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Question 1

Single choice

At the ninth Sprint Retrospective, the Product Owner is very disappointed and angry. She has determined that the technical debt has increased, and the product is not meeting her expectations. The product will need a few more Sprints to meet the scalability requirements.

Which of the following could be true?

A
The Scrum Team has not used the past Sprint Retrospectives effectively to inspect and adapt.
B
The Developers have not been paying enough attention to quality.
C
The Scrum Team is not having conversations around technical debt.
D
The Scrum Master has not ensured that the Scrum Team is being transparent.
E
All of the above.
F
None of the above.

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Correct answerE

Question 2

Multiple choice

You have a Scrum Team that has been working together for over a year. The Development Team consists of eleven members who rarely collaborate and work within their functional boundaries. There are no Sprint Goals and most of the items in the Sprint Backlog are unrelated. The Scrum Team has concluded that it is not possible to create Sprint Goals based on the items in the Product Backlog.

What might explain why the Scrum Team is finding it difficult to craft Sprint Goals? (Choose all that apply.)

A
The Sprints are too long.
B
The Product Owner is not empowered to make decisions about items in the Product Backlog nor how they are ordered.
C
The Product Owner doesn't set objectives that he/she wants to achieve with upcoming Sprints.
D
Scrum might not be the best framework for this team.
E
The Development Team is too big.

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Correct answersB, C, D

Explanation

Many people misinterpret the Scrum Guide as stating the Development Team size is limited to 3-9 members. In reality, it only states that there is inherent risk attached to having less than 3 members and more than 9 members. As the number of members increases, the lines of communication also increase.
This can be calculated using the Group intercommunication formula: n(n - 1) / 2 where n is the number of members. Some teams are able to handle the risk and "synergize" whereas others might struggle. Saying that, the relationship between defining a Sprint Goal and Development Team size is unclear.

But the relationship between the ordering of the Product Backlog, the PO having clear objectives, and the Sprint Goal are direct. The Product Owner typically comes to the Sprint Planning with a business objective in mind and Product Backlog items related to the business objective. After deciding what can be done for the upcoming Sprint, the Scrum Team will craft a Sprint Goal that would be met through the implementation of the items. This is not dependent on the size of the team nor length of the Sprint.

Scrum is also a framework that's fit for purpose. Some projects/products are not fit for Scrum... or, better stated, Scrum is not suitable for all projects/products.

Question 3

Multiple choice

Steven is a Scrum Master that was hired to help an organization, that is new to Scrum, understands and enacts Scrum effectively.

Which three activities would be acceptable? (Choose three.)

A
Require all teams in the organization to start using Scrum as soon as possible.
B
Arrange 1:1 coaching sessions to discuss any identified concerns Steven may have.
C
Schedule formal trainings.
D
Penalize any Scrum Team members who are not staying within the Scrum Framework.
E
Educate stakeholders and clients about Scrum.
F
Extend Retrospectives to include formal training.

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Correct answersB, C, E

Explanation

The Scrum Master serves the organization in several ways, including: Leading and coaching the organization in its Scrum adoption; Planning Scrum implementations within the organization; Helping
employees and stakeholders understand and enact Scrum and empirical product development.

Question 4

Multiple choice

Select two ways in which Scrum uses time-boxing to promote self-organization? (Choose two.)

A
Time-boxes ensures that the Development Team commits to completing the items in the Sprint Backlog by the end of the Sprint.
B
Time-boxes encourage the ones closest to the problem make the best possible decisions within the time-frame given the current situation.
C
Time-boxes can help teams plan how many additional Sprints is needed for User Acceptance testing.
D
Time-boxes helps everybody concentrate on the same problem at the same time.

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Correct answersB, D

Explanation

Time-boxes help everyone focus on the work of the Sprint and personally commit to achieving the goals of the Scrum Team.

Question 5

Single choice

How should multiple Scrum Teams, working from the same Product Backlog, select the Product Backlog items their teams plan to work on?

A
The Product Owner will present the work and the Development Teams will select the items they will work on.
B
The Product Owner creates separate Product Backlogs for each Development Team.
C
Each Scrum Team would select an equal number of items.
D
The Product Owner assigns the work to each team.
E
The Scrum Team with the highest productivity will select the items first.

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Correct answerA

Explanation

The ones doing the work are the best ones to decide what they can do and how to do it.

Question 6

Single choice

If burndown charts are used to visualize progress, what does a trendline through a release burndown chart indicate?

A
When all work will be completed so the Scrum Team can start work on a new Product Backlog.
B
When the project will be over if the Product Owner removes work that is equal in effort to any new work that is added.
C
When the work remaining is projected to be completed if nothing changes on the Product Backlog or Development Team.
D
The evolution of the return of investment on the project.

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Correct answerC

Explanation

The trendline is based on the team's average velocity and the projective completion to zero is based on the team's velocity. The burndown chart is a helpful tool for Development Teams to self-manage BUT it is not mandatory as the teams will decide the best way to manage their own progress and promote transparency.

Question 7

Single choice

How should a Scrum Master divide a group of 100 people into multiple Development Teams?

A
Create teams based on their functional layer.
B
Have the resource manager assign the people to teams.
C
Ask the developers to divide themselves into teams.

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Correct answerC

Explanation

A good first question for you to suggest the group thinking about when forming into teams is "How will we make sure all teams have the right amount of expertise?"

Question 8

Multiple choice

During the Sprint Retrospective, the newest developer says that his perspective and ideas have been ignored by the rest of the Developers throughout the Sprint.

What Scrum values are touched here? (Choose three.)

A
Openness
B
Transparency
C
Courage
D
Respect
E
Focus
F
Commitment

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Correct answersA, C, D

Question 9

Multiple choice

An important aspect of Scrum are timeboxes. Select two ways in which timeboxing reinforces the creation of value. (Choose two.)

A
Scrum Teams can determine on their own how much overtime is acceptable for a timebox-generally expressed as a percentage of the timebox.
B
Timeboxes help everyone focus on the same problem at the same time.
C
Timeboxing assures that a Product Owner does not interrupt the Developers during a Sprint.
D
Timeboxes encourage the people who are closest to the problem to create the best possible result in the time allotted, given the current context.

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Correct answersB, D

Question 10

Multiple choice

Steven, the Scrum Master, is approached by one of the Development Team members saying that they are not completing regression tests for all of the work they are performing to the level defined in the Definition of Done. They have discussed this with the Product Owner and decided to remove regression testing from the Definition of Done.

Which two actions are the most appropriate for Steven to take? (Choose two.)

A
Reject the decision as the long term maintainability of the product will be negatively impacted by modifying the Definition of Done.
B
Accept the decision as a mutual agreement has been made between the Development Team and the Product Owner.
C
Ask the Development Team and the Product Owner what problem they are trying to solve by altering the Definition of Done and removing regression testing from it. In what ways will this decision impact transparency and quality?
D
Ask the Development Team and the Product Owner if they are still able to produce potentially shippable product increments by altering the Definition of Done?

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Correct answersC, D

Explanation

As a servant/leader, the Scrum Master facilitates conversations through open ended questions in order to help the team members make the best possible decisions according to what is known at the time. He/she does not approve or reject team decisions but ensures the team stays within the boundaries of the Scrum framework.

Question 11

Single choice

Every Development Team should have the competencies and skills needed to deliver a Done Increment in a Sprint.

A
True
B
False

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Correct answerA

Explanation

Development Teams are self-organized and cross-functional.

Question 12

Single choice

Which statement best describes Scrum?

A
A clearly defined methodology that defines the software development process.
B
A manual for defining best practices for software development.
C
A clearly defined and predictable process that follows the principles of Computer Science.
D
A framework to address complex products in complex environments.

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Correct answerD

Explanation

Frameworks allow those closest to the problem the flexibility to creatively and productively deliver products of the highest possible value. Each component of Scrum serves a specific purpose and is essential to Scrum's success and your usage of Scrum to develop complex projects.

Question 13

Single choice

What would be good ways of creating Development Teams that would support the Scrum values?

A
Project Managers will allocate individuals to specific teams.
B
Bring all the developers or existing teams together and let them propose how to organize into the new structure and self-organize into Development Teams.
C
The operations manager determines the new team structures and assignments.
D
Direct managers personally re-assign current reports to new teams.

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Correct answerB

Explanation

The ones that will be doing the work are the best ones to decide on what Development Team structures work best.

Question 14

Single choice

In what ways does the Scrum Master keep a Development Team working at its highest level of productivity?

A
By removing impediments that hinder the Development Team and facilitating Development Team decisions.
B
By helping the Development Team with user acceptance tests and tracking defects.
C
By ensuring each member takes turns speaking at the Daily Scrum and ending the event on time.
D
By keeping the Scrum board and burn-down chart updated daily.

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Correct answerA

Explanation

The Scrum Master serves the Development Team by removing impediments to the Development Team's progress and facilitating Scrum events as requested or needed.

Question 15

Single choice

Which of the following actions is appropriate for a Scrum Master at the Daily Scrum?

A
Making sure each member has an opportunity to answer all three questions.
B
Leading the Daily Scrum.
C
Teaching the Development Team to keep the Daily Scrum time-boxed to 15 minutes or less.
D
Updating the Scrum board.
E
All of the above.

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Correct answerC

Question 16

Single choice

What must the Development Team do during the first Sprint?

A
Create a potentially shippable product Increment that includes at least one piece of functionality.
B
Analyze and estimate the requirements for the subsequent Sprints.
C
Create a project plan in order to map functional development to Sprint dates.
D
Only design and develop the architecture and infrastructure.

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Correct answerA

Explanation

Sprints promote iterative and incremental development.

Question 17

Multiple choice

During the Sprint Review, one of the stakeholders announces that due to recent market changes, there is risk that funding might be reduced for the project. This triggers tensions to rise and arguments to break out between members.

As a Scrum Master, what would be the best two actions to take? (Choose two.)

A
Defend the original budget and request the stakeholders to adhere to the original agreed funding for the product.
B
Encourage the stakeholders and Product Owner to focus on delivering the highest value items for the next Sprint.
C
Be objective and request for a short break for people to calm down.
D
Avoid getting involved as it is the Product Owner's responsibility to manage stakeholder expectations.
E
Inform everyone that the team needs to stay busy until the information is formally announced.

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Correct answersB, C

Explanation

The Scrum Master is responsible for promoting and supporting Scrum by helping everyone embody the values of commitment, courage, focus, openness and respect.

Question 18

Multiple choice

You are a Scrum Master entering an organization that wants to "evolve" their product development to Scrum. The organization's teams are organized into component teams. This means that teams address one single application layer only (for example, front end, middle tier, back end, and interfaces).

You introduce the concept of feature teams, where teams have the skills to work on multiple layers throughout a Sprint and deliver working software every Sprint.

What are two things you take into consideration when moving away from component teams toward feature teams? (Choose two.)

A
You cannot do Scrum without feature teams. Do not continue adopting Scrum until teams are reorganized in feature teams.
B
With feature teams, it is easier to calculate and compare the productivity per team. Incentives on productivity are likely to speed up the transition to feature teams, and therefore the adoption of Scrum.
C
Feature teams will require time to become productive as people from the different layers and components become accustomed to working and delivering unified functionality together, as one Scrum Team.
D
Productivity, in terms of lines of code or story points, will probably suffer during the transition, although even then delivery of business value is still likely to increase.

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Correct answersC, D

Question 19

Single choice

The Development Team should have all the skills and competencies needed to:

A
Turn the Product Backlog items it selects into a potentially releasable product increment of functionality.
B
Do all of the development work in order to handoff to the testers in the subsequent Sprint.
C
Complete the project within the estimate as committed to the Product Owner.

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Correct answerA

Question 20

Single choice

As a Scrum Master, you observe that the Product Owner is not collaborating with the Development Team effectively.

What action would you take?

A
Send the Product Owner to training.
B
Nominate a proxy Product Owner.
C
Act as the go-between.
D
Coach the Product Owner.

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Correct answerD

Explanation

A Scrum Master coaches those inside and outside the team on the values of Scrum and incremental delivery.

Question 21

Single choice

What should the Development Team do if they are approached by someone outside the team and asked to add a "very important" item to a Sprint that is in progress?

A
Add the item to the bottom of the Sprint Backlog.
B
Replace an item in the current Sprint of equal size.
C
Add the item to the top of the next Sprint Backlog.
D
Inform the Product Owner so he/she can work with the person.

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Correct answerD

Explanation

Allow the Product Owner to decide what to do with the item as he/she is responsible for the flow of value.

Question 22

Single choice

Which statement is correct about the length of the Sprints?

A
All Sprints must be one month or less and it is optimal to have a consistent Sprint length.
B
The Sprint length is dependent on the development effort forecasted (amount of items selected) during Sprint Planning.
C
The Sprint length is calculated by aggregating the time required to design, code and test.
D
The Sprint Length is defined by the Scrum Master.

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Correct answerA

Question 23

Multiple choice

The director of engineering in your organization always stresses the importance of meeting deadlines in order for the engineering department to be seen as a reliable source for the product management department. The director has calculated that the team's velocity needs to increase an additional 15% to meet the commitment he made to management for the release date of the product.

He asks Steven, the team's Scrum Master, to increase his team's velocity.

Which would be the best two responses for Steven to take? (Choose two.)

A
He explains how a team uses the velocity of a Sprint primarily to forecast work for the next Sprint, not to perfectly predict future productivity. He refers the director to the Product Owner for all information concerning the progress of development.
B
He informs the director of organizational impediments he is aware of that prevent the team from being more productive. He suggests collaborating with him on how to remove these impediments.
C
He educates his director how it is part of a team's self-organization to improve velocity. He invites the director to the next Sprint Retrospective to brainstorm on how they can improve.
D
He helps the director understand that it typically takes a few Sprints for a team to gradually increase
the velocity up to the level expected. Meanwhile he presents this to the team as a challenge and a company goal, leaving it however up to them to figure out exactly how to achieve this.
E
He tells the director that this is not his responsibility in Scrum. He tells the director to work with the Product Owner to check whether the estimates on the Product Backlog are being respected during implementation.

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Correct answersA, B

Explanation

The Scrum Master serves the organization by helping employees and stakeholders understand and enact Scrum and empirical product development and causing change that increases the productivity of the Scrum Team.

Question 24

Multiple choice

During the Sprint Retrospective, the team is discussing the quality issues that prevented the team from delivering a releasable Increment at the end of the Sprint. The Development Team does, however, mention that they were able to achieve a high velocity.

What are the best two responses for Steven, their Scrum Master, to take? (Choose two.)

A
Stress the value of working software over measured velocity.
B
Agree and acknowledge the Development Team's hard work, so they will be motivated to do even more in the next Sprint.
C
Acknowledge the hard work but remind the Development Team that they need to improve in order to do even more in the next Sprint.
D
Facilitate a discussion on how to improve the quality to a level high enough for the Increment to be releasable, even if the measured velocity drops in the next Sprint.

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Correct answersA, D

Explanation

Scrum employs an iterative, incremental approach to optimize predictability and control risk. The primary objective of a Sprint (iteration) is to produce a potentially shippable product Increment. Having an Increment will allow the Scrum Team to know the right thing to do in the upcoming Sprint. Having a velocity is important but working software is the primary measure of progress.

Question 25

Multiple choice

Steven is a Scrum Master for three Scrum Teams building the same product and working from the same Product Backlog. Management wants to standardize how velocity is calculated across all three teams in order to identify which teams are high performing and which teams need more support.

What would be the best two responses Steven could provide to management? (Choose two.)

A
There is no direct relationship between velocity and value.
B
Standardizing velocity across teams is a good way to understand which teams are producing the most value.
C
Providing incentives based on velocity can increase the Scrum Team's motivation to produce more value.
D
Velocity is the amount of business functionality that a Scrum Team creates in a Sprint. It is unique to that team and used as an input to Sprint Planning.

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Correct answersA, D

Explanation

Working software is the primary measure of progress. Scrum is based on empirical process control theory where delivering working software frequently and measuring the impact helps the Product Owner maximize opportunity for the business to deliver value.

Question 26

Single choice

Customer satisfaction should be measured:

A
Annually
B
Quarterly
C
Daily
D
Frequently

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Correct answerD

Explanation

Frequent enough to ensure the team is building the right thing at the right time but not so frequent it hinders the team from the work.

Question 27

Multiple choice

A Scrum Master colleague of yours wants some guidance on what to do in the following situation. During the Daily Scrum, one Scrum Team member, who is a key central figure in the organization, drags on and on about things which actually are interesting but not relevant for the Daily Scrum, day after day.

What are two suggestions you would offer to your colleague? (Choose two.)

A
You contact the team member's Line Manager and raise this as an impediment to the Manager, and ask that they resolve this matter.
B
You suggest coaching the Developers to help them find a way to solve the problem, and own the solution.
C
You suggest passing a token around. The person holding the token has the floor to speak for an allotted amount of time.
D
You suggest taking the person aside and asking them what they believe the key outcomes are for the Daily Scrum. Effectively coaching them to help create focus during the Daily Scrum.
E
You suggest using a timer, to limit the time each person can speak at the Daily Scrum.

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Correct answersB, D, E

Question 28

Multiple choice

In the Daily Scrum, the Product Owner applauds every Developer who moves a Sprint Backlog item to completion. The Product Owner wants to encourage the Developers to make progress visible on the burn-down chart. Select the two best options for the Scrum Master to take. (Choose two.)

A
Take the opportunity to create more energy and team spirit and encourage everyone to participate in the applause.
B
Nothing. The Scrum Master does not attend the Daily Scrum.
C
Tell the Product Owner your concerns about how his behavior may impact the Developers, and ask him to stop attending the Daily Scrum for some time.
D
Coach the Scrum Team about the purpose of the Daily Scrum.

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Correct answersC, D

Question 29

Single choice

A key concern when multiple Development Teams are working for the same Product Backlog is minimizing dependencies between teams.

A
True
B
False

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Correct answerA

Explanation

Minimizing dependencies reduces complexity and enhances agility.

Question 30

Multiple choice

Peter, the Product Owner, has been giving positive recognition to individual Development Team members
who have moved their work to `done' during the Daily Scrum. Peter wants to ensure the team is adhering
to the ideal guideline on the burndown chart.

What would be two valid actions for Steven, the Scrum Master, to take? (Choose two.)

A
Steven talks with Peter about concerns of how his behavior might impact the team members and request that he stop attending for now.
B
Steven coaches Peter on best practices for updating the burndown chart as it provides accurate information on how well the team is performing.
C
Nothing. Steven is optional at the Daily Scrum and it is the responsibility of the team to decide how to best run it.
D
Steven coaches the Scrum Team about the purpose of the Daily Scrum.

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Correct answersA, D

Explanation

The Scrum Master is responsible for promoting and supporting Scrum as defined in the Scrum Guide.
Scrum Masters do this by helping everyone understand Scrum theory, practices, rules, and values.

The Scrum Master is a servant-leader for the Scrum Team. The Scrum Master helps the Scrum Team understand which of their interactions are helpful and which aren't.
The Scrum Master helps everyone change these interactions to maximize the value created by the Scrum Team.

Question 31

Single choice

A Scrum Team must have a Product Owner and Scrum Master.

A
False. A Scrum Master is only necessary when requested or needed.
B
True. Each must be a full-time member on the Scrum Team.
C
True. Their participation and availability will impact the outcomes produced by the Scrum Team.
D
False. If a Product Owner is unavailable, he/she can be replaced by a Business Analyst.

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Correct answerC

Explanation

A Product Owner or Scrum Master can be dedicated to one team OR participate as a member on more than one team. How much time they spend with each team will directly impact effectiveness of the team.

Question 32

Single choice

Which statement best describes the responsibility of the Product Owner?

A
Optimizing the value of the work the Development Team does.
B
Managing the Development Team.
C
Ensuring that the work meets the commitments to the stakeholders.
D
Acting as the go-between for the stakeholders.

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Correct answerA

Explanation

The Product Owner is accountable for the flow of value that the Development Team selects to work on.

Question 33

Single choice

In order to start the first Sprint, Scrum only requires a Product Owner with enough ideas, a Development Team to execute on those ideas, and a Scrum Master to guide the process.

A
True
B
False

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Correct answerA

Explanation

In complex domains, you are only able to know the outcomes in hindsight. Empiricism, from which Scrum was founded on, asserts that knowledge comes from experience and making decisions based on what is known. New knowledge will emerge as work is being done.

Question 34

Multiple choice

In what two ways is velocity and technical debt related? (Choose two.)

A
They are not related because technical debt is non-functional and velocity is calculated based on end user functionality.
B
As the Development Team is working on new Product Backlog items, they may unexpectedly run into technical debt that will result the team's velocity dropping.
C
A Development Team can artificially increase velocity by allowing technical debt to be incurred.
D
Adding estimates to technical debt will allow the Development Team to maintain constant velocity therefore ensuring predictability.

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Correct answersB, C

Explanation

Technical debt is a natural occurrence when developing complex products. It is a concept in software development that reflects the implied cost of additional rework caused by choosing an easy solution now instead of using a better approach that would take longer. And how it is managed will depend on the team AND context of the situation.

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Professional Scrum Master II

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