Certified Information Privacy Professional/United States (CIPP/US)

Edward Snowden's revelations regarding government programs collecting massive amounts of information about U.S.
citizens and noncitizens led to the passage of which law?

SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next question:

Declan has just started a job as a nursing assistant in a radiology department at Woodland Hospital. He has also started a program to become a registered nurse.

Before taking this career path, Declan was vaguely familiar with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). He now knows that he must help ensure the security of his patients' Protected Health Information (PHI).
Therefore, he is thinking carefully about privacy issues.

On the morning of his first day, Declan noticed that the newly hired receptionist handed each patient a HIPAA privacy notice. He wondered if it was necessary to give these privacy notices to returning patients, and if the radiology department could reduce paper waste through a system of one-time distribution.

He was also curious about the hospital's use of a billing company. He questioned whether the hospital was doing all it could to protect the privacy of its patients if the billing company had details about patients' care.

On his first day Declan became familiar with all areas of the hospital's large radiology department. As he was organizing equipment left in the halfway, he overheard a conversation between two hospital administrators. He was surprised to hear that a portable hard drive containing non-encrypted patient information was missing. The administrators expressed relief that the hospital would be able to avoid liability. Declan was surprised, and wondered whether the hospital had plans to properly report what had happened.

Despite Declan's concern about this issue, he was amazed by the hospital's effort to integrate Electronic Health Records (EHRs) into the everyday care of patients. He thought about the potential for streamlining care even more if they were accessible to all medical facilities nationwide.

Declan had many positive interactions with patients. At the end of his first day, he spoke to one patient, John, whose father had just been diagnosed with a degenerative muscular disease. John was about to get blood work done, and he feared that the blood work could reveal a genetic predisposition to the disease that could affect his ability to obtain insurance coverage. Declan told John that he did not think that was possible, but the patient was wheeled away before he could explain why. John plans to ask a colleague about this.

In one month, Declan has a paper due for one his classes on a health topic of his choice. By then, he will have had many interactions with patients he can use as examples. He will be pleased to give credit to John by name for inspiring him to think more carefully about genetic testing.

Although Declan's day ended with many questions, he was pleased about his new position.

How can the radiology department address Declan's concern about paper waste and still comply with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)?

In which situation would a policy of "no consumer choice" or "no option" be expected?

The U.S.
Supreme Court has recognized an individual's right to privacy over personal issues, such as contraception, by acknowledging which of the following?

What is the most likely reason that states have adopted their own data breach notification laws?

Under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), what must a person who is denied employment based upon his credit history receive?

SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next question:

Felicia has spent much of her adult life overseas, and has just recently returned to the U.S. to help her friend Celeste open a jewelry store in California. Felicia, despite being excited at the prospect, has a number of security concerns, and has only grudgingly accepted the need to hire other employees. In order to guard against the loss of valuable merchandise, Felicia wants to carefully screen applicants. With their permission, Felicia would like to run credit checks, administer polygraph tests, and scrutinize videos of interviews. She intends to read applicants' postings on social media, ask questions about drug addiction, and solicit character references. Felicia believes that if potential employees are serious about becoming part of a dynamic new business, they will readily agree to these requirements.

Felicia is also in favor of strict employee oversight. In addition to protecting the inventory, she wants to prevent mistakes during transactions, which will require video monitoring. She also wants to regularly check the company vehicle's GPS for locations visited by employees. She also believes that employees who use their own devices for work-related purposes should agree to a certain amount of supervision.

Given her high standards, Felicia is skeptical about the proposed location of the store. She has been told that many types of background checks are not allowed under California law. Her friend Celeste thinks these worries are unfounded, as long as applicants verbally agree to the checks and are offered access to the results. Nor does Celeste share Felicia's concern about state breach notification laws, which, she claims, would be costly to implement even on a minor scale.
Celeste believes that
even if the business grows a customer database of a few thousand, it's unlikely that a state agency would hassle an honest business if an accidental security incident were to occur.

In any case, Celeste feels that all they need is common sense ?like remembering to tear up sensitive documents before throwing them in the recycling bin. Felicia hopes that she's right, and that all of her concerns will be put to rest next month when their new business consultant (who is also a privacy professional) arrives from North Carolina.

Based on Felicia's Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) plan, the business consultant will most likely advise Felicia and Celeste to do what?

What is an exception to the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 ban on interception of wire, oral and electronic communications?

Which of the following would NOT be considered a method of obtaining verifiable parental consent before collecting, using or disclosing personal information from children under the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) of 1998?

SCENARIO -

Please use the following to answer the next question:

Jane is a U.S. citizen and a senior software engineer at California-based Jones Labs, a major software supplier to the U.S. Department of Defense and other U.S. federal agencies. Jane's manager, Patrick, is a French citizen who has been living in California for over a decade. Patrick has recently begun to suspect that Jane is an insider secretly transmitting trade secrets to foreign intelligence. Unbeknownst to Patrick, the FBI has already received a hint from anonymous whistleblower, and jointly with the National Security Agency is investigating Jane's possible implication in a sophisticated foreign espionage campaign.

Ever since the pandemic, Jane has been working from home. To complete her daily tasks she uses her corporate laptop, which after each login conspicuously provides notice that the equipment belongs to Jones Labs and may be monitored according to the enacted privacy policy and employment handbook.
Jane also has a corporate mobile phone that she uses strictly for business, the terms of which are de ned in her employment contract and elaborated upon in her employee handbook. Both the privacy policy and the employee handbook are revised annually by a reputable California law rm specializing in privacy law.
Jane also has a personal iPhone that she uses for private purposes only.

Jones Labs has its primary data center in San Francisco, which is managed internally by Jones Labs engineers. The secondary data center, managed by Amazon AWS, is physically located in the UK for disaster recovery purposes. Jones Labs' mobile devices backup is managed by a mid-sized mobile defense company located in Denver, which physically stores the data in Canada to reduce costs. Jones Labs MS O ce documents are securely stored in a Microsoft O ce 365 data center based in Ireland.
Manufacturing data of Jones Labs is stored in Taiwan and managed by a local supplier that has no presence in the U.S.

When storing Jane's ngerprint for remote authentication.
Jones Labs should consider legality issues under which of the following?