Cloud Security Alliance Cloud Security Alliance Certifications CCZT Questions & Answers

• Question 51:

  What is one of the key purposes of leveraging visibility and analytics capabilities in a ZTA?

  A. Automatically granting access to all requested applications and data.

  B. Ensuring device compatibility with legacy applications.

  C. Enhancing network performance for faster data access.

  D. Continually evaluating user behavior against a baseline to identify unusual actions.

  Correct Answer: D

  One of the key purposes of leveraging visibility and analytics capabilities in a ZTA is to continually evaluate user behavior against a baseline to identify unusual actions. This helps to detect and respond to potential threats, anomalies, and

  deviations from the normal patterns of user activity. Visibility and analytics capabilities also enable the collection and analysis of telemetry data across all the core pillars of ZTA, such as user, device, network, application, and data, and provide

  insights for policy enforcement and improvement.

  References:

  Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) prepkit, page 15, section 2.2.3 Zero Trust for Government Networks: 4 Steps You Need to Know, section "Continuously verify trust with visibility and analytics" The role of visibility and analytics in

  zero trust architectures, section "The basic NIST tenets of this approach include"

  What is Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA)? | NextLabs, section "With real-time access control, users are reliably verified and authenticated before each session"

• Question 52:

  To ensure an acceptable user experience when implementing SDP, a security architect should collaborate with IT to do what?

  A. Plan to release SDP as part of a single major change or a "big-bang" implementation.

  B. Model and plan the user experience, client software distribution, and device onboarding processes.

  C. Build the business case for SDP, based on cost modeling and business value.

  D. Advise IT stakeholders that the security team will fully manage all aspects of the SDP rollout.

  Correct Answer: B

  To ensure an acceptable user experience when implementing SDP, a security architect should collaborate with IT to model and plan the user experience, client software distribution, and device onboarding processes. This is because SDP requires users to install and use client software to access the protected resources, and the user experience may vary depending on the device type, operating system, network conditions, and security policies. By modeling and planning the user experience, the security architect and IT can ensure that the SDP implementation is user-friendly, consistent, and secure. References: Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) - Cloud Security Alliance, Zero Trust Training (ZTT)

  -Module 7: Network Infrastructure and SDP

• Question 53:

  Which of the following is a key principle of ZT and is required for its implementation?

  A. Implementing strong anti-phishing email filters

  B. Making no assumptions about an entity's trustworthiness when it requests access to a resource

  C. Encrypting all communications between any two endpoints

  D. Requiring that authentication and explicit authorization must occur after network access has been granted

  Correct Answer: B

  Explanation: One of the core principles of Zero Trust (ZT) is to "never trust, always verify" every request for access to a resource, regardless of where it originates or what resource it accesses1. This means that ZT does not rely on implicit trust based on network perimeters, device types, or user roles, but rather on explicit verification based on multiple data points, such as user identity, device health, location, service, data classification, and anomalies1. References: Zero Trust Architecture | NIST Zero Trust Model - Modern Security Architecture | Microsoft Security How To Implement Zero Trust: 5-steps Approach and its challenges - Fortinet

• Question 54:

  Which of the following is a potential outcome of an effective ZT implementation?

  A. Regular vulnerability scanning

  B. A comprehensive catalogue of all transactions, dependencies, and services with associated IDs

  C. Deployment of traditional firewall solutions

  D. Adoption of biometric authentication

  Correct Answer: B

  A comprehensive catalogue of all transactions, dependencies, and services with associated IDs is a potential outcome of an effective ZT implementation because it helps to map the data flows and interactions among the assets and entities in the ZTA. This catalogue enables the ZTA to enforce granular and dynamic policies based on the context and attributes of the transactions, dependencies, and services. It also facilitates the monitoring and auditing of the ZTA activities and performance. References: Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) - Cloud Security Alliance, Zero Trust Training (ZTT) - Module 3: ZTA Architecture and Components

• Question 55:

  When planning for ZT implementation, who will determine valid users, roles, and privileges for accessing data as part of data governance?

  A. IT teams

  B. Application owners

  C. Asset owners

  D. Compliance officers

  Correct Answer: C

  Asset owners are the ones who will determine valid users, roles, and privileges for accessing data as part of data governance. Asset owners are responsible for defining the data classification, sensitivity, and ownership of the data assets they own. They also have the authority to grant or revoke access to the data assets based on the business needs and the Zero Trust policies. References: Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) - Cloud Security Alliance, Zero Trust Training (ZTT) - Module 2: Data and Asset Classification

• Question 56:

  Scenario: A multinational org uses ZTA to enhance security. They collaborate with third-party service providers for remote access to specific resources. How can ZTA policies authenticate third-party users and devices for accessing resources?

  A. ZTA policies can implement robust encryption and secure access controls to prevent access to services from stolen devices, ensuring that only legitimate users can access mobile services.

  B. ZTA policies should prioritize securing remote users through technologies like virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) and corporate cloud workstation resources to reduce the risk of lateral movement via compromised access controls.

  C. ZTA policies can be configured to authenticate third-party users and their devices, determining the necessary access privileges for resources while concealing all other assets to minimize the attack surface.

  D. ZTA policies should primarily educate users about secure practices and promote strong authentication for services accessed via mobile devices to prevent data compromise.

  Correct Answer: C

  ZTA is based on the principle of never trusting any user or device by default, regardless of their location or ownership. ZTA policies can use various methods to verify the identity and context of third-party users and devices, such as tokens, certificates, multifactor authentication, device posture assessment, etc. ZTA policies can also enforce granular and dynamic access policies that grant the minimum necessary privileges to third-party users and devices for accessing specific resources, while hiding all other assets from their view. This reduces the attack surface and prevents unauthorized access and lateral movement within the network.

• Question 57:

  To ensure a successful ZT effort, it is important to

  A. engage finance regularly so they understand the effort and do not cancel the project

  B. keep the effort focused within IT to avoid any distractions

  C. engage stakeholders across the organization and at all levels, including functional areas

  D. minimize communication with the business units to avoid "scope creep"

  Correct Answer: C

  To ensure a successful ZT effort, it is important to engage stakeholders across the organization and at all levels, including functional areas. This helps to align the ZT vision and goals with the business priorities and needs, gain buy-in and

  support from the leadership and the users, and foster a culture of collaboration and trust. Engaging stakeholders also enables the identification and mapping of the critical assets, workflows, and dependencies, as well as the communication

  and feedback mechanisms for the ZT transformation.

  References:

  Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) prepkit, page 7, section 1.3 Zero Trust Planning - Cloud Security Alliance, section "Scope, Priority, and Business Case"

  The `Zero Trust' Model in Cybersecurity: Towards understanding and ..., section "3.1 Ensuring buy-in across the organization with tangible impact"

• Question 58:

  What measures are needed to detect and stop malicious access attempts in real-time and prevent damage when using ZTA's centralized authentication and policy enforcement?

  A. Audit logging and monitoring

  B. Dynamic firewall policies

  C. Network segregation

  D. Dynamic access policies

  Correct Answer: D

• Question 59:

  For ZTA, what should be used to validate the identity of an entity?

  A. Password management system

  B. Multifactor authentication

  C. Single sign-on

  D. Bio-metric authentication

  Correct Answer: B

  Multifactor authentication is a method of validating the identity of an entity by requiring two or more factors, such as something the entity knows (e.g., password, PIN), something the entity has (e.g., token, smart card), or something the entity is (e.g., biometric, behavioral). Multifactor authentication enhances the security of Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) by reducing the risk of identity compromise and unauthorized access. References: Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) - Cloud Security Alliance, Zero Trust Training (ZTT) - Module 4: Identity and Access Management

• Question 60:

  Which security tools or capabilities can be utilized to automate the response to security events and incidents?

  A. Single packet authorization (SPA)

  B. Security orchestration, automation, and response (SOAR)

  C. Multi-factor authentication (MFA)

  D. Security information and event management (SIEM)

  Correct Answer: B

  SOAR is a collection of software programs developed to bolster an organization's cybersecurity posture. SOAR tools can automate the response to security events and incidents by executing predefined workflows or playbooks, which can include tasks such as alert triage, threat detection, containment, mitigation, and remediation. SOAR tools can also orchestrate the integration of various security tools and data sources, and provide centralized dashboards and reporting for security operations. References: Certificate of Competence in Zero Trust (CCZT) prepkit, page 23, section 3.2.2 Security Orchestration, Automation and Response (SOAR) - Gartner Security Automation: Tools, Process and Best Practices - Cynet, section "What are the different types of security automation tools?" Introduction to automation in Microsoft Sentinel