ISO-IEC-27001-LEAD-IMPLEMENTER Real Exam Questions and Verified

Question 1 Single choice

Scenario 4: TradeB. a commercial bank that has just entered the market, accepts deposits from its clients and offers basic financial services and loans for investments. TradeB has decided to implement an information security management system (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001 Having no experience of a management [^system implementation, TradeB's top management contracted two experts to direct and manage the ISMS implementation project.

First, the project team analyzed the 93 controls of ISO/IEC 27001 Annex A and listed only the security controls deemed applicable to the company and their objectives Based on this analysis, they drafted the Statement of Applicability. Afterward, they conducted a risk assessment, during which they identified assets, such as hardware, software, and networks, as well as threats and vulnerabilities, assessed potential consequences and likelihood, and determined the level of risks based on three nonnumerical categories (low, medium, and high). They evaluated the risks based on the risk evaluation criteria and decided to treat only the high risk category.
They also decided to focus primarily on the unauthorized use of administrator rights and system interruptions due to several hardware failures by establishing a new version of the access control policy, implementing controls to manage and control user access, and implementing a control for ICT readiness for business continuity Lastly, they drafted a risk assessment report, in which they wrote that if after the implementation of these security controls the level of risk is below the acceptable level, the risks will be accepted

Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:

The decision to treat only risks that were classified as high indicates that Trade B has:

A
Evaluated other risk categories based on risk treatment criteria
B
Accepted other risk categories based on risk acceptance criteria
C
Modified other risk categories based on risk evaluation criteria

Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: B

Explanation

Explanation: According to ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022, risk acceptance criteria are the criteria used to decide whether a risk can be accepted or not 1. Risk acceptance criteria are often based on a maximum level of acceptable risks, on cost-benefits considerations, or on consequences for the organization 2. In the scenario, TradeB decided to treat only the high risk category, which implies that

Question 2 Single choice

A small organization that is implementing an ISMS based on ISO/lEC 27001 has decided to outsource the internal audit function to a third party.
Is this acceptable?

A
Yes, outsourcing the internal audit function to a third party is often a better option for small organizations to demonstrate independence and impartiality
B
No, the organizations cannot outsource the internal audit function to a third party because during internal audit, the organization audits its own system
C
No, the outsourcing of the internal audit function may compromise the independence and impartiality of the internal audit team

Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: A

Explanation

Explanation: According to the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 standard, an internal audit is an audit conducted by the organization itself to evaluate the conformity and effectiveness of its information security management system (ISMS). The standard requires that the internal audit should be performed by auditors who are objective and impartial, meaning that they should not have any personal or professional interest or bias that could influence their judgment or compromise their integrity. The standard also allows the organization to outsource the internal audit function to a third party, as long as the criteria of objectivity and impartiality are met.
Outsourcing the internal audit function to a third party can be a better option for small organizations that may not have enough resources, skills, or experience to perform an internal audit by themselves. By hiring an external auditor, the organization can benefit from the following advantages: The external auditor can provide a fresh and independent perspective on the organization's ISMS, identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that may not be apparent to the internal staff.
The external auditor can bring in specialized knowledge, expertise, and best practices from other organizations and industries, helping the organization to improve its ISMS and achieve its objectives.
The external auditor can reduce the risk of conflict of interest, bias, or influence that may arise when the internal staff audit their own work or the work of their colleagues.
The external auditor can save the organization time and money by conducting the internal audit more efficiently and effectively, avoiding duplication of work or unnecessary delays.
Therefore, outsourcing the internal audit function to a third party is acceptable and often preferable for small organizations that are implementing an ISMS based on ISO/IEC 27001.
References:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Information technology -- Security techniques -- Information security management
systems -- Requirements, Clause 9.2, Internal audit
ISO/IEC 27007:2023, Information technology -- Security techniques -- Guidelines for information security
management systems auditing PECB, ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 12, Internal audit
A Complete Guide to an ISO 27001 Internal Audit - Sprinto

Question 3 Single choice

Which option below should be addressed in an information security policy?

A
Actions to be performed after an information security incident
B
Legal and regulatory obligations imposed upon the organization
C
The complexity of information security processes and their interactions

Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: B

Explanation

Explanation: According to the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 standard, an information security policy is a high-level document that defines the management approach and objectives for information security within the organization. It should include, among other things, the legal and regulatory obligations imposed upon the organization, such as compliance with laws, contracts, agreements, and standards that are relevant to

information security. The information security policy should also provide the basis for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and continually improving the information security management system (ISMS).
References:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Clause 5.2 Policy
ISO/IEC 27002:2022, Clause 5.1 Policies for information security PECB
ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 3: Information Security Management System (ISMS)

Question 4 Single choice

Scenario 1: HealthGenic is a pediatric clinic that monitors the health and growth of individuals from infancy to early adulthood using a web-based medical software. The software is also used to schedule appointments, create customized medical reports, store patients' data and medical history, and communicate with all the [^involved parties, including parents, other physicians, and the medical laboratory staff.

Last month, HealthGenic experienced a number of service interruptions due to the increased number of users accessing the software Another issue the company faced while using the software was the complicated user interface, which the untrained personnel found challenging to use.

The top management of HealthGenic immediately informed the company that had developed the software
about the issue. The software company fixed the issue; however, in the process of doing so, it modified
some files that comprised sensitive information related to HealthGenic's patients. The modifications that were made resulted in incomplete and incorrect medical reports and, more importantly, invaded the patients' privacy.

Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:

Which of the following indicates that the confidentiality of information was compromised?

A
Service interruptions due to the increased number of users
B
Invasion of patients' privacy
C
Modification of patients' medical reports

Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: B

Explanation

Explanation: Confidentiality of information is the property that information is not made available or disclosed to unauthorized individuals, entities, or processes. In other words, confidentiality ensures that only those who are authorized to access the information can do so. In the scenario, the confidentiality of information was compromised when the software company modified some files that contained sensitive information related to HealthGenic's patients. This modification resulted in the invasion of patients' privacy, which means that their personal and medical information was exposed to unauthorized parties. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
References:
: ISO/IEC 27001:2013, Information technology -- Security techniques -- Information security
management systems -- Requirements, clause 3.14.

Question 5 Single choice

Scenario 9: OpenTech provides IT and communications services. It helps data communication enterprises and network operators become multi-service providers During an internal audit, its internal auditor, Tim, has identified nonconformities related to the monitoring procedures He identified and evaluated several system Invulnerabilities.

Tim found out that user IDs for systems and services that process sensitive information have been reused and the access control policy has not been followed After analyzing the root causes of this nonconformity, the ISMS project manager developed a list of possible actions to resolve the nonconformity. Then, the ISMS project manager analyzed the list and selected the activities that would allow the elimination of the root cause and the prevention of a similar situation in the future. These activities were included in an action plan The action plan, approved by the top management, was written as follows:

A new version of the access control policy will be established and new restrictions will be created to ensure that network access is effectively managed and monitored by the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Department

The approved action plan was implemented and all actions described in the plan were documented.

Based on scenario 9, OpenTech has taken all the actions needed, except____________.

A
Corrective actions
B
Preventive actions
C
Permanent corrections

Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: B

Explanation

Explanation: According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 10.1, corrective actions are actions taken to eliminate the root causes of nonconformities and prevent their recurrence, while preventive actions are actions taken to eliminate the root causes of potential nonconformities and prevent their occurrence. In scenario 9, OpenTech has taken corrective actions to address the nonconformity related to the monitoring procedures, but not preventive actions to avoid similar nonconformities in the future. For example, OpenTech could have taken preventive actions such as conducting regular reviews of the access control policy, providing training and awareness to the staff on the policy, or implementing automated controls to
prevent user ID reuse.
References:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Information technology -- Security techniques -- Information security management
systems -- Requirements, clause 10.1 PECB, ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Implementer Course, Module 8:
Performance evaluation, improvement and certification audit of an ISMS, slide 8.3.1.1

Question 6 Single choice

Scenario 2: Beauty is a cosmetics company that has recently switched to an e-commerce model, leaving the traditional retail. The top management has decided to build their own custom platform in-house and outsource the payment process to an external provider operating online payments systems that support online money transfers.

Due to this transformation of the business model, a number of security controls were implemented based on the identified threats and vulnerabilities associated to critical assets. To protect customers' information.
Beauty's employees had to sign a confidentiality agreement. In addition, the company reviewed all user access rights so that only authorized personnel can have access to sensitive files and drafted a new segregation of duties chart.

However, the transition was difficult for the IT team, who had to deal with a security incident not long after transitioning to the e commerce model. After investigating the incident, the team concluded that due to the out-of-date anti-malware software, an attacker gamed access to their files and exposed customers' information, including their names and home addresses.
The IT team decided to stop using the old anti-malware software and install a new one which would automatically remove malicious code in case of similar incidents. The new software was installed in every workstation within the company. After installing the new software, the team updated it with the latest malware definitions and enabled the automatic update feature to keep it up to date at all times.
Additionally, they established an authentication process that requires a user identification and password

when accessing sensitive information.

In addition, Beauty conducted a number of information security awareness sessions for the IT team and other employees that have access to confidential information in order to raise awareness on the importance of system and network security.

Based on scenario 2, Beauty should have implemented (1)_____________________________ to detect
(2)_________________________.

A
(1) An access control software, (2) patches
B
(1) Network intrusions, (2) technical vulnerabilities
C
(1) An intrusion detection system, (2) intrusions on networks

Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: C

Explanation

Explanation: An intrusion detection system (IDS) is a device or software application that monitors network activities, looking for malicious behaviors or policy violations, and reports their findings to a management station. An IDS can help an organization to detect intrusions on networks, which are unauthorized attempts to access, manipulate, or harm network resources or data. In the scenario, Beauty should have implemented an IDS to detect intrusions on networks, such as the one that exposed customers' information due to the out-of-date anti-malware software. An IDS could have alerted the IT team about the suspicious network activity and helped them to respond faster and more effectively.
Therefore, the correct answer is C.
References:
ISO/IEC 27001:2013, Information technology -- Security techniques -- Information security
management systems -- Requirements, clause 3.14
ISO/IEC 27039:2015, Information technology --
Security techniques -- Selection, deployment and operations of intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS), clause 4.1.

Question 7 Single choice

An organization has adopted a new authentication method to ensure secure access to sensitive areas and facilities of the company. It requires every employee to use a two-factor authentication (password and QR code). This control has been documented, standardized, and communicated to all employees, however its use has been "left to individual initiative, and it is likely that failures can be detected.

Which level of maturity does this control refer to?

A
Optimized
B
Defined
C
Quantitatively managed

Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: B

Explanation

Explanation: According to the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer objectives and content, the maturity levels of information security controls are based on the ISO/IEC 15504 standard, which defines five levels of process capability: incomplete, performed, managed, established, and optimized 1. Each level has a set of attributes that describe the characteristics of the process at that level. The level of defined corresponds to the attribute of process performance, which means that the process achieves its expected outcomes 2.
In this case, the control of two-factor authentication has been documented, standardized, and communicated, which implies that it has a clear purpose and expected outcomes. However, the control is not consistently implemented, monitored, or measured, which means that it does not meet the attributes of the higher levels of managed, established, or optimized. Therefore, the control is at the level of defined, which is the second level of maturity.
References:
1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer Course Brochure, page 5
2: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Implementer Course Presentation, slide 25

Question 8 Single choice

Which of the following statements regarding information security risk is NOT correct?

A
Information security risk is associated with the potential that the vulnerabilities of an information asset may be exploited by threats
B
Information security risk cannot be accepted without being treated or during the process of risk treatment
C
Information security risk can be expressed as the effect of uncertainty on information security objectives

Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: B

Explanation

Explanation: According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, information security risk can be accepted as one of the four possible options for risk treatment, along with avoiding, modifying, or sharing the risk 12. Risk acceptance means that the organization decides to tolerate the level of risk without taking any further action to reduce it3. Risk acceptance can be done before, during, or after the risk treatment process, depending on the organization's risk criteria and the residual risk level 4.
References:
1: ISO 27001 Risk Assessments | IT Governance UK
2: ISO 27001 Risk Assessment: 7 Step
Guide - IT Governance UK Blog 3: ISO 27001 Clause 6.1.2 Information security risk assessment process
4: ISO 27001 Risk Assessment & Risk Treatment: The Complete Guide - Advisera

Question 9 Single choice

Scenario 5: Operaze is a small software development company that develops applications for various companies around the world. Recently, the company conducted a risk assessment to assess the information security risks that could arise from operating in a digital landscape. Using different testing methods, including penetration Resting and code review, the company identified some issues in its ICT systems, including improper user permissions, misconfigured security settings, and insecure network configurations. To resolve these issues and enhance information security, Operaze decided to implement an information security management system (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001.

Considering that Operaze is a small company, the entire IT team was involved in the ISMS implementation project. Initially, the company analyzed the business requirements and the internal and external environment, identified its key processes and activities, and identified and analyzed the interested parties
In addition, the top management of Operaze decided to Include most of the company's departments within the ISMS scope. The defined scope included the organizational and physical boundaries. The IT team drafted an information security policy and communicated it to all relevant interested parties In addition, other specific policies were developed to elaborate on security issues and the roles and responsibilities were assigned to all interested parties.

Following that, the HR manager claimed that the paperwork created by ISMS does not justify its value and the implementation of the ISMS should be canceled.
However, the top management determined that this claim was invalid and organized an awareness session to explain the benefits of the ISMS to all interested parties.

Operaze decided to migrate Its physical servers to their virtual servers on third-party infrastructure. The new cloud computing solution brought additional changes to the company Operaze's top management, on the other hand, aimed to not only implement an effective ISMS but also ensure the smooth running of the ISMS operations. In this situation, Operaze's top management concluded that the services of external experts were required to implement their information security strategies. The IT team, on the other hand, decided to initiate a change in the ISMS scope and implemented the required modifications to the processes of the company.

What is the next step that Operaze's ISMS implementation team should take after drafting the information security policy? Refer to scenario 5.

A
Implement the information security policy
B
Obtain top management's approval for the information security policy
C
Communicate the information security policy to all employees

Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: B

Explanation

Explanation: According to ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer, the information security policy is a high-level document that defines the organization's objectives, principles, and commitments regarding information security. The policy should be aligned with the organization's strategic direction and context, and should provide a framework for setting information security objectives and establishing the ISMS. The policy should also be approved by top management, who are ultimately responsible for the ISMS and its performance. Therefore, after drafting the information security policy, the next step that Operaze's ISMS implementation team should take is to obtain top management's approval for the policy. This will ensure that the policy is consistent with the organization's vision and values, and that it has the necessary support

and resources for its implementation and maintenance.
References:
ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer Study guide and documents, section 5.2 Policy
ISO/IEC 27001 : 2022 Lead Implementer Info Kit, page 12, Information security policy

Question 10 Single choice

An organization uses Platform as a Services (PaaS) to host its cloud-based services As such, the cloud provider manages most off the services to the organization. However, the organization still

manages____________________

A
Operating system and visualization
B
Servers and storage
C
Application and data

Show answer and explanation

Correct answer: C