Hydrogen blisters may form as surface bulges on the ID, the OD on within the wall thickness of a pipe or pressure vessel. Blistering occurs from hydrogen generated by ______, not hydrogen gas from the process stream.
A. H²S
B. Corrosion
C. Hydriding
D. Sulfur
With sour water corrosion, streams with a pH below ________ indicate the presence of a strong acid.
A. 7.0
B. 5.5
C. 6.0
D. 4.5
Oxidation of carbon steel begins to become significant above _________.
A. 800º F
B. 900º F
C. 1000º F
D. 1100º F
A carbon steel bundle from the overhead condenser in the crude unit operates at 300º F and is in hydrochloric acid service. It showed severe pitting type corrosion when pulled for inspection. What type of material would be best suited for this service?
A. 5Cr-0.5Mo
B. 316 stainless steel
C. 9Cr-1Mo
D. Titanium
Which of these materials is susceptible to 885º F embrittlement?
A. 400 Series SS
B. Duplex SS
C. 5Cr-1Mo
D. Both A and B
SCC tendency ________ towards the alkaline pH region
A. Decreases
B. Increases
C. Remains constant
D. Varies
Creep damage is found in high temperature equipment operating above the ________. Fired heater tubes and components, Catalytic reactors, FCC reactors and FCC fractionator and regenerator internals all operate in or near this.
A. Transition range
B. MADT
C. Creep range
D. None of the above
A vacuum tower operating at 740º F is being entered to inspect. Several sets of Type 410 SS trays are bent at various angles. The trays are removed in order to straighten them. When an attempt is made to straighten them cracks form at the bends. What type of damage mechanism would cause the cracks to form?
A. Hydrogen embrittlement
B. Sulfide stress corrosion cracking
C. 885º F embrittlement
D. High temperature corrosion
Sulfidation is primarily caused by ________ and other reactive sulfur species as a result of the thermal decomposition of sulfur compounds at high temperatures.
A. Sulfur dioxide
B. H²S
C. Sulfur trioxide
D. Sulfates
__________ is a form of stress corrosion cracking normally occurring during shutdowns, startups or during operation when air and moisture are present. Cracking is due to sulfur acids forming from sulfide scale, air and moisture acting on sensitized stainless steel.
A. Caustic SCC
B. Chloride SCC
C. Polythionic acid SCC
D. None of the above
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