A firewall administrator observes log entries of traffic being allowed to a web server on port 80 and port 443. The policy for this server is to only allow traffic on port 443. The firewall administrator needs to investigate how this change occurred to prevent a reoccurrence. Which of the following should the firewall administrator do next?
A. Consult the firewall audit logs.
B. Change the policy to allow port 80.
C. Remove the server object from the firewall policy.
D. Check the network baseline.
Correct Answer: A
Firewall audit logs are records of the changes made to the firewall configuration, policies, and rules. They can help the firewall administrator to track who, when, and what changes were made to the firewall, and identify any unauthorized or erroneous modifications that could cause security issues or network outages. By consulting the firewall audit logs, the firewall administrator can investigate how the change that allowed traffic on port 80 to the web server occurred, and prevent it from happening again
Question 332:
Which of the following is the DNS feature that controls how long a lookup is stored in cache on a server?
A. CNAME
B. TTL
C. SOA
D. SRV
Correct Answer: B
TTL stands for Time to Live, and it is a field on DNS records that controls how long each record is valid and cached by the DNS resolver before it expires and requests a new one. The TTL value is measured in seconds, and it affects how quickly DNS changes propagate across the Internet. A lower TTL means that the DNS resolver will refresh the record more frequently, but it also increases the load on the DNS servers. A higher TTL means that the DNS resolver will cache the record longer, but it also delays the update of the record.
Question 333:
Which of the following policies outlines the software and hardware requirements for using personally owned devices to conduct business?
A. DLP
B. AUP
C. BYOD
D. NDA
Correct Answer: C
The policy that outlines the software and hardware requirements for using personally owned devices to conduct business is BYOD (Bring Your Own Device). BYOD is a practice that allows employees to use their own devices, such as laptops, tablets, or smartphones, to access corporate resources and applications. BYOD can offer benefits such as increased productivity, flexibility, and satisfaction for employees, as well as reduced costs for employers. However, BYOD also poses challenges and risks, such as security, compatibility, and support issues. Therefore, a BYOD policy is needed to define the rules and expectations for using personal devices in a business environment. A BYOD policy typically covers topics such as device eligibility, security requirements, acceptable use, data ownership, privacy, and liability.
Question 334:
Which of the following routing technologies uses a successor and a feasible successor?
A. IS-IS
B. OSPF
C. BGP
D. EIGRP
Correct Answer: D
EIGRP stands for Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, which is a hybrid routing protocol that uses a successor and a feasible successor to determine the best route to a destination. A successor is the next-hop router that has the lowest cost (or metric) to reach the destination, and a feasible successor is a backup router that has a cost that is less than the cost of the successor. EIGRP uses the successor and the feasible successor to achieve fast convergence and load balancing. EIGRP also uses a Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) to maintain the routing table and avoid routing loops. IS-IS, OSPF, and BGP are other routing protocols that do not use a successor and a feasible successor, but rather use different algorithms and criteria to select the best route.
Question 335:
Which of the following indicates a computer has reached end-of-support?
A. The computer does not have any users.
B. The antivirus protection is expired.
C. The operating system license is expired.
D. No more patches or bug fixes are available indefinitely.
Correct Answer: D
No more patches or bug fixes are available indefinitely. This indicates that a computer has reached end-of-support, which means that the manufacturer or vendor of the hardware or software no longer provides technical assistance, updates, or security fixes for the product12. This can expose the computer to potential security risks and compatibility issues with newer technologies
Question 336:
Users in a remote office report that corporate web server pages are taking a long time to load, whereas users in the main corporate office do not have any issues. Which of the following is the best metric for a network administrator to check?
A. Jitter across the network
B. Hop-by-hop network latency
C. Server interface CRC errors
D. Server NetFlow data
Correct Answer: B
The best metric for a network administrator to check is hop-by-hop network latency. This is because network latency is the time it takes for a packet to travel from the source to the destination, and it affects the loading speed of web pages. Hop-by-hop network latency measures the latency between each pair of routers or switches along the network path, and it can help identify where the delay is occurring. By checking the hop-by- hop network latency, the network administrator can determine if the problem is caused by a slow or congested link, a misconfigured or faulty device, or a routing issue. Jitter is the variation in latency over time, and it affects the quality of voice and video applications. Jitter does not directly affect the loading speed of web pages, and it is not a useful metric for troubleshooting this issue. Server interface CRC errors are errors that occur when the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of a packet does not match the expected value, indicating data corruption. Server interface CRC errors can affect the reliability and integrity of data transmission, and they can be caused by faulty cables, connectors, or interfaces. Server interface CRC errors do not necessarily affect the loading speed of web pages, unless they are severe enough to cause retransmissions or packet loss. Server NetFlow data is data that is collected and analyzed by the NetFlow protocol, which monitors and reports on network traffic flows. Server NetFlow data can provide information on the volume, type, and direction of traffic that is sent or received by the server, as well as the source and destination IP addresses, ports, and protocols. Server NetFlow data can help identify network usage patterns, trends, and anomalies, but it does not measure the latency or performance of the network.
Question 337:
A security analyst found the following vulnerability on the company's website:
Which of the following should be implemented to prevent this type of attack in the future?
A. Input sanitization
B. Output encoding
C. Code obfuscation
D. Prepared statements
Correct Answer: A
Input sanitization is the process of validating and filtering the user input to prevent malicious code or commands from being executed on the web server or the web browser. Input sanitization can prevent this type of attack, which is called cross-site scripting (XSS), by removing or escaping any special characters or scripts that are not expected or allowed in the input field. Input sanitization can be implemented on the server-side or the client- side, or both, to enhance the security of the web application.
Question 338:
To find the best subnet mask that meets the requirement of six usable IP addresses, we need to calculate the number of host bits and the number of host addresses for each option. The number of host bits is the number of 0s in the binary representation of the subnet mask, and the number of host addresses is 2^host bits - 2 (the -2 is to exclude the network address and the broadcast address). The option that has the smallest number of host addresses that is greater than or equal to six is the best choice. Here are the calculations for each option:
A. 255.255.255.128 Binary: 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000 Host bits: 7 Host addresses: 2^7 - 2 = 126 - 2 = 124 This option has too many host addresses for the requirement.
B. 255.255.255.192 Binary: 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000 Host bits: 6 Host addresses: 2^6 - 2 = 64 - 2 = 62 This option also has too many host addresses for the requirement.
C. 255.255.255.224 Binary: 11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000 Host bits: 5 Host addresses: 2^5 - 2 = 32 - 2 = 30 This option has the smallest number of host addresses that is greater than or equal to six, so this is the best choice.
D. 255.255.255.240 Binary: 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000 Host bits: 4 Host addresses: 2^4 - 2 = 16 - 2 = 14 This option has fewer host addresses than the requirement, so this is not a valid choice.
Correct Answer: C
This subnet mask will allow you to have six usable IP addresses in each subnet, with a minimum of wasted addresses. You can use the following formula to calculate the number of subnets and the subnet ID for each subnet:
Number of subnets = 2^network bits Subnet ID = (subnet number - 1) x number of host addresses + network address
The network bits are the number of 1s in the binary representation of the subnet mask, and the network address is the first address in the range. For example, if your range is 192.168.1.0/27, then the network bits are 27, the network address
is 192.168.1.0, and the number of host addresses is 30. Therefore, the number of subnets is 2^27, and the subnet ID for the first subnet is (1 - 1) x 30 + 192.168.1.0 = 192.168.1.0. The subnet ID for the second subnet is (2 - 1) x 30 +
192.168.1.0 = 192.168.1.32, and so on.
Question 339:
A security engineer wants to provide a secure, dedicated, alternate access method into an IT network infrastructure to administer connected devices and IT assets. Which of the following is the engineer most likely to implement?
A. Remote desktop gateway
B. Authentication and authorization controls
C. Out-of-band management
D. Secure Shell
Correct Answer: C
Out-of-band management is a method of accessing network devices and IT assets through a dedicated channel that is separate from the normal data traffic. This provides a secure and alternate way to administer the network infrastructure, especially in case of failures or emergencies. Remote desktop gateway is a service that allows remote access to desktops and applications on a network. Authentication and authorization controls are mechanisms that verify the identity and permissions of users and devices on a network. Secure Shell is a protocol that encrypts the communication between a client and a server on a network.
Question 340:
Which of the following is the first step a network administrator should take in the troubleshooting methodology?
A. Establish a plan of action.
B. Document findings and outcomes.
C. Test the theory to determine cause.
D. Identify the problem.
Correct Answer: D
According to the network troubleshooting methodology, the first step a network administrator should take is to identify the problem. This involves gathering information from the users, the network devices, and the symptoms of the issue.
Identifying the problem helps to narrow down the scope and the possible causes of the network issue.
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