores sales transaction data in Amazon DynamoDB tables. To detect anomalous behaviors and respond quickly, all changes lo the items stored in the DynamoDB tables must be logged within 30 minutes. Which solution meets the requirements?
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A
Copy the DynamoDB tables into Apache Hive tables on Amazon EMR every hour and analyze them (or anomalous behaviors. Send Amazon SNS notifications when anomalous behaviors are detected.
-
B
Use AWS CloudTrail to capture all the APIs that change the DynamoDB tables. Send SNS notifications when anomalous behaviors are detected using CloudTrail event filtering.
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C
Use Amazon DynamoDB Streams to capture and send updates to AWS Lambda. Create a Lambda function to output records lo Amazon Kinesis Data Streams. Analyze any anomalies with Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics. Send SNS notifications when anomalous behaviors are detected.
-
D
Use event patterns in Amazon CloudWatch Events to capture DynamoDB API call events with an AWS Lambda (unction as a target to analyze behavior. Send SNS notifications when anomalous behaviors are detected.
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Correct answerC
ExplanationDynamoDB Streams captures item-level updates as they occur and passes them to Lambda, meeting the need to log changes much sooner than an hourly table copy. The function outputs records to Kinesis Data Streams, where Kinesis Data Analytics can continuously evaluate them for anomalous behavior. SNS then delivers notifications when the analysis identifies an anomaly.
Question 61
Single choice
A company is developing a software-as-a-service (SaaS) product. The backend of the product uses an Amazon API Gateway API that invokes AWS Lambda functions. During development, a team working on the frontend must be able to receive mock responses from the API before the Lambda functions that the API will invoke have been created. The mock API users must be authenticated. Which solution will meet these requirements?
-
A
Create an IAM role that has the execute-api:Invoke permission in a new AWS account for user management. Create an API Gateway REST API without a resource policy. Configure mock responses in the REST API.
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B
Create an IAM role that has the execute-api:Invoke permission. Create an API Gateway HTTP API without a resource policy in the same account as the IAM role. Configure mock responses in the HTTP API.
-
C
Create an Amazon Cognito user pool to manage users. Create an API Gateway HTTP API. Configure an authorizer in the HTTP API to use the user pool for authentication. Configure mock responses in the HTTP API.
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D
Create an Amazon Cognito user pool to manage users. Create an API Gateway REST API. Configure an authorizer in the REST API to use the user pool for authentication. Configure mock responses in the REST API.
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Correct answerD
ExplanationAPI Gateway REST APIs support mock integrations, which allow the API to return responses without invoking a backend such as a Lambda function. This enables the frontend team to develop and test against the API before the backend functions are available. An Amazon Cognito user pool can manage the mock API users, and a Cognito user pool authorizer on the REST API authenticates requests. API Gateway HTTP APIs do not support mock integrations in the same way as REST APIs, so a REST API with a Cognito user pool authorizer and mock responses meets both requirements.
Question 62
Single choice
An ecommerce company runs an application on AWS. The application has an Amazon API Gateway API that invokes an AWS Lambda function. The data is stored in an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance. During the company's most recent flash sale, a sudden increase in API calls negatively affected the application's performance. A solutions architect reviewed the Amazon CloudWatch metrics during that time and noticed a significant increase in Lambda invocations and database connections. The CPU utilization also was high on the DB instance. What should the solutions architect recommend to optimize the application's performance?
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A
Increase the memory of the Lambda function. Modify the Lambda function to close the database connections when the data is retrieved.
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B
Add an Amazon ElastiCache for Redis cluster to store the frequently accessed data from the RDS database.
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C
Create an RDS proxy by using the Lambda console. Modify the Lambda function to use the proxy endpoint.
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D
Modify the Lambda function to connect to the database outside of the function's handler. Check for an existing database connection before creating a new connection.
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Correct answerC
ExplanationThe performance problem coincides with a sharp rise in Lambda invocations and database connections. An RDS Proxy pools and reuses connections between the Lambda function and the PostgreSQL DB instance, reducing connection churn and protecting the database from bursts. Changing the function to use the proxy endpoint directly addresses the connection pressure that accompanied the high database CPU utilization.
Question 63
Single choice
A company consists of two separate business units. Each business unit has its own AWS account within a single organization in AWS Organizations. The business units regularly share sensitive documents with each other. To facilitate sharing, the company created an Amazon S3 bucket in each account and configured two-way replication between the S3 buckets. The S3 buckets have millions of objects. Recently, a security audit identified that neither S3 bucket has encryption at rest enabled. Company policy requires that all documents must be stored with encryption at rest. The company wants to implement server-side encryption with Amazon S3 managed encryption keys (SSE-S3). What is the MOST operationally efficient solution that meets these requirements?
-
A
Turn on SSE-S3 on both S3 buckets. Use S3 Batch Operations to copy and encrypt the objects in the same location.
-
B
Create an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key in each account. Turn on server-side encryption with AWS KMS keys (SSE-KMS) on each S3 bucket by using the corresponding KMS key in that AWS account. Encrypt the existing objects by using an S3 copy command in the AWS CLI.
-
C
Turn on SSE-S3 on both S3 buckets. Encrypt the existing objects by using an S3 copy command in the AWS CLI.
-
D
Create an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key in each account. Turn on server-side encryption with AWS KMS keys (SSE-KMS) on each S3 bucket by using the corresponding KMS key in that AWS account. Use S3 Batch Operations to copy the objects into the same location.
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Correct answerA
ExplanationTurning on SSE-S3 for both S3 buckets ensures that new objects are encrypted with S3-managed keys. That setting does not modify the millions of existing objects. S3 Batch Operations can copy those objects back to the same locations, causing them to be rewritten with SSE-S3 at large scale. This managed bulk operation avoids maintaining a custom CLI loop across both buckets.
Question 64
Multiple choice
A company prefers to limit running Amazon EC2 instances to those that were launched from AMIs pre-approved by the Information Security department. The Development team has an agile continuous integration and deployment process that cannot be stalled by the solution. Which method enforces the required controls with the LEAST impact on the development process? (Choose two.)
-
A
Use IAM policies to restrict the ability of users or other automated entities to launch EC2 instances based on a specific set of pre-approved AMIs, such as those tagged in a specific way by Information Security.
-
B
Use regular scans within Amazon Inspector with a custom assessment template to determine if the EC2 instance that the Amazon Inspector Agent is running on is based upon a pre-approved AMI. If it is not, shut down the instance and inform Information Security by email that this occurred.
-
C
Only allow launching of EC2 instances using a centralized DevOps team, which is given work packages via notifications from an internal ticketing system. Users make requests for resources using this ticketing tool, which has manual information security approval steps to ensure that EC2 instances are only launched from approved AMIs.
-
D
Use AWS Config rules to spot any launches of EC2 instances based on non-approved AMIs, trigger an AWS Lambda function to automatically terminate the instance, and publish a message to an Amazon SNS topic to inform Information Security that this occurred.
-
E
Use a scheduled AWS Lambda function to scan through the list of running instances within the virtual private cloud (VPC) and determine if any of these are based on unapproved AMIs. Publish a message to an SNS topic to inform Information Security that this occurred and then shut down the instance.
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Close answer details
Correct answersA, D
ExplanationIAM policies prevent users and automated deployment entities from launching EC2 instances unless the AMI belongs to the approved set, so compliant CI/CD launches continue without manual approval. AWS Config rules provide a second control by detecting any instance launched from a non-approved AMI. Lambda then terminates that instance automatically, and SNS informs Information Security of the violation.
Question 65
Multiple choice
A solutions architect has implemented a SAML 2.0 federated identity solution with their company's on-premises identity provider (IdP) to authenticate users' access to the AWS environment. When the solutions architect tests authentication through the federated identity web portal access to the AWS environment is granted However, when test users attempt to authenticate through the federated identity web portal, they are not able to access the AWS environment. Which items should the solutions architect check to ensure identity federation is property configured? (Select THREE)
-
A
The IAM user's permissions pokey has allowed the use of SAML federation for that user
-
B
The IAM roles created for the federated users' or federated groups' trust policy have set the SAML provider as the principle.
-
C
Test users are not in the AWSFederatedUsers group in the company's IdP
-
D
The web portal calls the AWS STS AssumeRoleWithSAML API with the ARN of the SAML provider the ARN of the IAM role, and the SAML assertion from IdP
-
E
The on-premises IdP's DNS hostname is reachable from the AWS environment VPCs.
-
F
The company's IdP defines SAML assertions that property map users or groups m the company to IAM roles with appropriate permissions
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Correct answersB, D, F
ExplanationThe federated role's trust policy must identify the SAML provider as a trusted principal. The portal must then call AWS STS AssumeRoleWithSAML with the provider ARN, role ARN, and assertion so STS can issue role credentials. Finally, the IdP assertion must map each user or group to an IAM role whose permissions provide the intended AWS access.
Question 66
Multiple choice
A solutions architect is building a web application that uses an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance. The DB instance is expected to receive many more reads than writes. The solutions architect needs to ensure that the large amount of read traffic can be accommodated and that the DB instance is highly available. Which steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)
-
A
Create multiple read replicas and put them into an Auto Scaling group.
-
B
Create multiple read replicas in different Availability Zones.
-
C
Create an Amazon Route 53 hosted zone and a record set for each read replica with a TTL and a weighted routing policy.
-
D
Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and put the read replicas behind the ALB.
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E
Configure an Amazon CloudWatch alarm to detect a failed read replica. Set the alarm to directly invoke an AWS Lambda function to delete its Route 53 record set.
-
F
Configure an Amazon Route 53 health check for each read replica using its endpoint.
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Correct answersB, C, F
ExplanationMultiple read replicas in different Availability Zones distribute the heavy read workload and avoid dependence on one zone. A Route 53 hosted zone with weighted records and a TTL spreads client queries among each replica endpoint. Route 53 health checks evaluate those endpoints so an unavailable replica is excluded from DNS responses, preserving read availability while the remaining replicas continue serving traffic.
Question 67
Single choice
An e-commerce company is revamping its IT infrastructure and is planning to use AWS services. The company's CIO has asked a solutions architect to design a simple, highly available, and loosely coupled order processing application. The application is responsible (or receiving and processing orders before storing them in an Amazon DynamoDB table. The application has a sporadic traffic pattern and should be able to scale during markeling campaigns to process the orders with minimal delays. Which of the following is the MOST reliable approach to meet the requirements?
-
A
Receive the orders in an Amazon EC2-hosted database and use EC2 instances to process them.
-
B
Receive the orders in an Amazon SOS queue and trigger an AWS Lambda function lo process them.
-
C
Receive the orders using the AWS Step Functions program and trigger an Amazon ECS container lo process them.
-
D
Receive the orders in Amazon Kinesis Data Streams and use Amazon EC2 instances to process them.
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Correct answerB
ExplanationA queue decouples order receipt from processing, so bursts do not require the receiver and processor to scale at the same rate. Lambda can consume queued orders and add processing capacity as demand rises, while durable buffering protects work during temporary slowdowns. This creates a simple, loosely coupled path to DynamoDB with minimal delay during campaigns.
Question 68
Multiple choice
A company is updating an application that customers use to make online orders. The number of attacks on the application by bad actors has increased recently. The company will host the updated application on an Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) cluster. The company will use Amazon DynamoDB to store application data. A public Application Load Balancer (ALB) will provide end users with access to the application. The company must prevent prevent attacks and ensure business continuity with minimal service interruptions during an ongoing attack. Which combination of steps will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively? (Choose two.)
-
A
Create an Amazon CloudFront distribution with the ALB as the origin. Add a custom header and random value on the CloudFront domain. Configure the ALB to conditionally forward traffic if the header and value match.
-
B
Deploy the application in two AWS Regions. Configure Amazon Route 53 to route to both Regions with equal weight.
-
C
Configure auto scaling for Amazon ECS tasks. Create a DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) cluster.
-
D
Configure Amazon ElastiCache to reduce overhead on DynamoDB.
-
E
Deploy an AWS WAF web ACL that includes an appropriate rule group. Associate the web ACL with the Amazon CloudFront distribution.
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Correct answersA, E
ExplanationCloudFront becomes the public entry point, with the ALB configured as its origin. A custom header with a random value lets the ALB forward only requests that arrived through CloudFront, limiting direct origin access. An AWS WAF web ACL with an appropriate rule group filters application attacks at CloudFront, reducing harmful traffic before it reaches ECS and helping maintain service during an attack.
Question 69
Single choice
A company runs a test application on an Amazon EC2 instance. Testing clients across the United States send data to the application by using a REST API. As traffic increases, application response times increase. The company wants to migrate to a serverless architecture and stream data to clients through WebSockets. Which solution will meet these requirements?
-
A
Create a new Amazon API Gateway REST API. Implement the business logic in AWS Lambda functions. Set the Lambda functions as integrations to the new REST API. Create a new AWS Step Functions state machine and set the clients as targets. Use the state machine to send data back to the clients.
-
B
Create a new Amazon API Gateway HTTP API and an Amazon SQS queue. Configure the HTTP API to integrate with the SQS queue. Implement the business logic in an AWS Lambda function. Use the SQS queue to invoke the Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to write data to an AWS AppSync Events channel. Ensure that the clients subscribe to the AWS AppSync Events channel.
-
C
Create a new AWS AppSync API and a new Amazon SQS queue. Integrate the SQS queue with the AWS AppSync API. Update the current business logic to consume from the SQS queue. Create a new Amazon EventBridge event bus and an EventBridge rule. Set the clients as targets for the rule. Use the EventBridge event bus to send data back to the clients.
-
D
Create a new Amazon CloudFront distribution. Implement the business logic in a CloudFront function. Set the CloudFront function as an origin of the CloudFront distribution. Enable AWS IoT Core. Configure the CloudFront function to write data to an MQTT topic. Ensure that the clients subscribe to the IoT Core MQTT topic through WebSockets.
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Close answer details
Correct answerB
ExplanationAPI Gateway HTTP API provides the serverless request endpoint, and SQS decouples incoming traffic from processing so bursts do not directly increase response pressure. The queue invokes Lambda to run the business logic. Lambda then writes results to an AWS AppSync Events channel, and subscribed clients receive the streamed updates through the channel's WebSocket connection.
Question 70
Single choice
A company needs to optimize the infrastructure for an application that uploads data to Amazon S3. The uploads average 64 KB in size. When the data is uploaded, Amazon S3 sends an event to Amazon EventBridge. EventBridge then invokes an Amazon ECS application task. The ECS task processes the data and stores the results in an Amazon DynamoDB table. Processing takes an average of 15 minutes. The company must keep the S3 data for 5 years and must keep the DynamoDB data for 15 days. The application is gaining more users and is handling millions of S3 uploads every hour. Which set of changes will provide the MOST cost-effective solution for the application?
-
A
Replace the ECS task with an AWS Lambda function for processing. Create S3 Lifecycle rules to move the S3 objects to S3 Intelligent-Tiering after 1 day and to expire the objects after 5 years. Configure DynamoDB Standard-Infrequent Access for the DynamoDB table.
-
B
Replace the S3 bucket with Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka (Amazon MSK) to receive the data. Configure tiered storage for data that is older than 1 day. Configure EventBridge to read messages from Amazon MSK in batches of 1,000 messages. Replace the ECS task with an AWS Lambda function for processing. Configure a TTL of 15 days on the DynamoDB table.
-
C
Create an Amazon Data Firehose stream to receive the data. Configure buffering to deliver messages every minute to Amazon S3 in gzip format. Purchase a Compute Savings Plan based on usage recommendations. Create S3 Lifecycle rules to move the S3 objects to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 1 day and to expire the objects after 5 years. Configure a TTL of 15 days on the DynamoDB table.
-
D
Purchase a Compute Savings Plan based on usage recommendations. Create S3 Lifecycle rules to move the S3 objects to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 1 day and to expire the objects after 5 years. Configure DynamoDB Standard-Infrequent Access for the DynamoDB table.
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Correct answerC
ExplanationAmazon Data Firehose buffers the millions of small uploads and delivers compressed gzip objects to S3 every minute, reducing small-object processing overhead. A Compute Savings Plan lowers the recurring compute cost. S3 Lifecycle moves retained objects to Glacier Deep Archive after one day and expires them after five years, while a DynamoDB TTL automatically removes result records after 15 days.
Question 71
Multiple choice
A company wants to migrate its workloads from on premises to AWS. The workloads run on Linux and Windows. The company has a large on-premises infrastructure that consists of physical machines and VMs that host numerous applications. The company must capture details about the system configuration, system performance, running processes, and network connections of its on-premises workloads. The company also must divide the on-premises applications into groups for migration to AWS. The company needs recommendations for Amazon EC2 instance types so that the company can run its workloads on AWS in the most cost-effective manner. Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Choose three.)
-
A
Assess the existing applications by installing AWS Application Discovery Agent on the physical machines and VMs.
-
B
Assess the existing applications by installing AWS Systems Manager Agent on the physical machines and VMs
-
C
Group servers into applications for migration by using AWS Systems Manager Application Manager.
-
D
Group servers into applications for migration by using AWS Migration Hub.
-
E
Generate recommended instance types and associated costs by using AWS Migration Hub.
-
F
Import data about server sizes into AWS Trusted Advisor. Follow the recommendations for cost optimization.
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Correct answersA, D, E
ExplanationThe AWS Application Discovery Agent gathers configuration, performance, process, and network-connection details from physical machines and VMs. AWS Migration Hub uses that inventory to group servers into applications for migration planning. It also generates recommended EC2 instance types and associated costs from observed utilization, supporting cost-effective rightsizing instead of matching only the existing server sizes.
Question 72
Single choice
A company developed a pilot application by using AWS Elastic Beanstalk and Java. To save costs during development, the company's development team deployed the application into a single-instance environment. Recent tests indicate that the application consumes more CPU than expected. CPU utilization is regularly greater than 85%, which causes some performance bottlenecks. A solutions architect must mitigate the performance issues before the company launches the application to production. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
-
A
Create a new Elastic Beanstalk application. Select a load-balanced environment type. Select all Availability Zones. Add a scale-out rule that will run if the maximum CPU utilization is over 85% for 5 minutes.
-
B
Create a second Elastic Beanstalk environment. Apply the traffic-splitting deployment policy. Specify a percentage of incoming traffic to direct to the new environment in the average CPU utilization is over 85% for 5 minutes.
-
C
Modify the existing environment's capacity configuration to use a load-balanced environment type. Select all Availability Zones. Add a scale-out rule that will run if the average CPU utilization is over 85% for 5 minutes.
-
D
Select the Rebuild environment action with the load balancing option Select an Availability Zones Add a scale-out rule that will run if the sum CPU utilization is over 85% for 5 minutes.
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Close answer details
Correct answerC
ExplanationModify the existing Elastic Beanstalk environment's capacity configuration from single-instance to load-balanced, avoiding creation and coordination of another application environment. Selecting all Availability Zones improves production resilience. A scale-out rule based on average CPU utilization above 85% for five minutes adds instances when sustained aggregate demand causes the bottleneck.
Question 73
Single choice
A company is using an Amazon CloudFront distribution to distribute both static and dynamic content from a web application running behind an Application Load Balancer. The web application requires user authorization and session tracking for dynamic content. The CloudFront distribution has a single cache behavior configured to forward the Authorization, Host, and User-Agent HTTP whitelist headers and a session cookie to the origin. All other cache behavior settings are set to their default value. A valid ACM certificate is applied to the CloudFront distribution with a matching CNAME in the distribution settings. The ACM certificate is also applied to the HTTPS listener for the Application Load Balancer. The CloudFront origin protocol policy is set to HTTPS only. Analysis of the cache statistics report shows that the miss rate for this distribution is very high. What can the Solutions Architect do to improve the cache hit rate for this distribution without causing the SSL/TLS handshake between CloudFront and the Application Load Balancer to fail?
-
A
Create two cache behaviors for static and dynamic content. Remove the User-Agent and Host HTTP headers from the whitelist headers section on both of the cache behaviors. Remove the session cookie from the whitelist cookies section and the Authorization HTTP header from the whitelist headers section for cache behavior configured for static content.
-
B
Remove the User-Agent and Authorization HTTP headers from the whitelist headers section of the cache behavior. Then update the cache behavior to use presigned cookies for authorization.
-
C
Remove the Host HTTP header from the whitelist headers section and remove the session cookie from the whitelist cookies section for the default cache behavior. Enable automatic object compression and use Lambda@Edge viewer request events for user authorization.
-
D
Create two cache behaviors for static and dynamic content. Remove the User-Agent HTTP header from the whitelist headers section on both of the cache behaviors. Remove the session cookie from the whitelist cookies section and the Authorization HTTP header from the whitelist headers section for cache behavior configured for static content.
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Correct answerD
ExplanationCreate two cache behaviours so static and dynamic content can use different cache keys. Removing User-Agent from both reduces needless cache variations, while removing the session cookie and Authorization header only from static content allows those objects to be shared broadly. Dynamic requests retain their session data, and retaining Host preserves the hostname needed for the HTTPS origin certificate handshake.
Question 74
Multiple choice
A company is collecting data from a large set of IoT devices. The data is stored in an Amazon S3 data lake. Data scientists perform analytics on Amazon EC2 instances that run in two public subnets in a VPC in a separate AWS account. The data scientists need access to the data lake from the EC2 instances. The EC2 instances already have an assigned role with permissions to access Amazon S3. According to company policies, only authorized networks are allowed to have access to the IoT data. Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
-
A
Create a gateway VPC endpoint for Amazon S3 in the data scientists' VPC.
-
B
Create an S3 access point in the data scientists' AWS account for the data lake.
-
C
Update the EC2 instance role. Add a policy with a condition that allows the s3:GetObject action when the value for the s3:DataAccessPointArn condition key is a valid access point ARN.
-
D
Update the VPC route table to route S3 traffic to an S3 access point.
-
E
Add an S3 bucket policy with a condition that allows the s3:GetObject action when the value for the s3:DataAccessPointArn condition key is a valid access point ARN.
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Correct answersB, E
ExplanationAn S3 access point in the data scientists' AWS account provides a dedicated access path to the data lake for that account. The data lake bucket policy then permits s3:GetObject only when s3:DataAccessPointArn identifies the approved access point. This resource-side condition constrains cross-account retrieval while the existing EC2 role continues to supply the caller's S3 permissions.
Question 75
Single choice
An online retail company is migrating its legacy on-premises .NET application to AWS. The application runs on load-balanced frontend web servers, load-balanced application servers, and a Microsoft SQL Server database. The company wants to use AWS managed services where possible and does not want to rewrite the application. A solutions architect needs to implement a solution to resolve scaling issues and minimize licensing costs as the application scales. Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
-
A
Deploy Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer for the web tier and for the application tier. Use Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL with Babelfish turned on to replatform the SOL Server database.
-
B
Create images of all the servers by using AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS). Deploy Amazon EC2 instances that are based on the on-premises imports. Deploy the instances in an Auto Scaling group behind a Network Load Balancer for the web tier and for the application tier. Use Amazon DynamoDB as the database tier.
-
C
Containerize the web frontend tier and the application tier. Provision an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster. Create an Auto Scaling group behind a Network Load Balancer for the web tier and for the application tier. Use Amazon RDS for SOL Server to host the database.
-
D
Separate the application functions into AWS Lambda functions. Use Amazon API Gateway for the web frontend tier and the application tier. Migrate the data to Amazon S3. Use Amazon Athena to query the data.
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Correct answerA
ExplanationAuto Scaling groups and Application Load Balancers resolve scaling for both the web and application tiers without rewriting their .NET logic. Aurora PostgreSQL with Babelfish turned on accepts the SQL Server-compatible application interface, enabling a replatform instead of a redesign. Moving away from SQL Server licensing while using managed Aurora makes this approach more cost-effective as capacity grows.
Question 76
Single choice
A research company is running daily simulations in the AWS Cloud to meet high demand. The simulations run on several hundred Amazon EC2 instances that are based on Amazon Linux 2. Occasionally, a simulation gets stuck and requires a cloud operations engineer to solve the problem by connecting to an EC2 instance through SSH. Company policy states that no EC2 instance can use the same SSH key and that all connections must be logged in AWS CloudTrail. How can a solutions architect meet these requirements?
-
A
Launch new EC2 instances, and generate an individual SSH key for each instance. Store the SSH key in AWS Secrets Manager. Create a new IAM policy, and attach it to the engineers' IAM role with an Allow statement for the GetSecretValue action. Instruct the engineers to fetch the SSH key from Secrets Manager when they connect through any SSH client.
-
B
Create an AWS Systems Manager document to run commands on EC2 instances to set a new unique SSH key. Create a new IAM policy, and attach it to the engineers' IAM role with an Allow statement to run Systems Manager documents. Instruct the engineers to run the document to set an SSH key and to connect through any SSH client.
-
C
Launch new EC2 instances without setting up any SSH key for the instances. Set up EC2 Instance Connect on each instance. Create a new IAM policy, and attach it to the engineers' IAM role with an Allow statement for the SendSSHPublicKey action. Instruct the engineers to connect to the instance by using a browser-based SSH client from the EC2 console.
-
D
Set up AWS Secrets Manager to store the EC2 SSH key. Create a new AWS Lambda function to create a new SSH key and to call AWS Systems Manager Session Manager to set the SSH key on the EC2 instance. Configure Secrets Manager to use the Lambda function for automatic rotation once daily. Instruct the engineers to fetch the SSH key from Secrets Manager when they connect through any SSH client.
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Correct answerC
ExplanationEC2 Instance Connect provides temporary SSH access without requiring long-lived SSH keys to be stored on the instances. Each engineer can use a unique public key that is pushed to the target instance for a short period through the SendSSHPublicKey API. Because this action is an AWS API call, it is recorded in AWS CloudTrail. Using the browser-based SSH client through the EC2 console therefore supports unique per-session access and centralized auditing with minimal operational overhead.
Question 77
Single choice
A company runs a web application on Amazon EC2 instances behind Application Load Balancers (ALBs) in the us-east-1 and eu-west-1 Regions. Users in Asia are experiencing high latency when they connect to the application. During peak traffic periods, one Region occasionally approaches capacity while the other Region has excess capacity. The company currently uses Amazon Route 53 with latency-based routing. The company needs to reduce latency for users globally and quickly shift traffic between Regions during peak periods without relying on DNS changes. The company also needs protection against DDoS attacks. Which solution will meet these requirements?
-
A
Configure Amazon CloudFront to use the ALBs as origins. Set up Regional caching behavior and origin failover.
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B
Configure Route 53 to use geolocation routing policies to direct users in Asia to us-east-1.
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C
Implement AWS Global Accelerator and configure the ALBs as endpoints in Regional endpoint groups. Use traffic dials or endpoint weights to shift traffic between Regions based on capacity, and configure health checks for automatic failover of unhealthy endpoints. Use the DDoS protection provided by AWS Shield Standard with Global Accelerator.
-
D
Deploy additional ALBs in ap-southeast-1. Implement Route 53 weighted routing to distribute traffic across the Regions.
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Correct answerC
ExplanationAWS Global Accelerator provides static anycast IP addresses and routes user traffic through the AWS global network to an optimal healthy Regional endpoint, which can improve performance for geographically distributed users. Traffic dials and endpoint weights provide centralized control over how traffic is distributed between Regions without requiring DNS changes, while health checks automatically direct new connections away from unhealthy endpoints. Global Accelerator is protected by AWS Shield Standard, providing protection against common network and transport-layer DDoS attacks. Route 53 routing remains DNS-based, and CloudFront is primarily a CDN and does not provide the same capacity-based multi-Region traffic controls.
Question 78
Single choice
A company deploys its applications on Amazon EC2 instances in a VPC in the us-east-1 Region. The company recently acquired another company that has a data center in the ap-east-1 Region. A private application in us-east-1 needs to access the data that is stored in the data center in ap-east-1. The company needs a solution that supports IPv6. The solution also must encrypt the data in transit. The company has already created an AWS customer gateway that represents the customer gateway device in the data center in ap-east-1. The company will configure the route tables and modify the existing security groups to allow appropriate traffic after the network components are created. Which solution will meet the requirements for connectivity?
-
A
Create a transit gateway. Attach the transit gateway to the VPC in us-east-1. Create an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection. Specify the transit gateway as the target gateway. Download the configuration file and set up the customer gateway device.
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B
Create a virtual private gateway. Attach the virtual private gateway to the VPC in us-east-1. Create an AWS Client VPN endpoint. Configure the customer gateway device to connect to the Client VPN endpoint.
-
C
Create a virtual private gateway. Attach the virtual private gateway to the VPC in us-east-1. Create an AWS Site-to-Site VPN connection. Specify the virtual private gateway as the target gateway. Download the configuration file and set up the customer gateway device.
-
D
Create a transit gateway. Attach the transit gateway to the VPC in us-east-1. Create an AWS Client VPN endpoint. Configure the customer gateway device to connect to the Client VPN endpoint.
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Correct answerA
ExplanationCreate a transit gateway and attach it to the VPC in us-east-1, providing a target that supports the required routed connectivity. Then create the AWS Site-to-Site VPN with the transit gateway as its target and configure the existing customer gateway device from the downloaded settings. The VPN encrypts traffic in transit, and the transit-gateway design supports IPv6 connectivity between the VPC and data center.
Question 79
Single choice
A solutions architect is designing a network for a new cloud deployment. Each account will need autonomy to modify route tables and make changes. Centralized and controlled egress internet connectivity is also needed. The cloud footprint is expected to grow to thousands of AWS accounts. Which architecture will meet these requirements?
-
A
A centralized transit VPC with a VPN connection to a standalone VPC in each account. Outbound internet traffic will be controlled by firewall appliances.
-
B
A centralized shared VPC with a subnet for each account. Outbound internet traffic will controlled through a fleet of proxy servers.
-
C
A shared services VPC to host central assets to include a fleet of firewalls with a route to the internet. Each spoke VPC will peer to the central VPC.
-
D
A shared transit gateway to which each VPC will be attached. Outbound internet access will route through a fleet of VPN-attached firewalls.
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Correct answerD
ExplanationA shared transit gateway provides a scalable hub for attaching VPCs from thousands of accounts without creating a mesh of peerings or VPNs. Each account retains control of its VPC route tables and can direct outbound traffic to the gateway. Central routes then send internet-bound traffic through the VPN-attached firewall fleet, enforcing controlled egress.
Question 80
Multiple choice
A company has several AWS accounts. A development team is building an automation framework for cloud governance and remediation processes. The automation framework uses AWS Lambda functions in a centralized account. A solutions architect must implement a least privilege permissions policy that allows the Lambda functions to run in each of the company's AWS accounts. Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
-
A
In the centralized account, create an IAM role that has the Lambda service as a trusted entity. Add an inline policy to assume the roles of the other AWS accounts.
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B
In the other AWS accounts, create an IAM role that has minimal permissions. Add the centralized account's Lambda IAM role as a trusted entity.
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C
In the centralized account, create an IAM role that has roles of the other accounts as trusted entities. Provide minimal permissions.
-
D
In the other AWS accounts, create an IAM role that has permissions to assume the role of the centralized account. Add the Lambda service as a trusted entity.
-
E
In the other AWS accounts, create an IAM role that has minimal permissions. Add the Lambda service as a trusted entity.
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Correct answersA, B
ExplanationIn the centralized account, Lambda uses an IAM role whose inline policy permits it to assume designated cross-account roles. In every other AWS account, create an IAM role with minimal permissions and configure its trust policy for the centralized account's Lambda IAM role. This separates permission to assume a role from the least-privilege actions granted after assumption.
Question 81
Single choice
A company is running a serverless ecommerce application on AWS. The application uses Amazon API Gateway to invoke AWS Lambda Java functions. The Lambda functions connect to an Amazon RDS for MySQL database to store data. During a recent sale event, a sudden increase in web traffic resulted in poor API performance and database connection failures. The company needs to implement a solution to minimize the latency for the Lambda functions and to support bursts in traffic. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of change to the application?
-
A
Update the code of the Lambda functions so that the Lambda functions open the database connection outside of the function handler. Increase the provisioned concurrency for the Lambda functions.
-
B
Create an RDS Proxy endpoint for the database. Store database secrets in AWS Secrets Manager. Set up the required IAM permissions. Update the Lambda functions to connect to the RDS Proxy endpoint. Increase the provisioned concurrency for the Lambda functions.
-
C
Create a custom parameter group. Increase the value of the max_connections parameter. Associate the custom parameter group with the RDS DB instance and schedule a reboot. Increase the reserved concurrency for the Lambda functions.
-
D
Create an RDS Proxy endpoint for the database. Store database secrets in AWS Secrets Manager. Set up the required IAM permissions. Update the Lambda functions to connect to the RDS Proxy endpoint. Increase the reserved concurrency for the Lambda functions.
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Correct answerB
ExplanationCreate an RDS Proxy endpoint so bursts of Lambda invocations can reuse and pool database connections instead of overwhelming MySQL with direct connections. Store database secrets in Secrets Manager and grant the required IAM access, then update the functions to connect through the proxy. Provisioned concurrency keeps Java environments initialized, reducing invocation latency during traffic spikes.
Question 82
Single choice
A company has asked a Solutions Architect to design a secure content management solution that can be accessed by API calls by external customer applications. The company requires that a customer administrator must be able to submit an API call and roll back changes to existing files sent to the content management solution, as needed. What is the MOST secure deployment design that meets all solution requirements?
-
A
Use Amazon S3 for object storage with versioning and bucket access logging enabled, and an IAM role and access policy for each customer application. Encrypt objects using SSE-KMS. Develop the content management application to use a separate AWS KMS key for each customer.
-
B
Use Amazon WorkDocs for object storage. Leverage WorkDocs encryption, user access management, and version control. Use AWS CloudTrail to log all SDK actions and create reports of hourly access by using the Amazon CloudWatch dashboard. Enable a revert function in the SDK based on a static Amazon S3 webpage that shows the output of the CloudWatch dashboard.
-
C
Use Amazon EFS for object storage, using encryption at rest for the Amazon EFS volume and a customer managed key stored in AWS KMS. Use IAM roles and Amazon EFS access policies to specify separate encryption keys for each customer application. Deploy the content management application to store all new versions as new files in Amazon EFS and use a control API to revert a specific file to a previous version.
-
D
Use Amazon S3 for object storage with versioning and enable S3 bucket access logging. Use an IAM role and access policy for each customer application. Encrypt objects using client-side encryption, and distribute an encryption key to all customers when accessing the content management application.
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Correct answerA
ExplanationS3 versioning preserves prior object versions, allowing the application API to roll a file back without creating a separate versioning system. Per-customer IAM roles and access policies isolate application access, while bucket access logging records requests. SSE-KMS protects stored content, and a separate KMS key for each customer creates an additional cryptographic boundary between customer data sets.
Question 83
Single choice
A Solutions Architect must design a highly available, stateless, REST service. The service will require multiple persistent storage layers for service object meta information and the delivery of content. Each request needs to be authenticated and securely processed. There is a requirement to keep costs as low as possible. How can these requirements be met?
-
A
Use AWS Fargate to host a container that runs a self-contained REST service. Set up an Amazon ECS service that is fronted by an Application Load Balancer (ALB). Use a custom authenticator to control access to the API. Store request meta information in Amazon DynamoDB with Auto Scaling and static content in a secured S3 bucket. Make secure signed requests for Amazon S3 objects and proxy the data through the REST service interface.
-
B
Use AWS Fargate to host a container that runs a self-contained REST service. Set up an ECS service that is fronted by a cross-zone ALB. Use an Amazon Cognito user pool to control access to the API. Store request meta information in DynamoDB with Auto Scaling and static content in a secured S3 bucket. Generate presigned URLs when returning references to content stored in Amazon S3.
-
C
Set up Amazon API Gateway and create the required API resources and methods. Use an Amazon Cognito user pool to control access to the API. Configure the methods to use AWS Lambda proxy integrations, and process each resource with a unique AWS Lambda function. Store request meta information in DynamoDB with Auto Scaling and static content in a secured S3 bucket. Generate presigned URLs when returning references to content stored in Amazon S3.
-
D
Set up Amazon API Gateway and create the required API resources and methods. Use an Amazon API Gateway custom authorizer to control access to the API. Configure the methods to use AWS Lambda custom integrations, and process each resource with a unique Lambda function. Store request meta information in an Amazon ElastiCache Multi-AZ cluster and static content in a secured S3 bucket. Generate presigned URLs when returning references to content stored in Amazon S3.
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Correct answerC
ExplanationSet up Amazon API Gateway to create the API resources and methods, use a Cognito user pool for authentication, and run request processing through Lambda proxy integrations. This serverless request tier is stateless and avoids continuously running containers. DynamoDB stores scalable metadata, S3 stores secured content, and presigned URLs deliver objects without proxying their bytes through the service.
Question 84
Single choice
A software company needs to create short-lived test environments to test pull requests as part of its development process. Each test environment consists of a single Amazon EC2 instance that is in an Auto Scaling group. The test environments must be able to communicate with a central server to report test results. The central server is located in an on-premises data center. A solutions architect must implement a solution so that the company can create and delete test environments without any manual intervention. The company has created a transit gateway with a VPN attachment to the on-premises network. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
-
A
Create an AWS CloudFormation template that contains a transit gateway attachment and related routing configurations. Create a CloudFormation stack set that includes this template. Use CloudFormation StackSets to deploy a new stack for each VPC in the account. Deploy a new VPC for each test environment.
-
B
Create a single VPC for the test environments. Include a transit gateway attachment and related routing configurations. Use AWS CloudFormation to deploy all test environments into the VPC.
-
C
Create a new OU in AWS Organizations for testing. Create an AWS CloudFormation template that contains a VPC, necessary networking resources, a transit gateway attachment, and related routing configurations. Create a CloudFormation stack set that includes this template. Use CloudFormation StackSets for deployments into each account under the testing 01.1. Create a new account for each test environment.
-
D
Convert the test environment EC2 instances into Docker images. Use AWS CloudFormation to configure an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) cluster in a new VPC, create a transit gateway attachment, and create related routing configurations. Use Kubernetes to manage the deployment and lifecycle of the test environments.
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Correct answerB
ExplanationA single VPC lets every short-lived test environment reuse the existing transit gateway attachment and its routes to the on-premises network. AWS CloudFormation can create and delete each EC2-based environment automatically inside that VPC. This avoids provisioning a VPC, transit gateway attachment, routing configuration, or entire AWS account for every temporary pull-request test.
Question 85
Multiple choice
A Solutions Architect is designing a multi-account structure that has 10 existing accounts. The design must meet the following requirements: 1. Consolidate all accounts into one organization. 2. Allow full access to the Amazon EC2 service from the master account and the secondary accounts. 3. Minimize the effort required to add additional secondary accounts. Which combination of steps should be included in the solution? (Choose two.)
-
A
Create an organization from the management account Send invitations to the secondary accounts from the management account Accept the invitations and create an OU
-
B
Create an organization from the management account. Send a join request to the management account from each secondary account Accept the requests and create an OU
-
C
Create a VPC peering connection between the management account and the secondary accounts Accept the request for the VPC peering connection
-
D
Create a service control policy (SCP) that enables full EC2 access, and attach the policy to the OU
-
E
Create a full EC2 access policy and map the policy to a role in each account Trust every other account to assume the role
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Correct answersA, D
ExplanationThe management account creates the organization, sends invitations to the existing secondary accounts, and places accepted accounts in an OU. Attaching a service control policy that enables full EC2 access to that OU establishes the same EC2 permission boundary for every member placed there. Additional accounts can inherit that boundary by joining the OU instead of receiving individual policies.
Question 86
Single choice
A company needs to modernize a legacy .NET Framework application. The application uses an application server and a Microsoft SQL Server database. The company also needs to perform the following tasks: Containerize the application into microservices. 1. Keep control of the operating system patches and storage for the application layer. 2. Add load balancing for the web servers. 3. Make the application highly available. Which solution will meet these requirements?
-
A
Convert the application into a containerized application by using AWS App2Container. Deploy the containerized application on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS). Run the ECS cluster on Amazon EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. Place an Application Load Balancer in front of the Auto Scaling group. Use Amazon RDS for SOL Server with a Multi-AZ deployment to host the database.
-
B
Convert the application into a containerized application by using AWS App2Container. Deploy the containerized application on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS). Run the ECS cluster on EC2 instances in an Auto Scaling group. Place a Network Load Balancer in front of the Auto Scaling group. Use Amazon Aurora MySQL with a Multi-AZ deployment to host the database.
-
C
Convert the application into a containerized application by using the Porting Assistant for .NET tool. Deploy the containerized application on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS). Run the EKS cluster by using AWS Fargate. Place a Network Load Balancer in front of the Auto Scaling group. Host the database on Amazon Aurora MySQL. Configure cross-Region read replicas for the database.
-
D
Convert the application into a containerized application by using the Porting Assistant for .NET tool. Deploy the containerized application on Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS). Run the EKS cluster by using AWS Fargate. Place an Application Load Balancer in front of the Auto Scaling group. Use Amazon RDS for SQL Server with a Multi-AZ deployment to host the database.
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Correct answerA
ExplanationAWS App2Container is designed to help containerize existing .NET Framework applications without requiring a full rewrite. Running Amazon ECS on EC2 instances preserves control over the underlying operating system, patching, and storage, which is a stated requirement. An Application Load Balancer is appropriate for distributing web traffic across containerized application instances. Amazon RDS for SQL Server with Multi-AZ deployment maintains compatibility with the existing database engine while providing high availability.
Question 87
Single choice
A company runs a software-as-a-service (SaaS ) application on AWS. The application comets of AWS Lambda function and an Amazon RDS for MySQL Multi-AZ database During market events the application has a much higher workload than normal Users notice slow response times during the peak periods because of many database connections. The company needs to improve the scalable performance and availability of the database. Which solution meets these requirements?
-
A
Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm action that triggers a Lambda function to add an Amazon RDS for MySQL read replica when resource utilization hits a threshold.
-
B
Migrate the database to Amazon Aurora and add a read replica Add a database connection pool outside of the Lambda hardier function.
-
C
Migrate the database to Amazon Aurora and add a read replica. Use Amazon Route 53 weighted records.
-
D
Migrate the database to Amazon Aurora and add an Aurora Replica. Configure Amazon RDS Proxy to manage database connection pools.
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Correct answerD
ExplanationAn Aurora Replica adds read capacity and improves database availability for the variable SaaS workload. The immediate connection problem comes from many concurrent Lambda invocations opening database sessions. Configuring RDS Proxy to manage connection pools lets those invocations share and reuse connections, reducing database connection pressure while allowing the compute tier to scale.
Question 88
Single choice
A company that runs applications on AWS recently subscribed to a new software-as-a-service (SaaS) data vendor. The vendor provides the data by way of a REST API that the vendor hosts in its AWS environment. The vendor offers multiple options for connectivity to the API and is working with the company to find the best way to connect. The company's AWS account does not allow outbound internet access from its AWS environment. The vendor's services run on AWS in the same Region as the company's applications. A solutions architect must implement connectivity to the vendor's API so that the API is highly available in the company's VPC. Which solution will meet these requirements?
-
A
Connect to the vendor's public API address for the data service
-
B
Connect to the vendor by way of a VPC peering connection between the vendor's VPC and the company's VPC
-
C
Connect to the vendor by way of a VPC endpoint service that uses AWS PrivateLink
-
D
Connect to a public bastion host that the vendor provides. Tunnel the API traffic
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Correct answerC
ExplanationAn AWS PrivateLink VPC endpoint service lets the SaaS vendor expose its API privately to the company's VPC in the same Region. The company connects through a VPC endpoint, so requests do not require outbound internet access or a public bastion host. This service-oriented connection avoids broad network coupling between the two VPCs and provides a managed, highly available private path to the vendor API.
Question 89
Multiple choice
A company has an on-premises monitoring solution using a PostgreSQL database for persistence of events. The database is unable to scale due to heavy ingestion and it frequently runs out of storage. The company wants to create a hybrid solution and has already set up a VPN connection between its network and AWS. The solution should include the following attributes:
- Managed AWS services to minimize operational complexity.
- A buffer that automatically scales to match the throughput of data and requires no ongoing administration.
- A visualization tool to create dashboards to observe events in near-real time.
- Support for semi-structured JSON data and dynamic schemas.
Which combination of components will enable the company to create a monitoring solution that will satisfy these requirements? (Choose two.)
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A
Use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to buffer events. Create an AWS Lambda function to process and transform events.
-
B
Create an Amazon Kinesis data stream to buffer events. Create an AWS Lambda function to process and transform events.
-
C
Configure an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster to receive events. Use Amazon QuickSight to read from the database and create near-real-time visualizations and dashboards.
-
D
Configure Amazon Elasticsearch Service (Amazon ES) to receive events. Use the Kibana endpoint deployed with Amazon ES to create near-real-time visualizations and dashboards.
-
E
Configure an Amazon Neptune DB instance to receive events. Use Amazon QuickSight to read from the database and create near-real-time visualizations and dashboards.
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Correct answersA, D
ExplanationKinesis Data Firehose provides the managed, automatically scaling buffer, and Lambda can process and transform each event without persistent servers. Amazon Elasticsearch Service accepts semi-structured JSON and dynamic schemas for search and analysis. Its deployed Kibana endpoint supplies near-real-time visualizations and dashboards over the received events.
Question 90
Single choice
A company uses an AWS CodeCommit repository. The company must store a backup copy of the data that is in the repository in a second AWS Region. Which solution will meet these requirements?
-
A
Configure AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery to replicate the CodeCommit repository data to the second Region.
-
B
Use AWS Backup to back up the CodeCommit repository on an hourly schedule. Create a cross-Region copy in the second Region.
-
C
Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to invoke AWS CodeBuild when the company pushes code to the repository. Use CodeBuild to clone the repository. Create a .zip file of the content. Copy the file to an S3 bucket in the second Region.
-
D
Create an AWS Step Functions workflow on an hourly schedule to take a snapshot of the CodeCommit repository. Configure the workflow to copy the snapshot to an S3 bucket in the second Region
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Correct answerC
ExplanationA repository push is the event that should create a fresh backup. An Amazon EventBridge rule can start AWS CodeBuild on each push, and CodeBuild can clone the CodeCommit repository, package its full content into a zip file, and copy that archive to an S3 bucket in the second Region. This creates a regional backup without relying on unsupported repository snapshots.
Question 91
Multiple choice
A company has 50 AWS accounts that are members of an organization in AWS Organizations. Each account contains multiple VPCs. The company wants to use AWS Transit Gateway to establish connectivity between the VPCs in each member account. Each time a new member account is created, the company wants to automate the process of creating a new VPC and a transit gateway attachment. Which combination of steps will meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
-
A
From the management account, share the transit gateway with member accounts by using AWS Resource Access Manager.
-
B
From the management account, share the transit gateway with member accounts by using an AWS Organizations SCP.
-
C
Launch an AWS CloudFormation stack set from the management account that automatically creates a new VPC and a VPC transit gateway attachment in a member account. Associate the attachment with the transit gateway in the management account by using the transit gateway ID.
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D
Launch an AWS CloudFormation stack set from the management account that automatically creates a new VPC and a peering transit gateway attachment in a member account. Share the attachment with the transit gateway in the management account by using a transit gateway service-linked role.
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E
From the management account, share the transit gateway with member accounts by using AWS Service Catalog.
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Correct answersA, C
ExplanationAWS Resource Access Manager makes the management account's transit gateway available to member accounts without creating separate gateways. A CloudFormation StackSet can automatically deploy a VPC and its VPC transit gateway attachment into each member account. Referencing the shared transit gateway ID associates every new attachment with the centrally managed gateway and makes the account-creation pattern repeatable.
Question 92
Multiple choice
A company is using multiple AWS accounts and has multiple DevOps teams running production and non-production workloads in these accounts. The company would like to centrally-restrict access to some of the AWS services that the DevOps teams do not use. The company decided to use AWS Organizations and successfully invited all AWS accounts into the Organization. They would like to allow access to services that are currently in-use and deny a few specific services. Also they would like to administer multiple accounts together as a single unit. What combination of steps should the solutions architect take to satisfy these requirements? (Choose three.)
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A
Use a Deny list strategy.
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B
Review the Access Advisor in AWS IAM to determine services recently used
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C
Review the AWS Trusted Advisor report to determine services recently used.
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D
Remove the default FullAWSAccess SCP.
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E
Define organizational units (OUs) and place the member accounts in the OUs.
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F
Remove the default DenyAWSAccess SCP.
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Correct answersA, B, E
ExplanationA deny list strategy preserves access to services already in use while explicitly blocking the few unwanted services. IAM Access Advisor identifies services recently accessed, providing the usage information needed before defining those denials. Organizational units place related member accounts into administrable groups, allowing the same SCP restrictions to be centrally attached and managed for multiple accounts as one unit.
Question 93
Single choice
A company is refactoring its on-premises order-processing platform in the AWS Cloud. The platform includes a web front end that is hosted on a fleet of VMs RabbitMQ to connect the front end to the backend, and a Kubernetes cluster to run a containerized backend system to process the orders. The company does not want to make any major changes to the application Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
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A
Create an AMI of the web server VM Create an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group that uses the AMI and an Application Load Balancer Set up Amazon MQ to replace the on-premises messaging queue Configure Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) to host the order-processing backend.
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B
Create a custom AWS Lambda runtime to mimic the web server environment Create an Amazon API Gateway API to replace the front-end web servers Set up Amazon MQ to replace the on-premises messaging queue Configure Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) to host the order-processing backend.
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C
Create an AMI of the web server VM Create an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group that uses the AMI and an Application Load Balancer Set up Amazon MQ to replace the on-premises messaging queue Install Kubernetes on a fleet of different EC2 instances to host the order-processing backend.
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D
Create an AMI of the web server VM Create an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group that uses the AMI and an Application Load Balancer Set up an Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue to replace the on-premises messaging queue Configure Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) to host the order-processing backend.
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Correct answerA
ExplanationCreating an AMI from the web server VM and running it in an EC2 Auto Scaling group behind an Application Load Balancer preserves the existing front end while adding managed scaling. Amazon MQ replaces RabbitMQ without changing the messaging model. Amazon EKS hosts the existing Kubernetes backend as a managed service, reducing cluster administration and avoiding the application redesign required by Lambda, API Gateway, or SQS.
Question 94
Single choice
A company that has multiple AWS accounts is using AWS Organizations. The company’s AWS accounts host VPCs, Amazon EC2 instances, and containers. The company’s compliance team has deployed a security tool in each VPC where the company has deployments. The security tools run on EC2 instances and send information to the AWS account that is dedicated for the compliance team. The company has tagged all the compliance-related resources with a key of “costCenter” and a value or “compliance”. The company wants to identify the cost of the security tools that are running on the EC2 instances so that the company can charge the compliance team’s AWS account. The cost calculation must be as accurate as possible. What should a solutions architect do to meet these requirements?
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A
In the management account of the organization, activate the costCenter user-defined tag. Configure monthly AWS Cost and Usage Reports to save to an Amazon S3 bucket in the management account. Use the tag breakdown in the report to obtain the total cost for the costCenter tagged resources.
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B
In the member accounts of the organization, activate the costCenter user-defined tag. Configure monthly AWS Cost and Usage Reports to save to an Amazon S3 bucket in the management account. Schedule a monthly AWS Lambda function to retrieve the reports and calculate the total cost for the costCenter tagged resources.
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C
In the member accounts of the organization activate the costCenter user-defined tag. From the management account, schedule a monthly AWS Cost and Usage Report. Use the tag breakdown in the report to calculate the total cost for the costCenter tagged resources.
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D
Create a custom report in the organization view in AWS Trusted Advisor. Configure the report to generate a monthly billing summary for the costCenter tagged resources in the compliance team’s AWS account.
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Correct answerA
ExplanationThe management account has the consolidated billing view for the organization, so activating the costCenter user-defined tag there makes that tag available for organization-wide cost allocation. A monthly Cost and Usage Report stored in its S3 bucket can then break charges down by the tag and obtain the total attributable to compliance resources.
Question 95
Multiple choice
A fitness tracking company serves users around the world, with its primary markets in North America and Asia. The company needs to design an infrastructure for its read-heavy user authorization application with the following requirements: 1. Be resilient to problems with the application in any Region. 2. Write to a database in a single Region. 3. Read from multiple Regions. 4. Support resiliency across application tiers in each Region. 5. Support the relational database semantics reflected in the application. Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take? (Select TWO.)
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A
Use an Amazon Route 53 geoproximity routing policy combined with a multivalue answer routing policy.
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B
Deploy web. application, and MySQL database servers to Amazon EC2 instances in each Region. Set up the application so that reads and writes are local to the Region. Create snapshots of the web, application, and database servers and store the snapshots in an Amazon S3 bucket in both Regions. Set up cross-Region replication for the database layer.
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C
Use an Amazon Route 53 geolocation routing policy combined with a failover routing policy.
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D
Set up web, application, and Amazon RDS for MySQL instances in each Region. Set up the application so that reads are local and writes are partitioned based on the user. Set up a Multi-AZ failover for the web, application, and database servers. Set up cross-Region replication for the database layer.
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E
Set up active-active web and application servers in each Region. Deploy an Amazon Aurora global database with clusters in each Region. Set up the application to use the in-Region Aurora database endpoints. Create snapshots of the web and application servers and store them in an Amazon S3 bucket in both Regions.
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Correct answersC, E
ExplanationRoute 53 geolocation routing sends users to the appropriate regional application, and failover routing redirects them when that regional endpoint is unhealthy. Active-active web and application servers provide resilience in both Regions. An Aurora global database retains relational semantics, uses one write Region, and supplies local cluster endpoints for reads from each Region.
Question 96
Single choice
A company runs a new application as a static website in Amazon S3. The company has deployed the application to a production AWS account and uses Amazon CloudFront to deliver the website. The website calls an Amazon API Gateway REST API. An AWS Lambda function backs each API method. The company wants to create a CSV report every 2 weeks to show each API Lambda function's recommended configured memory, recommended cost, and the price difference between current configurations and the recommendations. The company will store the reports in an S3 bucket. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST development time?
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A
Create a Lambda function that extracts metrics data for each API Lambda function from Amazon CloudWatch Logs for the 2-week penod_Collate the data into tabular format. Store the data as a_csvfile in an S3 bucket. Create an Amazon Eventaridge rule to schedule the Lambda function to run every 2 weeks.
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B
Opt in to AWS Compute Optimizer. Create a Lambda function that calls the ExportLambdaFunctionRecommendatlons operation. Export the_csv file to an S3 bucket. Create an Amazon Eventaridge rule to schedule the Lambda function to run every 2 weeks.
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C
Opt in to AWS Compute Optimizer. Set up enhanced infrastructure metrics. Within the Compute Optimizer console, schedule a job to export the Lambda recommendations to a_csvfile_ Store the file in an S3 bucket every 2 weeks.
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D
Purchase the AWS Business Support plan for the production account. Opt in to AWS Compute Optimizer for AWS Trusted Advisor checks. In the Trusted Advisor console, schedule a job to export the cost optimization checks to a_csvfile_ Store the file in an S3 bucket every 2 weeks.
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Correct answerB
ExplanationAWS Compute Optimizer already generates Lambda memory and cost recommendations, avoiding custom analysis of CloudWatch logs. A Lambda function can call the ExportLambdaFunctionRecommendations operation and place the resulting CSV report in S3. Scheduling that function with an EventBridge rule every two weeks automates the required reporting interval with little custom development.
Question 97
Single choice
A financial services company in North America plans to release a new online web application to its customers on AWS. The company will launch the application in the us-east-1 Region on Amazon EC2 instances. The application must be highly available and must dynamically scale to meet user traffic. The company also wants to implement a disaster recovery environment for the application in the us-west-1 Region by using active-passive failover. Which solution will meet these requirements?
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A
Create a VPC in us-east-1 and a VPC in us-west-1. Configure VPC peering. In the us-east-1 VPC, create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that extends across multiple Availability Zones in both VPCs. Create an Auto Scaling group that deploys the EC2 instances across the multiple Availability Zones in both VPCs. Place the Auto Scaling group behind the ALB.
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B
Create a VPC in us-east-1 and a VPC in us-west-1. In the us-east-1 VPC, create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that extends across multiple Availability Zones in that VPC. Create an Auto Scaling group that deploys the EC2 instances across the multiple Availability Zones in the us-east-1 VPC. Place the Auto Scaling group behind the ALB. Set up the same configuration in the us-west-1 VPC. Create an Amazon Route 53 hosted zone. Create separate records for each ALB. Enable health checks to ensure high availability between Regions.
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C
Create a VPC in us-east-1 and a VPC in us-west-1. In the us-east-1 VPC, create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that extends across multiple Availability Zones in that VPC. Create an Auto Scaling group that deploys the EC2 instances across the multiple Availability Zones in the us-east-1 VPC. Place the Auto Scaling group behind the ALB. Set up the same configuration in the us-west-1 VPC. Create an Amazon Route 53 hosted zone. Create separate records for each ALB. Enable health checks and configure a failover routing policy for each record.
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D
Create a VPC in us-east-1 and a VPC in us-west-1. Configure VPC peering. In the us-east-1 VPC, create an Application Load Balancer (ALB) that extends across multiple Availability Zones in both VPCs. Create an Auto Scaling group that deploys the EC2 instances across the multiple Availability Zones in both VPCs. Place the Auto Scaling group behind the ALB. Create an Amazon Route 53 hosted zone. Create a record for the ALB.
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Close answer details
Correct answerC
ExplanationEach Region receives an independent VPC, multi-AZ Application Load Balancer, and Auto Scaling group, making both the primary and disaster-recovery environments highly available and dynamically scalable. Route 53 records for the two ALBs use health checks and a failover routing policy. Traffic normally reaches us-east-1 and moves to the passive us-west-1 environment if the primary becomes unhealthy.
Question 98
Single choice
A company has mounted sensors to collect information about environmental parameters such as humidity and light throughout all the company's factories. The company needs to stream and analyze the data in the AWS Cloud in real time. If any of the parameters fall out of acceptable ranges, the factory operations team must receive a notification immediately. Which solution will meet these requirements?
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A
Stream the data to an Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream. Use AWS Step Functions to consume and analyze the data in the Kinesis Data Firehose delivery stream. use Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to notify the operations team.
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B
Stream the data to an Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka (Amazon MSK) cluster. Set up a trigger in Amazon MSK to invoke an AWS Fargate task to analyze the data. Use Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) to notify the operations team.
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C
Stream the data to an Amazon Kinesis data stream. Create an AWS Lambda function to consume the Kinesis data stream and to analyze the data. Use Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) to notify the operations team.
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D
Stream the data to an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics application. I-Jse an automatically scaled and containerized service in Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) to consume and analyze the data. use Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES) to notify the operations team.
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Close answer details
Correct answerC
ExplanationAn Amazon Kinesis data stream continuously accepts sensor readings and makes them available for real-time consumers. An AWS Lambda function can consume each batch, analyze whether humidity or light is outside its acceptable range, and react without maintaining servers. When a violation is detected, publishing to Amazon SNS immediately fans the alert out to the factory operations team's configured notification endpoints.
Question 99
Single choice
A retailer is deploying a customer service AI agent that uses multiple tools to look up orders, process refunds, and make address changes. The retailer needs a solution for its CI/CD pipeline that blocks promotion if a new release regresses on specific metrics. The specific metrics include task completion, tool selection, and final response quality. The retailer wants to test the metric evaluation against a set of golden interaction traces. After deployment, the solution must also continuously monitor for agent degradation and perform a periodic human audit of production results. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
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A
Build custom checks by using Amazon CloudWatch Logs and AWS Lambda to parse tool calls and response text. Use weekly manual reviews to decide whether the deployed AI agent meets performance standards.
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B
Use an Amazon Bedrock model evaluation job on the underlying foundation model (FM) by using prompt-response pairs. Promote the release if the model's helpfulness and correctness scores improve over the previous release.
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C
Configure agent trace logging. Add Amazon Bedrock AgentCore Evaluations to the pipeline for on-demand evaluation by using built-in and custom evaluators. Enable online evaluation after deployment. Periodically review a sampled subset of sessions.
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D
Use Amazon Bedrock AgentCore Evaluations in online mode after deployment by using built-in evaluators. Use post-deployment rollback if the evaluation detects regression.
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Correct answerC
ExplanationAgent trace logging captures tool choices, task progress, and final responses for the golden interactions. Amazon Bedrock AgentCore Evaluations can run built-in and custom evaluators on demand in the pipeline, allowing promotion to be blocked when any required metric regresses. Online evaluation then detects production degradation, while periodic review of sampled sessions provides the required human audit.
Question 100
Single choice
A multimedia company needs to deliver its video-on-demand (VOD) content to its subscribers in a cost-effective way. The video files range in size from 1-15 GB and are typically viewed frequently for the first 6 months alter creation, and then access decreases considerably. The company requires all video files to remain immediately available for subscribers. There are now roughly 30.000 files, and the company anticipates doubling that number over time. What is the MOST cost-effective solution for delivering the company's VOD content?
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A
Store the video files in an Amazon S3 bucket using S3 Intelligent-Tiering. Use Amazon CloudFront to deliver the content with the S3 bucket as the origin.
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B
Use AWS Elemental MediaConvert and store the adaptive bitrate video files in Amazon S3. Configure an AWS Elemental MediaPackage endpoint to deliver the content from Amazon S3.
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C
Store the video files in Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) Standard. Enable EFS lifecycle management to move the video files to EFS Infrequent Access after 6 months. Create an Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling group behind an Elastic Load Balancer to deliver the content from Amazon EFS.
-
D
Store the video files in Amazon S3 Standard. Create S3 Lifecycle rules to move the video files to S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) after 6 months and to S3 Glacier Deep Archive after 1 year. Use Amazon CloudFront to deliver the content with the S3 bucket as the origin.
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Correct answerA
ExplanationS3 Intelligent-Tiering matches the lifecycle of these videos by retaining immediate access while adapting storage cost as viewing declines after six months. It avoids placing files in an archival class that cannot satisfy immediate playback. CloudFront caches and delivers the large objects near subscribers, reducing repeated origin transfer and supporting growth without maintaining file servers or a delivery fleet.
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