A database specialist is designing the database for a software-as-a-service (SaaS) version of an employee information application. In the current architecture, the change history of employee records is stored in a single table in an Amazon RDS for Oracle database. Triggers on the employee table populate the history table with historical records.
This architecture has two major challenges. First, there is no way to guarantee that the records have not been changed in the history table. Second, queries on the history table are slow because of the large size of the table and the need to run the queries against a large subset of data in the table.
The database specialist must design a solution that prevents modification of the historical records. The solution also must maximize the speed of the queries.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Migrate the current solution to an Amazon DynamoDB table. Use DynamoDB Streams to keep track of changes. Use DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX) to improve query performance.
B. Write employee record history to Amazon Quantum Ledger Database (Amazon QLDB) for historical records and to an Amazon OpenSearch Service domain for queries.
C. Use Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL to store employee record history in a single table. Use Aurora Auto Scaling to provision more capacity.
D. Build a solution that uses an Amazon Redshift cluster for historical records. Query the Redshift cluster directly as needed.
A company is running a blogging platform. A security audit determines that the Amazon RDS DB instance that is used by the platform is not configured to encrypt the data at rest. The company must encrypt the DB instance within 30 days.
What should a database specialist do to meet this requirement with the LEAST amount of downtime?
A. Create a read replica of the DB instance, and enable encryption. When the read replica is available, promote the read replica and update the endpoint that is used by the application. Delete the unencrypted DB instance.
B. Take a snapshot of the DB instance. Make an encrypted copy of the snapshot. Restore the encrypted snapshot. When the new DB instance is available, update the endpoint that is used by the application. Delete the unencrypted DB instance.
C. Create a new encrypted DB instance. Perform an initial data load, and set up logical replication between the two DB instances When the new DB instance is in sync with the source DB instance, update the endpoint that is used by the application. Delete the unencrypted DB instance.
D. Convert the DB instance to an Amazon Aurora DB cluster, and enable encryption. When the DB cluster is available, update the endpoint that is used by the application to the cluster endpoint. Delete the unencrypted DB instance.
Amazon RDS for Oracle with Transparent Data Encryption is used by a financial services organization (TDE). At all times, the organization is obligated to encrypt its data at rest. The decryption key must be widely distributed, and access to the key must be restricted. The organization must be able to rotate the encryption key on demand to comply with regulatory requirements. If any possible security vulnerabilities are discovered, the organization must be able to disable the key. Additionally, the company's overhead must be kept to a minimal.
What method should the database administrator use to configure the encryption to fulfill these specifications?
A. AWS CloudHSM
B. AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) with an AWS managed key
C. AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) with server-side encryption
D. AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) CMK with customer-provided material
A company uses an Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL database in the us-east-2 Region. The company wants to have a copy of the database available in the us-west-2 Region as part of a new disaster recovery strategy.
A database architect needs to create the new database. There can be little to no downtime to the source database. The database architect has decided to use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to replicate the database across Regions. The database architect will use full load mode and then will switch to change data capture (CDC) mode.
Which parameters must the database architect configure to support CDC mode for the RDS for PostgreSQL database? (Choose three.)
A. Set wal_level = logical.
B. Set wal_level = replica.
C. Set max_replication_slots to 1 or more, depending on the number of DMS tasks.
D. Set max_replication_slots to 0 to support dynamic allocation of slots.
E. Set wal_sender_timeout to 20,000 milliseconds.
F. Set wal_sender_timeout to 5,000 milliseconds.
A manufacturing company's website uses an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster.
Which configurations will result in the LEAST application downtime during a failover? (Choose three.)
A. Use the provided read and write Aurora endpoints to establish a connection to the Aurora DB cluster.
B. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alert triggering a restore in another Availability Zone when the primary Aurora DB cluster is unreachable.
C. Edit and enable Aurora DB cluster cache management in parameter groups.
D. Set TCP keepalive parameters to a high value.
E. Set JDBC connection string timeout variables to a low value.
F. Set Java DNS caching timeouts to a high value.
A business's production databases are housed on a 3 TB Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster. The database cluster is installed in the region us-east-1. For disaster recovery (DR) requirements, the company's database expert needs to fast deploy the DB cluster in another AWS Region to handle the production load with an RTO of less than two hours.
Which approach is the MOST OPERATIONALLY EFFECTIVE in meeting these requirements?
A. Implement an AWS Lambda function to take a snapshot of the production DB cluster every 2 hours, and copy that snapshot to an Amazon S3 bucket in the DR Region. Restore the snapshot to an appropriately sized DB cluster in the DR Region.
B. Add a cross-Region read replica in the DR Region with the same instance type as the current primary instance. If the read replica in the DR Region needs to be used for production, promote the read replica to become a standalone DB cluster.
C. Create a smaller DB cluster in the DR Region. Configure an AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) task with change data capture (CDC) enabled to replicate data from the current production DB cluster to the DB cluster in the DR Region.
D. Create an Aurora global database that spans two Regions. Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to migrate the existing database to the new global database.
A company has a production environment running on Amazon RDS for SQL Server with an in-house web application as the front end. During the last application maintenance window, new functionality was added to the web application to enhance the reporting capabilities for management. Since the update, the application is slow to respond to some reporting queries.
How should the company identify the source of the problem?
A. Install and configure Amazon CloudWatch Application Insights for Microsoft .NET and Microsoft SQL Server. Use a CloudWatch dashboard to identify the root cause.
B. Enable RDS Performance Insights and determine which query is creating the problem. Request changes to the query to address the problem.
C. Use AWS X-Ray deployed with Amazon RDS to track query system traces.
D. Create a support request and work with AWS Support to identify the source of the issue.
A company has a heterogeneous six-node production Amazon Aurora DB cluster that handles online transaction processing (OLTP) for the core business and OLAP reports for the human resources department. To match compute resources to the use case, the company has decided to have the reporting workload for the human resources department be directed to two small nodes in the Aurora DB cluster, while every other workload goes to four large nodes in the same DB cluster.
Which option would ensure that the correct nodes are always available for the appropriate workload while meeting these requirements?
A. Use the writer endpoint for OLTP and the reader endpoint for the OLAP reporting workload.
B. Use automatic scaling for the Aurora Replica to have the appropriate number of replicas for the desired workload.
C. Create additional readers to cater to the different scenarios.
D. Use custom endpoints to satisfy the different workloads.
A company has deployed an application that uses an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB cluster. The DB cluster uses three read replicas. The primary DB instance is an 8XL-sized instance, and the read replicas are each XL-sized instances.
Users report that database queries are returning stale data. The replication lag indicates that the replicas are 5 minutes behind the primary DB instance. Status queries on the replicas show that the SQL_THREAD is 10 binlogs behind the IO_THREAD and that the IO_THREAD is 1 binlog behind the primary.
Which changes will reduce the lag? (Choose two.)
A. Deploy two additional read replicas matching the existing replica DB instance size.
B. Migrate the primary DB instance to an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster and add three Aurora Replicas.
C. Move the read replicas to the same Availability Zone as the primary DB instance.
D. Increase the instance size of the primary DB instance within the same instance class.
E. Increase the instance size of the read replicas to the same size and class as the primary DB instance.
A company has an ecommerce web application with an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance. The marketing team has noticed some unexpected updates to the product and pricing information on the website, which is impacting sales targets. The marketing team wants a database specialist to audit future database activity to help identify how and when the changes are being made.
What should the database specialist do to meet these requirements? (Choose two.)
A. Create an RDS event subscription to the audit event type.
B. Enable auditing of CONNECT and QUERY_DML events.
C. SSH to the DB instance and review the database logs.
D. Publish the database logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
E. Enable Enhanced Monitoring on the DB instance.
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