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An exercise ball is made from soft elastic thai has uniform thickness of 2 millimeters, and the interior of 1the ball is filled with air. The ball is in the shape of a sphere and has an exterior diameter of 65 centimeters.

What is the radius of the interior of the ball, in millimeters?

One of the remarkable things about (i)________is that it can seem so (li)________: many of the issues about which people (iii)________seem, to the nonzealot. to be gray and ambiguous at the core.

Female Australian Dunaiothhps [small, sap-sucking insects] create tent-like structures on the surface of leaves to protect themselves and their eggs and larvae from desiccation in the arid Australian climate.
Bono and Crespi compared survival and reproduction of thrips that founded structures alone with those in groups of two or more individuals. They found that although per capita egg production fell with increasing group size, foundresses were more likely to survive and lay eggs in groups than when alone. Several studies of other species of nest-building insects have concluded that foundress associations are beneficial to all parties. It is likely that the relative success of groups is at least in part accounted for by a reduction of energy use in the modification of a shared nest.

The author mentions "desiccation" primarily to

In a survey of 150 computer owners, 98 owned a primer. 72 owned a digital camera, and all of them owned either a printer or a digital camera or both.

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As a part of an environmental study of a river, a random sample of trout was drawn from the river and the lengths of the trout were recorded. The average (arithmetic mean) length was 14.31 inches. If a length of
16. S9 inches was 1.50 standard deviations above the average, what was the standard deviation of the lengths of the trout in the sample?

3.
4. and v.

Which of the following inequalities specifies those values of y for which each angle measure of mangle RST is less than 90°?

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How many positive integers less than or equal to 29 can be expressed as the product of two different integers greater than 1?

Carbon dating of charcoal gathered from a Nok iron smelter at Intini. Nigeria, suggests thai iron technology was established there by 410 B.C. This may not be the oldest smelter in sub-Saharan Africa, however.
Archaeologists have located evidence of iron-smelting in the Termit Hills of Niger from as early as 1400
B.C.. but skeptics say the wood used for that dating could have already been centuries old when burned as fuel--a problem that dogs carbon dating, especially in arid places like Niger, where wood desiccates and lasts longer. Of course, the same problem could distort dates for the Intini furnace as well, but here there is an important piece of corroborating evidence: Nok pottery found inside the furnace alongside the charcoal

The passage is primarily concerned with

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The average (arithmetic mean) of a set of n test scores is 70. If a new score of 90 is added to the set. the average of the set of scores will be 72.

What is the value of w?

The (i)_________between the scholar's arguments and their (ii)_________has long been evident: the arguments

claim that we live in a world of rhetoric and contingency, but the arguer presents her claim as anything but rhetorical and contingent.

Exhibit.

Adapting to its changing environment and building its own ecological niche in interactions with other disciplines, the scientific discipline of ecology can be seen as highly_________.

The danger often facing authors of satirical works is that if the audience is not (i)_________the joke, the piece may

end up (ii)_________the behavior it was trying to (iii)_________.

As originally formulated, the selfish-herd theory of prey species aggregation assumed that predatory attacks were equally likely to be launched from any position within the environment. In some circumstances (e.g.. avian predators attacking prey from above), such an approach is appropriate.
However, as James et at. argue, in many predator-prey associations, attacks are unlikely to occur from positions within the group. For example, it is likely that an ambushing predator waiting in the path of a group would be detected before the group moves over its position. Hence, in many ecological situations, predatory attacks on grouped prey will occur exclusively from outside the group. In such circumstances, there is a strong premium to a group member in being in the interior of the group.

The passage suggests that compared to members of the prey groups in "some circumstances." certain members of the prey groups in "many ecological situations" are likely to be less

The landmasses that we see on Earth today have moved around the globe, smashing together and splitting apart several times over the past 3 billion years. These cycles of (i)_________and (ii)
_________have affected Earth's crust and underlying mantle, its atmosphere and climate, and the life ii supports.

Because ii has usually been impossible to_________exotic species once they have become established, it is prudent to minimize the introduction of such species that have a substantial probability of unwanted impacts.

One reason researchers have long believed that Mars never enjoyed an extensive period of warm and wet climate is that much of the surface not covered by wind-borne dust appears to be composed of unweathered material. If water flowed for an extended period, researchers reasoned, it should have altered and weathered the volcanic minerals, creating clays or other oxidized, hydrated phases (minerals that incorporate water molecules in their crystal structure).

It turns out. though, that the scientists were not looking closely enough. New high-resolution mapping data and close-up surface studies have revealed clays and other hydrated minerals in many regions The clay deposits are scattered all over, in ancient volcanic surfaces and heavily cratered highland regions, some of which have apparently been exposed by erosion only recently.

Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

The passage indicates which of the following about the clay deposits an Mars?

In those days, most county prosecutors" offices were extremely (i)_________operations, with few meaningful contacts beyond the county's borders. Thus, it is (ii)_________that Kaus. during her tenure as county prosecutor, reached all the way to the nation's capital in order to overhaul the office.

The politician's record while in office, though (i)_________- hardly accounts for her high standing three decades later

--a standing all the more (it)_________because of continuing assaults on her reputation during those years.

The poet Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872-1906) was the premier Black writer of poetry that used the dialect of rural African Americans of the southern United States. Although Dunbar's works were both popular with readers am! acclaimed by literary critics during his lifetime, after the First World War a radical shift occurred, at least in critical opinion of his poetry, and twentieth-century critical evaluation of his work has been generally negative. Some critics attacked his work on social grounds for failing to challenge plantation stereotypes of African Americans. Other critics, such as the poet James Weldon Johnson, argued from aesthetic grounds that dialect poetry in general was too limited as an artistic medium, and capable of producing only two effects: pathos and humor. The negative critical trend only began to reverse itself in the 1970s, when scholars began to emphasize the importance of mythic, psyclwlogical. and historical dimensions of Dunbar's works, focusing on the interior and exterior realities of African American life after the Civil War.

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage concerning Litrary critics' evaluations of Dunbar's poetry?

Of the 2.896 people who voted on a certain issue. the number who voted yes and the number who voted no are shown in the table. classified by age-group. Which of the following statements are true?

Indicate all such statements.

A certain company made neither a profit nor a loss on the first 1.000 widgets it sold and made a profit of $0.50 on each widget it sold after the first 1.000.
If the company's total profit from the sale of widgets was p dollars, what is the number of widgets it sold in terms of p?

In Cleopatra: A Life. Schitf_________Cleopatra, stripping away the accretions of myth built up around the

Egyptian queen and plucking off the imaginative embroiderings of Shakespeare and Shaw.

An investor purchased two properties. A and B. The investor later sold property A at a selling price that was 20 percent more than the purchase price of A. and the investor sold property B at a selling price that was 40 percent less than the purchase price of B. If the combined purchase price of properties A and B was S200.000 and the combined selling price was S210.000.
what was the selling price of property A?

People who come to believe false rumors often do so quite (i)_________in the sense mat their new belief

(ii)_________their existing knowledge. This problem is especially acute on the Internet.
Rumors often arise and gain

traction because they fit with, and support, the prior convictions of those who accept them.

Robert Philip argues that the advent of recorded music has directed performance style into a search for greater precision and perfection, with a consequent loss of spontaneity and warmth. Various expressive devices once common in classical music have been almost outlawed, including portamento (sliding from one note to another on a stringed instrument), playing the piano with the hands not quite synchronized, and flexibility of tempo. Philip fully documents these changes. However, other forces independent of recording were also at work. For example, the freedom of tempo so valued by Philip was. in its time, both a necessary expedient and disastrously abused. Recording alone did not cause the reaction against it. although hearing a particularly unintelligent use of it on disc may have reinforced the prejudice.

Hie author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about the "devices"?

Many shipwrecks dating from the period between A.D. 300 and 600 have been discovered in the Remain
Sea. Well over half of those ships were carrying cargo stored in large ceramic jars, many of which were preserved largely intact on the ocean floor. During that period, such jars carried only liquid. Therefore, liquid cargo was probably carried by a majority of the cargo ships that navigated the Ramian Sea during that period.

The force of the evidence cited in the passage is most seriously weakened if which of the following is true?

Recent research has questioned the long-standing view of pearly mussels as exclusively suspension feeders (animals that strain suspended particles from water) that subsist on phytoplankton (mostly algae).
Early studies of mussel feeding were based on analyses of gut contents, a method that has three weaknesses. First, material in mucus-bound gut contents is difficult to identify and quantify. Second, material found in the gut may pass undigested out of the mussel, not contributing to its nutrition. Finally, examination of gut contents offers limited insight into the mechanisms and behaviors by which mussels acquire food. Modem studies suggest that pearly mussels feed on more than just algae and may use other means than suspension feeding. Pedal feeding (sweeping up edible material with a muscular structure called the foot) has been observed in juvenile pearly mussels.

Besides the phytoplankton pearly mussels capture from the water column, their guts also contain small animals, protozoans, and detritus (nonliving particulate organic material). Recent studies show that mussels can capture and assimilate bacteria as well, a potentially important source of food in many fresh waters. Another potential source of food for mussels is dissolved organic matter. Early studies showing that pearly mussels could take up simple organic compounds were largely discounted because such labile (unstable) compounds are rarely abundant in nature. Nevertheless, recent work on other bivalves suggests that dissolved organic matter may be a significant source of nutrition.

Of this complex mix of materials that pearly mussels acquire, what is actually required and assimilated?
Stable-isotope analyses of mussels taken from nature and of captive-reared mussels are beginning to offer some insight into this question. Nichols and Garling showed that pearly mussels in a small river were omnivorous, subsisting mainly on particles less than 2S micrometers in diameter, including algae, detritus, and bacteria. Bacterially derived carbon was apparently the primary source of soft-tissue carbon. However, bacteria alone cannot support mussel growth, because they lack the necessary long-chain fatty acids and sterols and are deficient in some amino acids. Bacteria may supplement other food resources, provide growth factors, or be the primary food In habitats such as headwater streams, where phytoplankton is scarce. Juvenile mussels have been most successfully reared m the laboratory on diets containing algae high in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, it appears that the pearly mussel diet in nature may consist of algae, bacteria, detritus, and small animals and that at least some algae and bacteria may be required as a source of essential biochemicals.

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the research findings of Nichols and Garling?

Exhibit.

For how many of the five neighborhoods did the ratio of the foreign-born population to the total population of the neighborhood increase from 1930 to 1990?

In a set of polygons, 80 percent are hexagons. Of the hexagons. 20 percent are regular hexagons.

If x and v in the equation shown are numbers that satisfy y < 0 and |x| = |y|, which of the following must be the value of x ?

If set 5 consists of the squares of the integers from -5 to 5.
inclusive, how many elements are in set S ?

Larvae of many marine invertebrate species delay their metamorphosis into juveniles when cues signaling an appropriate juvenile environment are absent, thereby increasing their likelihood of thriving as juveniles and of ultimately reaching adulthood Nevertheless, delayed metamorphosis has potential costs for juveniles including reduced growth and increased mortality Nearly all evidence of such costs involves species whose larvae do not feed but rather subsist on stored nutrients, indicating that insufficient energy reserves may be an underlying cause of these costs. Supporting this hypothesis are laboratory studies showing that in a certain bryozoan. the prolonged larval swimming that results from delayed metamorphosis is associated with size reductions in the juvenile feeding organ (the lophophore) and that one factor influencing the size of juveniles of certain barnacle species is how long larvae delay metamorphosis.
However, other studies show that while significantly fewer juvenile Capitella worms survived to adulthood when metamorphosis had been delayed, prolonged larval swimming had no significant effect on juvenile size, suggesting, perhaps, that in some species, factors other than insufficient energy reserves account for the negative effects of the larval stresses that result from delayed metamorphosis.

The passage suggests that the, "bryozoan." the "barnacle species.'
" and 'Capitella worms" all share which of the following characteristics?

In Country P the percent spent on outdoor advertising in 2012 was one-half of the corresponding percent spent in 2013.

Which of the following is closest to the amount spent on outdoor advertising in Country P in 2012 ?

A rancher is planning to build an enclosed pen for horses on level ground. The pen will be rectangular with a length that is 2 times the width.
If the perimeter of the pen will be P meters, which of the following represents the area, in square meters, of the pen in terms of P?

Whatever the level of the museum's past (i)_________American art. it pales beside its current (ii)
_________. Since

opening its renovated and expanded building, the museum has relegated American paintings to hard-to-find comers of

the museum. It is as if American art is < iii >_________the overwhelmingly European narrative that
dominates the
permanent collection galleries.

If 20 percent of the amount budgeted for vacation had instead been added to the amount budgeted for entertainment, which of the following is closest to the percent by which ihe amount budgeted for entertainment would have increased?

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The list price of a certain snowblower is S600.0O. At Store At the sale price of the snowblower is 10 percent less than its list price, and there is no sales tax. At Store y the sale price of the snowblower is 15 percent less than its list price, plus there is a sales tax of 5 percent of the sale price. If the cost of the snowblower is equal to its sale price plus any applicable sales tax.
how much greater is the cost of the snowblower at Store X than at Store Y?

Despite the (i)_________name given to the fossil species, the fossil itself was (ii)_________: a wing bone, it measured nearly 0.6 meters (two feed long, indicating that its owner had been a very large bird, twice the size of some modern albatrosses.

The graph summarizes the responses from 4.500 respondents who rated their degree of confidence in each of eight United States institutions. Each respondent gave each institution one of five confidence ratings: high, moderate, little, none, or undecided.

If 20 percent of the respondents rated both their degree of confidence in the federal government and their degree of confidence in the news media high or moderate, what percent of the respondents gave neither of these institutions a confidence rating of high or moderate?

If the sum of two positive prime numbers is 5.
which of the following is a multiple of the product of the two numbers?

Instances of "galactic cannibalism"--mergers in which large galaxies completely consume smaller ones-- may be fairly common. Tidal forces produced by the Milky Way's powerful gravity, for example, appear to be dismantling and engulfing a dwarf galaxy in the constellation Sagittarius, producing large clumps and streamers of stars connecting the two galaxies. Astronomers have also observed two dense clusters of stars and gas at the heart of the Andromeda galaxy, an apparent "double nucleus" that may contain the remnant of a cannibalized dwarf galaxy. But this twin-lobed appearance could also be created by two parts of a single nucleus bisected by a lane of dust. Scientists believe that only about 25 percent of such apparent double nuclei actually represent galactic cannibalism. Many of the rest result from the illusion of proximity that occurs when objects at different distances appear along the same line of sight: others

consist of debris from galactic "collisions." in which one galaxy has passed through another without merging, causing waves of new star formation.

The primary purpose of the passage is to

Exhibit.

Birds that prey on sage grouse generally hunt by circling over sagebrush and pouncing on sage grouse that come out into the open. Where there are power lines, however, these predators often survey the ground while sitting on the power lines. Although the area they can survey is smaller, predators sitting on power lines are more likely to catch sage grouse than are predators circling in the air. because_________,

The primary purpose of the passage is to

The importance of the Bill of Rights in twentieth-century United States law and politics has led some historians to search for the "original meaning" of its most controversial clauses. This approach. known as "originalism." presumes that each right codified in the Bill of Rights had au independent history that can be studied in isolation from the histories of other rights, and its proponents ask how formulations of the Bill of Rights in 1791 reflected developments in specific areas of legal thinking at that time. Legal and constitutional historians, for example, have found originalism especially useful in the study of provisions of the Bill of Rights that were innovative by eighteenth-century standards, such as the Fourth Amendment's broadly termed protection against "unreasonable searches and seizures." Recent calls in the legal and political arena for a return to a "jurisprudence of original intention." however, have made it a matter of much more than purely scholarly interest when originalists insist that a clause's true meaning was fixed at the moment of its adoption, or maintain that only those rights explicitly mentioned in the United States Constitution deserve constitutional recognition and protection. These two claims seemingly lend support to the notion that an interpreter must apply fixed definitions of a fixed number of rights to contemporary issues, for the claims imply that the central problem of rights in the Revolutionary era was to precisely identity, enumerate, and define those rights that Americans felt were crucial to protecting their liberty.

Both claims, however, are questionable from the perspective of a strictly historical inquiry, however sensible they may seem from the vantage point of contemporary jurisprudence. Even though originalists are correct in claiming that the search for original meaning is inherently historical, historians would not normally seek.

The passage suggests that a historian conducting a strictly historical inquiry would make which of the following assumptions when studying the Bill of Rights?

The public has not reacted favorably to the majority of the policies adopted by the present government. If. however, the electoral landslide by which the government achieved power five years ago was. as is often claimed, a mandate for more conservative policies, then the public response to most of the government's policies would have been favorable.

If the statements in the passage are true, which of the following must also be true on the basis of them?

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In Country P in 2013, how much more was spent on television advertising than on radio and Internet advertising combined?

Give your answer to the nearest million dollars.

Many environmentalists who revere nature would find the intellectual traditions of Rousseau. Kropotkin. and Jefterson much more compatible with their vision than that of Marx, who_________the domination of nature by humans.

A certain list consists of 249 consecutive integers, each of which is less than 300.

One difficulty in convincing early scientists that craters fanned as a result of impacts from space is that most craters are circular. Impacts could come in at any angle, and experiments firing projectiles in the laboratory show that low-angle impacts lead to elliptical craters, not circular ones. Furthermore, while there was rarely evidence of any impacting object, there was often silicate melt around, suggesting that craters were caused by volcanic processes. The breakthrough in understanding crater origin was the recognition that the shock caused by the impacting object--not the object itself--creates a circular crater some twenty Times larger than the diameter of the impactor. The impact also generates enough heat to largely vaporize the impactor and melt the native rock.

What can be inferred from the passage about the silicate melt found around craters?

There is a long-standing historical presumption that social custom during ihe early years of the United States forbade women from public speaking. In fact, though, the standard mode of education of the 1790s and early 1800s. which emphasized oral recitation and performance, taught girls that educated and well-spoken women had an important role to play in American society. By depicting skilled speech as a necessary talent for women in a civilized society, elocutionary education encouraged a certain degree of female ambition and even political involvement. Transmitted via standard, inexpensive schoolbooks. this message reached virtually all who read schoolbooks or attended schools. This environment did not last long, however: even by the 1S10s. attitudes about women's education had changed considerably.

The passage suggests that women's education during the IS 10s differed from women's education during the 1790s and early 1800s in that women's education during the 1810s

Dunne a certain month. 20 percent of all the electricity used by a household was used by the water heater.
The cost per kilowatt-hour of the electricity used by the water heater was half the cost per kilowatt-hour of the rest of the electricity used.
For that month, the cost of the electricity used by the water heater was what traction of the cost of the electricity used by the household?

Some archaeologists speculate that the Americas might have been initially colonized between 40.000 and 25.000 years ago. However, to support this theory it is necessary to explain the absence of generally accepted habitation sites for that time interval in what is now the United States. Australia, which has a smaller land area than the United States, has many such sites, supporting the generally accepted claim that the continent was colonized by humans at least 40.000 years ago. Australia is less densely populated (resulting in lower chances of discovering sites) and with its overall greater aridity would have presented conditions less favorable for hunter-gatherer occupation. Proportionally, at least as much land area has been lost from the coastal regions of Australia because of postglacial sea-level rise as in the United States, so any coastal archaeological record in Australia should have been depleted about as much as a coastal record in the United States. Since there are so many resource-rich rivers leading inland from the United States coastline, it seems implausible that a growing population of humans would have confined itself to coasts for thousands of years. If inhabitants were present 25.000 years ago. the chances of their appearing in the archaeological record would seem to be greater than for Australia.

The author of the passage notes Australia's "smaller land area" in order to

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II cost a certain manufacturer a total of S7.8O0.OO to make and sell 6,500 units of a certain product. If the manufacturer sold each of the 6.500 units for S3.50.
what was the manufacturer's profit per unit of the product?
(Profit is equal to the selling price minus the cost.)