Amazon SAP-C02 Online Practice
Questions and Exam Preparation
SAP-C02 Exam Details
Exam Code
:SAP-C02
Exam Name
:AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional (SAP-C02)
Certification
:Amazon Certifications
Vendor
:Amazon
Total Questions
:874 Q&As
Last Updated
:Jul 12, 2026
Amazon SAP-C02 Online Questions &
Answers
Question 111:
A company is running a traditional web application on Amazon EC2 instances. The company needs to refactor the application as microservices that run on containers. Separate versions of the application exist in two distinct environments: production and testing. Load for the application is variable, but the minimum load and the maximum load are known. A solutions architect needs to design the updated application with a serverless architecture that minimizes operational complexity.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
A. Upload the container images to AWS Lambda as functions. Configure a concurrency limit for the associated Lambda functions to handle the expected peak load. Configure two separate Lambda integrations within Amazon API Gateway: one for production and one for testing. B. Upload the container images to Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR). Configure two auto scaled Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) clusters with the Fargate launch type to handle the expected load. Deploy tasks from the ECR images. Configure two separate Application Load Balancers to direct traffic to the ECS clusters. C. Upload the container images to Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR). Configure two auto scaled Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) clusters with the Fargate launch type to handle the expected load. Deploy tasks from the ECR images. Configure two separate Application Load Balancers to direct traffic to the EKS clusters. D. Upload the container images to AWS Elastic Beanstalk. In Elastic Beanstalk, create separate environments and deployments for production and testing. Configure two separate Application Load Balancers to direct traffic to the Elastic Beanstalk deployments.
B. Upload the container images to Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR). Configure two auto scaled Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS) clusters with the Fargate launch type to handle the expected load. Deploy tasks from the ECR images. Configure two separate Application Load Balancers to direct traffic to the ECS clusters.
Question 112:
A company's public API runs as tasks on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS). The tasks run on AWS Fargate behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and are configured with Service Auto Scaling for the tasks based on CPU utilization. This service has been running well for several months.
Recently, API performance slowed down and made the application unusable. The company discovered that a significant number of SQL injection attacks had occurred against the API and that the API service had scaled to its maximum amount.
A solutions architect needs to implement a solution that prevents SQL injection attacks from reaching the ECS API service. The solution must allow legitimate traffic through and must maximize operational efficiency.
Which solution meets these requirements?
A. Create a new AWS WAF web ACL to monitor the HTTP requests and HTTPS requests that are forwarded to the ALB in front of the ECS tasks. B. Create a new AWS WAF Bot Control implementation. Add a rule in the AWS WAF Bot Control managed rule group to monitor traffic and allow only legitimate traffic to the ALB in front of the ECS tasks. C. Create a new AWS WAF web ACL. Add a new rule that blocks requests that match the SQL database rule group. Set the web ACL to allow all other traffic that does not match those rules. Attach the web ACL to the ALB in front of the ECS tasks. D. Create a new AWS WAF web ACL. Create a new empty IP set in AWS WAF. Add a new rule to the web ACL to block requests that originate from IP addresses in the new IP set. E. Create an AWS Lambda function that scrapes the API logs for IP addresses that send SQL injection attacks, and add those IP addresses to the IP set. Attach the web ACL to the ALB in front of the ECS tasks.
C. Create a new AWS WAF web ACL. Add a new rule that blocks requests that match the SQL database rule group. Set the web ACL to allow all other traffic that does not match those rules. Attach the web ACL to the ALB in front of the ECS tasks.
Explanation
The company should create a new AWS WAF web ACL. The company should add a new rule that blocks requests that match the SQL database rule group. The company should set the web ACL to allow all other traffic that does not match those rules. The company should attach the web ACL to the ALB in front of the ECS tasks. This solution will meet the requirements because AWS WAF is a web application firewall that lets you monitor and control web requests that are forwarded to your web applications. You can use AWS WAF to define customizable web security rules that control which traffic can access your web applications and which traffic should be blocked1. By creating a new AWS WAF web ACL, the company can create a collection of rules that define the conditions for allowing or blocking web requests. By adding a new rule that blocks requests that match the SQL database rule group, the company can prevent SQL injection attacks from reaching the ECS API service. The SQL database rule group is a managed rule group provided by AWS that contains rules to protect against common SQL injection attack patterns2. By setting the web ACL to allow all other traffic that does not match those rules, the company can ensure that legitimate traffic can access the API service. By attaching the web ACL to the ALB in front of the ECS tasks, the company can apply the web security rules to all requests that are forwarded by the load balancer.
The other options are not correct because: Creating a new AWS WAF Bot Control implementation would not prevent SQL injection attacks from reaching the ECS API service. AWS WAF Bot Control is a feature that gives you visibility and control over common and pervasive bot traffic that can consume excess resources, skew metrics, cause downtime, or perform other undesired activities. However, it does not protect against SQL injection attacks, which are malicious attempts to execute unauthorized SQL statements against your database3.
Creating a new AWS WAF web ACL to monitor the HTTP requests and HTTPS requests that are forwarded to the ALB in front of the ECS tasks would not prevent SQL injection attacks from reaching the ECS API service. Monitoring mode is a feature that enables you to evaluate how your rules would perform without actually blocking any requests. However, this mode does not provide any protection against attacks, as it only logs and counts requests that match your rules4. Creating a new AWS WAF web ACL and creating a new empty IP set in AWS WAF would not prevent SQL injection attacks from reaching the ECS API service. An IP set is a feature that enables you to specify a list of IP addresses or CIDR blocks that you want to allow or block based on their source IP address. However, this approach would not be effective or efficient against SQL injection attacks, as it would require constantly updating the IP set with
new IP addresses of attackers, and it would not block attackers who use proxies or VPNs.
A company is serving files to Its customers through an SFTP server that is accessible over the internet.
The SFTP server is running on a single Amazon EC2 instance with an Elastic IP address attached Customers connect to the SFTP server through its Elastic IP address and use SSH (or authentication. The EC2 instance also has an attached security group that allows access from all customer IP addresses.
A solutions architect must implement a solution to improve availability, minimize the complexity of infrastructure management, and minimize the disruption to customers who access files.
The solution must not change the way customers connect.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Disassociate the Elastic IP address from the EC2 instance. Create an Amazon S3 bucket to be used for SFTP file hosting. Create an AWS Transfer Family server Configure the Transfer Family server with a publicly accessible endpoint Associate the SFTP Elastic IP address with the new endpoint Point the Transfer Family server to the S3 bucket. Sync all files from the SFTP server to the S3 bucket. B. Disassociate the Elastic IP address from the EC2 instance. Create an Amazon S3 bucket to be used for SFTP file hosting. Create an AWS Transfer Family server. Configure the Transfer Family server with a VPC-hosted. internet-facing endpoint. Associate the SFTP Elastic IP address with the new endpoint. Attach the security group with customer IP addresses to the new endpoint. Point the Transfer Family server to the S3 bucket Sync all files from the SFTP server to the S3 bucket. C. Disassociate the Elastic IP address from the EC2 instance. Create a new Amazon Elastic File System {Amazon EFS) file system to be used for SFTP file hosting. Create an AWS Fargate task definition to run an SFTP server. Specify the EFS file system as a mount in the task definition. Create a Fargate service by using the task definition, and place a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in front of the service When configuring the service, attach the security group with customer IP addresses to the tasks that run the SFTP server. Associate the Elastic IP address with the NLB. Sync all files from the SFTP server to the S3 bucket. D. Disassociate the Elastic IP address from the EC2 instance. Create a multi-attach Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume to be used for SFTP file hosting. Create a Network Load Balancer (NLB) with the Elastic IP address attached. Create an Auto Scaling group with EC2 instances that run an SFTP server Define in the Auto Scaling group that instances that are launched should attach the new multi-attach EBS volume Configure the Auto Scaling group to automatically add instances behind the NLB Configure the Auto Scaling group to use the security group that allows customer IP addresses for the EC2 instances that the Auto Scaling group launches. Sync all files from the SFTP server to the new multi-attach EBS volume.
B. Disassociate the Elastic IP address from the EC2 instance. Create an Amazon S3 bucket to be used for SFTP file hosting. Create an AWS Transfer Family server. Configure the Transfer Family server with a VPC-hosted. internet-facing endpoint. Associate the SFTP Elastic IP address with the new endpoint. Attach the security group with customer IP addresses to the new endpoint. Point the Transfer Family server to the S3 bucket Sync all files from the SFTP server to the S3 bucket.
A solutions architect is reviewing a company's process for taking snapshots of Amazon RDS DB instances.
The company takes automatic snapshots every day and retains the snapshots for 7 days.
The solutions architect needs to recommend a solution that takes snapshots every 6 hours and retains the snapshots for 30 days. The company uses AWS Organizations to manage all of its AWS accounts. The company needs a consolidated view of the health of the RDS snapshots.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Turn on the cross-account management feature in AWS Backup. Create a backup plan that specifies the frequency and retention requirements. Add a tag to the DB instances. Apply the backup plan by using tags. Use AWS Backup to monitor the status of the backups. B. Turn on the cross-account management feature in Amazon RDS. Create a snapshot global policy that specifies the frequency and retention requirements. Use the RDS console in the management account to monitor the status of the backups. C. Turn on the cross-account management feature in AWS CloudFormation. From the management account, deploy a CloudFormation stack set that contains a backup plan from AWS Backup that specifies the frequency and retention requirements. Create an AWS Lambda function in the management account to monitor the status of the backups. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule in each account to run the Lambda function on a schedule. D. Configure AWS Backup in each account. Create an Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager lifecycle policy that specifies the frequency and retention requirements. Specify the DB instances as the target resource. Use the Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager console in each member account to monitor the status of the backups.
A. Turn on the cross-account management feature in AWS Backup. Create a backup plan that specifies the frequency and retention requirements. Add a tag to the DB instances. Apply the backup plan by using tags. Use AWS Backup to monitor the status of the backups.
Explanation
Turning on the cross-account management feature in AWS Backup will enable managing and monitoring backups across multiple AWS accounts that belong to the same organization in AWS Organizations1.
Creating a backup plan that specifies the frequency and retention requirements will enable taking snapshots every 6 hours and retaining them for 30 days2. Adding a tag to the DB instances will enable applying the backup plan by using tags2. Using AWS Backup to monitor the status of the backups will enable having a consolidated view of the health of the RDS snapshots1.
Question 115:
A company runs an application on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances that are in private subnets behind an internet-facing Application Load Balancer (ALB). The ALB is the origin for an Amazon CloudFront distribution. An AWS WAF web ACL that contains various AWS managed rules is associated with the CloudFront distribution.
The company needs a solution that will prevent internet traffic from directly accessing the ALB.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Create a new web ACL that contains the same rules that the existing web ACL contains. Associate the new web ACL with the ALB. B. Associate the existing web ACL with the ALB. C. Add a security group rule to the ALB to allow traffic from the AWS managed prefix list for CloudFront only. D. Add a security group rule to the ALB to allow only the various CloudFront IP address ranges.
C. Add a security group rule to the ALB to allow traffic from the AWS managed prefix list for CloudFront only.
A company is migrating an application to AWS. It wants to use fully managed services as much as possible during the migration. The company needs to store large, important documents within the application with the following requirements:
1. The data must be highly durable and available.
2. The data must always be encrypted at rest and in transit.
3. The encryption key must be managed by the company and rotated periodically.
Which of the following solutions should the solutions architect recommend?
A. Deploy the storage gateway to AWS in file gateway mode. Use Amazon EBS volume encryption using an AWS KMS key to encrypt the storage gateway volumes. B. Use Amazon S3 with a bucket policy to enforce HTTPS for connections to the bucket and to enforce server-side encryption and AWS KMS for object encryption. C. Use Amazon DynamoDB with SSL to connect to DynamoDB. Use an AWS KMS key to encrypt DynamoDB objects at rest. D. Deploy instances with Amazon EBS volumes attached to store this data. Use E8S volume encryption using an AWS KMS key to encrypt the data.
B. Use Amazon S3 with a bucket policy to enforce HTTPS for connections to the bucket and to enforce server-side encryption and AWS KMS for object encryption.
Explanation
Use Amazon S3 with a bucket policy to enforce HTTPS for connections to the bucket and to enforce server-side encryption and AWS KMS for object encryption.
Question 117:
A fitness tracking company serves users around the world, with its primary markets in North America and Asia. The company needs to design an infrastructure for its read-heavy user authorization application with the following requirements:
1. Be resilient to problems with the application in any Region.
2. Write to a database in a single Region.
3. Read from multiple Regions.
4. Support resiliency across application tiers in each Region.
5. Support the relational database semantics reflected in the application.
Which combination of steps should a solutions architect take? (Select TWO.)
A. Use an Amazon Route 53 geoproximity routing policy combined with a multivalue answer routing policy. B. Deploy web. application, and MySQL database servers to Amazon EC2 instances in each Region. Set up the application so that reads and writes are local to the Region. Create snapshots of the web, application, and database servers and store the snapshots in an Amazon S3 bucket in both Regions. Set up cross-Region replication for the database layer. C. Use an Amazon Route 53 geolocation routing policy combined with a failover routing policy. D. Set up web, application, and Amazon RDS for MySQL instances in each Region. Set up the application so that reads are local and writes are partitioned based on the user. Set up a Multi-AZ failover for the web, application, and database servers. Set up cross-Region replication for the database layer. E. Set up active-active web and application servers in each Region. Deploy an Amazon Aurora global database with clusters in each Region. Set up the application to use the in-Region Aurora database endpoints. Create snapshots of the web and application servers and store them in an Amazon S3 bucket in both Regions.
C. Use an Amazon Route 53 geolocation routing policy combined with a failover routing policy. E. Set up active-active web and application servers in each Region. Deploy an Amazon Aurora global database with clusters in each Region. Set up the application to use the in-Region Aurora database endpoints. Create snapshots of the web and application servers and store them in an Amazon S3 bucket in both Regions.
A company deploys an AI agent on Amazon Bedrock AgentCore Runtime. The agent processes customer requests. Some agent actions are classified as high risk and must receive human approval before proceeding. The workflow must pause the agent, notify a human approver, and resume or cancel the action based on the approver ' s decision. Approvals typically take between 5 minutes and 60 minutes.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Configure the agent to write high-risk action requests to an Amazon SQS queue. Create a separate polling application that reads the queue and sends approval email messages by using Amazon SES. Configure the application to invoke the agent by providing the approval result. B. Configure an AWS Step Functions workflow that invokes the agent. Use a task token callback pattern to pause the workflow when the agent identifies a high-risk action. Send the task token to an approver by using Amazon SNS. Resume or cancel the workflow when the approver responds with the task token. C. Configure the agent to invoke an AWS Lambda function for high-risk actions. Configure the Lambda function to send an approval email message by using Amazon SNS. Configure the Lambda function to poll an Amazon DynamoDB table until the approver updates the approval status. D. Configure an Amazon EventBridge rule that intercepts all agent actions. Route high-risk actions to a separate approval queue. Create a second agent that monitors the queue and automatically approves or rejects actions without human input based on predefined rules.
B. Configure an AWS Step Functions workflow that invokes the agent. Use a task token callback pattern to pause the workflow when the agent identifies a high-risk action. Send the task token to an approver by using Amazon SNS. Resume or cancel the workflow when the approver responds with the task token.
Explanation
Option B is correct because high-risk agent actions require a durable pause, human approval, and a controlled resume or cancellation path. Step Functions callback with task token is the cleanest pattern for this requirement. The workflow can stop progressing while waiting for approval without running compute continuously, and the task token uniquely correlates the pending approval response to the correct workflow execution. AWS documentation states that callback tasks pause a workflow until the task token is returned and that this pattern is suitable for human approvals and third-party integrations.
Option A requires a custom polling application.
Option C wastes compute by polling DynamoDB.
Option D violates the requirement for human approval because a second agent automatically approves or rejects actions.
Question 119:
A company provides a centralized Amazon EC2 application hosted in a single shared VPC. The centralized application must be accessible from client applications running in the VPCs of other business units. The centralized application front end is configured with a Network Load Balancer (NLB) for scalability.
Up to 10 business unit VPCs will need to be connected to the shared VPC. Some of the business unit VPC CIDR blocks overlap with the shared VPC. and some overlap with each other. Network connectivity to the centralized application in the shared VPC should be allowed from authorized business unit VPCs only.
Which network configuration should a solutions architect use to provide connectivity from the client applications in the business unit VPCs to the centralized application in the shared VPC?
A. Create an AW5 Transit Gateway. Attach the shared VPC and the authorized business unit VPCs to the transit gateway. Create a single transit gateway route table and associate it with all of the attached VPCs. Allow automatic propagation of routes from the attachments into the route table. Configure VPC routing tables to send traffic to the transit gateway. B. Create a VPC endpoint service using the centralized application NLB and enable (he option to require endpoint acceptance. Create a VPC endpoint in each of the business unit VPCs using the service name of the endpoint service. Accept authorized endpoint requests from the endpoint service console. C. Create a VPC peering connection from each business unit VPC to Ihe shared VPC. Accept the VPC peering connections from the shared VPC console. Configure VPC routing tables to send traffic to the VPC peering connection. D. Configure a virtual private gateway for the shared VPC and create customer gateways for each of the authorized business unit VPCs. Establish a Sile-to-Site VPN connection from the business unit VPCs to the shared VPC. Configure VPC routing tables to send traffic to the VPN connection.
B. Create a VPC endpoint service using the centralized application NLB and enable (he option to require endpoint acceptance. Create a VPC endpoint in each of the business unit VPCs using the service name of the endpoint service. Accept authorized endpoint requests from the endpoint service console.
Explanation
Amazon Transit Gateway doesn't support routing between Amazon VPCs with overlapping CIDRs. If you attach a new Amazon VPC that has a CIDR which overlaps with an already attached Amazon VPC, Amazon Transit Gateway will not propagate the new Amazon VPC route into the Amazon Transit Gateway route table.
A solutions architect needs to assess a newly acquired company's portfolio of applications and databases.
The solutions architect must create a business case to migrate the portfolio to AWS. The newly acquired company runs applications in an on-premises data center. The data center is not well documented. The solutions architect cannot immediately determine how many applications and databases exist. Traffic for the applications is variable. Some applications are batch processes that run at the end of each month.
The solutions architect must gain a better understanding of the portfolio before a migration to AWS can begin.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Use AWS Server Migration Service (AWS SMS) and AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to evaluate migration. Use AWS Service Catalog to understand application and database dependencies. B. Use AWS Application Migration Service. Run agents on the on-premises infrastructure. Manage the agents by using AWS Migration Hub. Use AWS Storage Gateway to assess local storage needs and database dependencies. C. Use Migration Evaluator to generate a list of servers. Build a report for a business case. Use AWS Migration Hub to view the portfolio. Use AWS Application Discovery Service to gain an understanding of application dependencies. D. Use AWS Control Tower in the destination account to generate an application portfolio. Use AWS Server Migration Service (AWS SMS) to generate deeper reports and a business case. Use a landing zone for core accounts and resources.
C. Use Migration Evaluator to generate a list of servers. Build a report for a business case. Use AWS Migration Hub to view the portfolio. Use AWS Application Discovery Service to gain an understanding of application dependencies.
Explanation
The company should use Migration Evaluator to generate a list of servers and build a report for a business case. The company should use AWS Migration Hub to view the portfolio and use AWS Application Discovery Service to gain an understanding of application dependencies. This solution will meet the requirements because Migration Evaluator is a migration assessment service that helps create a data-driven business case for AWS cloud planning and migration. Migration Evaluator provides a clear baseline of what the company is running today and projects AWS costs based on measured on-premises provisioning and utilization1. Migration Evaluator can use an agentless collector to conduct broad-based discovery or securely upload exports from existing inventory tools2 . Migration Evaluator integrates with AWS Migration Hub, which is a service that provides a single location to track the progress of application migrations across multiple AWS and partner solutions3. Migration Hub also supports AWS Application Discovery Service, which is a service that helps systems integrators quickly and reliably plan application migration projects by automatically identifying applications running in on-premises data centers, their associated dependencies, and their performance profile4.
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