Amazon Amazon Certifications DOP-C02 Questions & Answers

• Question 211:

  A company has multiple development groups working in a single shared AWS account. The Senior Manager of the groups wants to be alerted via a third-party API call when the creation of resources approaches the service limits for the account.

  Which solution will accomplish this with the LEAST amount of development effort?

  A. Create an Amazon CloudWatch Event rule that runs periodically and targets an AWS Lambda function. Within the Lambda function, evaluate the current state of the AWS environment and compare deployed resource values to resource limits on the account. Notify the Senior Manager if the account is approaching a service limit.

  B. Deploy an AWS Lambda function that refreshes AWS Trusted Advisor checks, and configure an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule to run the Lambda function periodically. Create another CloudWatch Events rule with an event pattern matching Trusted Advisor events and a target Lambda function. In the target Lambda function, notify the Senior Manager.

  C. Deploy an AWS Lambda function that refreshes AWS Personal Health Dashboard checks, and configure an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule to run the Lambda function periodically. Create another CloudWatch Events rule with an event pattern matching Personal Health Dashboard events and a target Lambda function. In the target Lambda function, notify the Senior Manager.

  D. Add an AWS Config custom rule that runs periodically, checks the AWS service limit status, and streams notifications to an Amazon SNS topic. Deploy an AWS Lambda function that notifies the Senior Manager, and subscribe the Lambda function to the SNS topic.

  Correct Answer: B

  To meet the requirements, the company needs to create a solution that alerts the Senior Manager when the creation of resources approaches the service limits for the account with the least amount of development effort. The company can use AWS Trusted Advisor, which is a service that provides best practice recommendations for cost optimization, performance, security, and service limits. The company can deploy an AWS Lambda function that refreshes Trusted Advisor checks, and configure an Amazon CloudWatch Events rule to run the Lambda function periodically. This will ensure that Trusted Advisor checks are up to date and reflect the current state of the account. The company can then create another CloudWatch Events rule with an event pattern matching Trusted Advisor events and a target Lambda function. The event pattern can filter for events related to service limit checks and their status. The target Lambda function can notify the Senior Manager via a third-party API call if the event indicates that the account is approaching or exceeding a service limit.

• Question 212:

  A DevOps engineer is building a continuous deployment pipeline for a serverless application that uses AWS Lambda functions. The company wants to reduce the customer impact of an unsuccessful deployment. The company also wants to monitor for issues.

  Which deploy stage configuration will meet these requirements?

  A. Use an AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM) template to define the serverless application. Use AWS CodeDeploy to deploy the Lambda functions with the Canary10Percent15Minutes Deployment Preference Type. Use Amazon CloudWatch alarms to monitor the health of the functions

  B. Use AWS CloudFormation to publish a new stack update, and include Amazon CloudWatch alarms on all resources. Set up an AWS CodePipeline approval action for a developer to verify and approve the AWS CloudFormation change set.

  C. Use AWS CloudFormation to publish a new version on every stack update, and include Amazon CloudWatch alarms on all resources. Use the RoutingConfig property of the AWS::Lambda::Alias resource to update the traffic routing during the stack update.

  D. Use AWS CodeBuild to add sample event payloads for testing to the Lambda functions. Publish a new version of the functions, and include Amazon CloudWatch alarms. Update the production alias to point to the new version. Configure rollbacks to occur when an alarm is in the ALARM state.

  Correct Answer: A

• Question 213:

  A company recently migrated its legacy application from on-premises to AWS. The application is hosted on Amazon EC2 instances behind an Application Load Balancer which is behind Amazon API Gateway. The company wants to ensure users experience minimal disruptions during any deployment of a new version of the application. The company also wants to ensure it can quickly roll back updates if there is an issue.

  Which solution will meet these requirements with MINIMAL changes to the application?

  A. Introduce changes as a separate environment parallel to the existing one Configure API Gateway to use a canary release deployment to send a small subset of user traffic to the new environment.

  B. Introduce changes as a separate environment parallel to the existing one Update the application's DNS alias records to point to the new environment.

  C. Introduce changes as a separate target group behind the existing Application Load Balancer Configure API Gateway to route user traffic to the new target group in steps.

  D. Introduce changes as a separate target group behind the existing Application Load Balancer Configure API Gateway to route all traffic to the Application Load Balancer which then sends the traffic to the new target group.

  Correct Answer: A

  API Gateway supports canary deployment on a deployment stage before you direct all traffic to that stage. A parallel environment means we will create a new ALB and a target group that will target a new set of EC2 instances on which the newer version of the app will be deployed. So the canary setting associated to the new version of the API will connect with the new ALB instance which in turn will direct the traffic to the new EC2 instances on which the newer version of the application is deployed.

• Question 214:

  A company deploys updates to its Amazon API Gateway API several times a week by using an AWS CodePipeline pipeline. As part of the update process the company exports the JavaScript SDK for the API from the API. Gateway console and uploads the SDK to an Amazon S3 bucket

  The company has configured an Amazon CloudFront distribution that uses the S3 bucket as an origin Web client then download the SDK by using the CloudFront distribution's endpoint. A DevOps engineer needs to implement a solution to make the new SDK available automatically during new API deployments.

  Which solution will meet these requirements?

  A. Create a CodePipeline action immediately after the deployment stage of the API. Configure the action to invoke an AWS Lambda function. Configure the Lambda function to download the SDK from API Gateway, upload the SDK to the S3 bucket and create a CloudFront invalidation for the SDK path.

  B. Create a CodePipeline action immediately after the deployment stage of the API Configure the action to use the CodePipelme integration with API. Gateway to export the SDK to Amazon S3 Create another action that uses the CodePipeline integration with Amazon S3 to invalidate the cache for the SDK path.

  C. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to UpdateStage events from aws apigateway Configure the rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to download the SDK from API Gateway upload the SDK to the S3 bucket and call the CloudFront API to create an invalidation for the SDK path.

  D. Create an Amazon EventBridge rule that reacts to Create. Deployment events from aws apigateway. Configure the rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to download the SDK from API. Gateway upload the SDK to the S3 bucket and call the S3 API to invalidate the cache for the SDK path.

  Correct Answer: A

  This solution would allow the company to automate the process of updating the SDK and making it available to web clients. By adding a CodePipeline action immediately after the deployment stage of the API, the Lambda function will be invoked automatically each time the API is updated. The Lambda function should be able to download the new SDK from API Gateway, upload it to the S3 bucket and also create a CloudFront invalidation for the SDK path so that the latest version of the SDK is available for the web clients. This is the most straight forward solution and it will meet the requirements.

• Question 215:

  A DevOps engineer used an AWS Cloud Formation custom resource to set up AD Connector. The AWS Lambda function ran and created AD Connector, but Cloud Formation is not transitioning from CREATE_IN_PROGRESS to CREATE_COMPLETE.

  Which action should the engineer take to resolve this issue?

  A. Ensure the Lambda function code has exited successfully.

  B. Ensure the Lambda function code returns a response to the pre-signed URL.

  C. Ensure the Lambda function IAM role has cloudformation UpdateStack permissions for the stack ARN.

  D. Ensure the Lambda function IAM role has ds ConnectDirectory permissions for the AWS account.

  Correct Answer: B

  Reference: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/crpg-ref-responses.html

• Question 216:

  A company needs to implement failover for its application. The application includes an Amazon CloudFront distribution and a public Application Load Balancer (ALB) in an AWS Region. The company has configured the ALB as the default origin for the distribution.

  After some recent application outages, the company wants a zero-second RTO. The company deploys the application to a secondary Region in a warm standby configuration. A DevOps engineer needs to automate the failover of the application to the secondary Region so that HTTP GET requests meet the desired RTO.

  Which solution will meet these requirements?

  A. Create a second CloudFront distribution that has the secondary ALB as the default origin. Create Amazon Route 53 alias records that have a failover policy and Evaluate Target Health set to Yes for both CloudFront distributions. Update the application to use the new record set.

  B. Create a new origin on the distribution for the secondary ALB. Create a new origin group. Set the original ALB as the primary origin. Configure the origin group to fail over for HTTP 5xx status codes. Update the default behavior to use the origin group.

  C. Create Amazon Route 53 alias records that have a failover policy and Evaluate Target Health set to Yes for both ALBs. Set the TTL of both records to 0. Update the distribution's origin to use the new record set.

  D. Create a CloudFront function that detects HTTP 5xx status codes. Configure the function to return a 307 Temporary Redirect error response to the secondary ALB if the function detects 5xx status codes. Update the distribution's default behavior to send origin responses to the function.

  Correct Answer: B

  The best solution to implement failover for the application is to use CloudFront origin groups. Origin groups allow CloudFront to automatically switch to a secondary origin when the primary origin is unavailable or returns specific HTTP status codes that indicate a failure1. This way, CloudFront can serve the requests from the secondary ALB in the secondary Region without any delay or redirection. To set up origin groups, the DevOps engineer needs to create a new origin on the distribution for the secondary ALB, create a new origin group with the original ALB as the primary origin and the secondary ALB as the secondary origin, and configure the origin group to fail over for HTTP 5xx status codes. Then, the DevOps engineer needs to update the default behavior to use the origin group instead of the single origin2. The other options are not as effective or efficient as the solution in option B. Option A is not suitable because creating a second CloudFront distribution will increase the complexity and cost of the application. Moreover, using Route 53 alias records with a failover policy will introduce some delay in detecting and switching to the secondary CloudFront distribution, which may not meet the zero-second RTO requirement. Option C is not feasible because CloudFront does not support using Route 53 alias records as origins3. Option D is not advisable because using a CloudFront function to redirect the requests to the secondary ALB will add an extra round-trip and latency to the failover process, which may also not meet the zero-second RTO requirement. References:

  1: Optimizing high availability with CloudFront origin failover -Amazon CloudFront

  2: Creating an origin group -Amazon CloudFront

  3: Values That You Specify When You Create or Update a Web Distribution -Amazon CloudFront

• Question 217:

  A company runs an application on Amazon EC2 instances. The company uses a series of AWS CloudFormation stacks to define the application resources. A developer performs updates by building and testing the application on a laptop and then uploading the build output and CloudFormation stack templates to Amazon S3. The developer's peers review the changes before the developer performs the CloudFormation stack update and installs a new version of the application onto the EC2 instances.

  The deployment process is prone to errors and is time-consuming when the developer updates each EC2 instance with the new application. The company wants to automate as much of the application deployment process as possible while retaining a final manual approval step before the modification of the application or resources.

  The company already has moved the source code for the application and the CloudFormation templates to AWS CodeCommit. The company also has created an AWS CodeBuild project to build and test the application.

  Which combination of steps will meet the company's requirements? (Choose two.)

  A. Create an application group and a deployment group in AWS CodeDeploy. Install the CodeDeploy agent on the EC2 instances.

  B. Create an application revision and a deployment group in AWS CodeDeploy. Create an environment in CodeDeploy. Register the EC2 instances to the CodeDeploy environment.

  C. Use AWS CodePipeline to invoke the CodeBuild job, run the CloudFormation update, and pause for a manual approval step. After approval, start the AWS CodeDeploy deployment.

  D. Use AWS CodePipeline to invoke the CodeBuild job, create CloudFormation change sets for each of the application stacks, and pause for a manual approval step. After approval, run the CloudFormation change sets and start the AWS CodeDeploy deployment.

  E. Use AWS CodePipeline to invoke the CodeBuild job, create CloudFormation change sets for each of the application stacks, and pause for a manual approval step. After approval, start the AWS CodeDeploy deployment.

  Correct Answer: AD

  A-https://docs.aws.amazon.com/codedeploy/latest/userguide/codedeploy-agent.html D -This option correctly utilizes AWS CodePipeline to invoke the CodeBuild job and create CloudFormation change sets. It adds a manual approval step before executing the change sets and starting the AWS CodeDeploy deployment. This ensures that the deployment process is automated while retaining the final manual approval step.

• Question 218:

  A video-sharing company stores its videos in Amazon S3. The company has observed a sudden increase in video access requests, but the company does not know which videos are most popular. The company needs to identify the general access pattern for the video files. This pattern includes the number of users who access a certain file on a given day, as well as the numb A DevOps engineer manages a large commercial website that runs on Amazon EC2 The website uses Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to collect and process web togs The DevOps engineer manages the Kinesis consumer application, which also runs on Amazon EC2

  Sudden increases of data cause the Kinesis consumer application to all behind and the Kinesis data streams drop records before the records can be processed

  The DevOps engineer must implement a solution to improve stream handling

  Which solution meets these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency'' er of pull requests for certain files.

  How can the company meet these requirements with the LEAST amount of effort?

  A. Activate S3 server access logging. Import the access logs into an Amazon Aurora database. Use an Aurora SQL query to analyze the access patterns.

  B. Activate S3 server access logging. Use Amazon Athena to create an external table with the log files. Use Athena to create a SQL query to analyze the access patterns.

  C. Invoke an AWS Lambda function for every S3 object access event. Configure the Lambda function to write the file access information, such as user. S3 bucket, and file key, to an Amazon Aurora database. Use an Aurora SQL query to analyze the access patterns.

  D. Record an Amazon CloudWatch Logs log message for every S3 object access event. Configure a CloudWatch Logs log stream to write the file access information, such as user, S3 bucket, and file key, to an Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics for SQL application. Perform a sliding window analysis.

  Correct Answer: B

  Activating S3 server access logging and using Amazon Athena to create an external table with the log files is the easiest and most cost-effective way to analyze access patterns. This option requires minimal setup and allows for quick analysis of the access patterns with SQL queries. Additionally, Amazon Athena scales automatically to match the query load, so there is no need for additional infrastructure provisioning or management.

• Question 219:

  A company has containerized all of its in-house quality control applications. The company is running Jenkins on Amazon EC2 instances, which require patching and upgrading. The compliance officer has requested a DevOps engineer begin encrypting build artifacts since they contain company intellectual property.

  What should the DevOps engineer do to accomplish this in the MOST maintainable manner?

  A. Automate patching and upgrading using AWS Systems Manager on EC2 instances and encrypt Amazon EBS volumes by default.

  B. Deploy Jenkins to an Amazon ECS cluster and copy build artifacts to an Amazon S3 bucket with default encryption enabled.

  C. Leverage AWS CodePipeline with a build action and encrypt the artifacts using AWS Secrets Manager.

  D. Use AWS CodeBuild with artifact encryption to replace the Jenkins instance running on EC2 instances.

  Correct Answer: D

  The following are the steps involved in accomplishing this in the most maintainable manner:

  Use AWS CodeBuild with artifact encryption to replace the Jenkins instance running on EC2 instances.

  Configure CodeBuild to encrypt the build artifacts using AWS Secrets Manager. Deploy the containerized quality control applications to CodeBuild. This approach is the most maintainable because it eliminates the need to manage Jenkins on

  EC2 instances. CodeBuild is a managed service, so the DevOps engineer does not need to worry about patching or upgrading the service. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/codebuild/latest/userguide/security-encryption.html Build artifact

  encryption -CodeBuild requires access to an AWS KMS CMK in order to encrypt its build output artifacts. By default, CodeBuild uses an AWS Key Management Service CMK for Amazon S3 in your AWS account. If you do not want to use this

  CMK, you must create and configure a customer-managed CMK. For more information Creating keys.

• Question 220:

  A company uses AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory as its identity provider (IdP). The company requires all infrastructure to be defined and deployed by AWS CloudFormation.

  A DevOps engineer needs to create a fleet of Windows-based Amazon EC2 instances to host an application. The DevOps engineer has created a CloudFormation template that contains an EC2 launch template, IAM role, EC2 security group, and EC2 Auto Scaling group. The DevOps engineer must implement a solution that joins all EC2 instances to the domain of the AWS Managed Microsoft AD directory.

  Which solution will meet these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency?

  A. In the CloudFormation template, create an AWS::SSM::Document resource that joins the EC2 instance to the AWS Managed Microsoft AD domain by using the parameters for the existing directory. Update the launch template to include the SSMAssociation property to use the new SSM document. Attach the AmazonSSMManagedlnstanceCore and AmazonSSMDirectoryServiceAccess AWS managed policies to the IAM role that the EC2 instances use.

  B. In the CloudFormation template, update the launch template to include specific tags that propagate on launch. Create an AWS::SSM::Association resource to associate the AWS-JoinDirectoryServiceDomain Automation runbook with the EC2 instances that have the specified tags. Define the required parameters to join the AWS Managed Microsoft AD directory. Attach the AmazonSSMManagedlnstanceCore and AmazonSSMDirectoryServiceAccess AWS managed policies to the IAM role that the EC2 instances use.

  C. Store the existing AWS Managed Microsoft AD domain connection details in AWS Secrets Manager. In the CloudFormation template, create an AWS::SSM::Association resource to associate the AWS-CreateManagedWindowslnstanceWithApproval Automation runbook with the EC2 Auto Scaling group. Pass the ARNs for the parameters from Secrets Manager to join the domain. Attach the AmazonSSMDirectoryServiceAccess and SecretsManagerReadWrite AWS managed policies to the IAM role that the EC2 instances use.

  D. Store the existing AWS Managed Microsoft AD domain administrator credentials in AWS Secrets Manager. In the CloudFormation template, update the EC2 launch template to include user data. Configure the user data to pull the administrator credentials from Secrets Manager and to join the AWS Managed Microsoft AD domain. Attach the AmazonSSMManagedlnstanceCore and SecretsManagerReadWrite AWS managed policies to the IAM role that the EC2 instances use.

  Correct Answer: B

  To meet the requirements, the DevOps engineer needs to create a solution that joins all EC2 instances to the domain of the AWS Managed Microsoft AD directory with the most operational efficiency. The DevOps engineer can use AWS Systems Manager Automation to automate the domain join process using an existing runbook called AWS-JoinDirectoryServiceDomain. This runbook can join Windows instances to an AWS Managed Microsoft AD or Simple AD directory by using PowerShell commands. The DevOps engineer can create an AWS::SSM::Association resource in the CloudFormation template to associate the runbook with the EC2 instances that have specific tags. The tags can be defined in the launch template and propagated on launch to the EC2 instances. The DevOps engineer can also define the required parameters for the runbook, such as the directory ID, directory name, and organizational unit. The DevOps engineer can attach the AmazonSSMManagedlnstanceCore and AmazonSSMDirectoryServiceAccess AWS managed policies to the IAM role that the EC2 instances use. These policies grant the necessary permissions for Systems Manager and Directory Service operations.