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Question 1

Lab simulation

Simulation

One Logical Volume named lv1 is created under vg0. The Initial Size of that Logical Volume is 100MB.
Now you required the size 500MB. Make successfully the size of that Logical Volume 500M without losing any data. As well as size should be increased online.

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The LVM system organizes hard disks into Logical Volume (LV) groups. Essentially, physical hard disk partitions (or possibly RAID arrays) are set up in a bunch of equal sized chunks known as Physical Extents (PE). As there are several other concepts associated with the LVM system, let's start with some basic definitions: Physical Volume (PV) is the standard partition that you add to the LVM mix. Normally, a physical volume is a standard primary or logical partition. It can also be a RAID array.
Physical Extent (PE) is a chunk of disk space. Every PV is divided into a number of equal sized PEs. Every PE in a LV group is the same size. Different LV groups can have different sized PEs.
Logical Extent (LE) is also a chunk of disk space. Every LE is mapped to a specific PE.
Logical Volume (LV) is composed of a group of LEs. You can mount a file system such as /home and /var on an LV.
Volume Group (VG) is composed of a group of LVs. It is the organizational group for LVM. Most of the commands that you'll use apply to a specific VG.

Verify the size of Logical Volume: lvdisplay /dev/vg0/lv1
Verify the Size on mounted directory: df -h or df -h mounted directory name
Use: lvextend -L+400M /dev/vg0/lv1 ext2online -d /dev/vg0/lv1 to bring extended size online.
Again Verify using lvdisplay and df -h command.

Question 2

Lab simulation

Simulation

Part 2 (on Node2 Server)

Task 6 [Implementing Advanced Storage Features]

Add a new disk to your virtual machine with a ize of 10 GiB

On this disk, create a VDO volume with a size of 50 GiB and mount it persistently on /vbread with xfs filesystem

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*
[root@node2 ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vdd 252:48 0 5G 0 disk
vde 252:64 0 10G 0 disk
[root@node2 ~]# yum install kmod-kvdo vdo
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl enable --now vdo
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl start vdo
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl status vdo
[root@node2 ~]# vdo create --name=vdo1 --device=/dev/vde --vdoLogicalSize=50G [root@node2 ~]#
vdostats --hu
Device Size Used Available Use% Space saving%
/dev/mapper/vdo1 10.0G 4.0G 6.0G 40% N/A [root@node2 ~]# mkfs.xfs -K /dev/mapper/vdo1

*
[root@node2 ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vde 252:64 0 10G 0 disk
vdo1 253:4 0 50G 0 vdo
[root@node2 ~]# mkdir /vbread
[root@node2 ~]# blkid
/dev/mapper/vdo1: UUID="1ec7a341-6051-4aed-8a2c-4d2d61833227" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="xfs"
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/fstab UUID=1ec7a341-6051-4aed-8a2c-4d2d61833227 /vbread xfs defaults,x- systemd.requires=vdo.service 0
0
[root@node2 ~]# mount /dev/mapper/vdo1 /vbread/
[root@node2 ~]# df -hT
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vdo1 xfs 50G 390M 50G 1% /vbread

Question 3

Lab simulation

Simulation

Configure autofs to make sure after login successfully, it has the home directory autofs, which is shared as /rhome/ldapuser40 at the ip: 172.24.40.10. and it also requires that, other ldap users can use the home directory normally.

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# chkconfig autofs on
# cd /etc/
# vim /etc/auto.master
/rhome /etc/auto.ldap
# cp auto.misc auto.ldap
# vim auto.ladp ldapuser40 -rw,soft,intr 172.24.40.10:/rhome/ldapuser40
* -rw,soft,intr 172.16.40.10:/rhome/&
# service autofs stop
# server autofs start
# showmount -e 172.24.40.10
# su - ladpuser40

Question 4

Lab simulation

Simulation

Part 1 (on Node1 Server)

Task 14 [Managing SELinux Security]

You will configure a web server running on your system serving content using a non-standard port (82)

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*
[root@node1 ~]# curl http://node1.domain15.example.com curl: (7) Failed to connect tonode1.domain15.example.comport80:Connectionrefused[root@node1~]#yuminstallhttpd[root@node1~]#systemctlenable--nowhttpdCreatedsymlink/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service/usr/lib/systemd/system/
httpd.service.
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl status httpd
Status: "Running, listening on: port 80"

*
[root@node1 ~]# wget
http://node1.domain15.example.com
2021-03-23 13:27:28 ERROR 403: Forbidden.
[root@node1 ~]# semanage port -l | grep http http_port_t tcp 80, 81, 443, 488, 8008, 8009, 8443, 9000 [root@node1 ~]# semanage port -a -t http_port_t
-p tcp 82 [root@node1 ~]# semanage port -l | grep http http_port_t tcp 82, 80, 81, 443, 488, 8008, 8009, 8443, 9000 [root@node1 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public
--list-all [root@node1 ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=82/tcp [root@node1 ~]#
firewall-cmd --reload
[root@node1 ~]# curl http://node1.domain15.example.com OK

* root@node1 ~]# wget http://node1.domain15.example.com:82 Connection refused.[root@node1~]#vim/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Listen 82
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@node1 ~]# wget
http://node1.domain15.example.com:82
2021-03-23 13:31:41 ERROR 403:
Forbidden.
[root@node1 ~]# curl http://node1.domain15.example.com:82 OK

Question 5

Lab simulation

Simulation

In the system, mounted the iso image /root/examine.iso to/mnt/iso directory. And enable automatically
mount (permanent mount) after restart system.

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mkdir -p /mnt/iso
/etc/fstab:
/root/examine.iso /mnt/iso iso9660 loop 0 0 mount -a mount | grep examine

Question 6

Lab simulation

Simulation

Configure a cron Task.
User natasha must configure a cron job, local time 14:23 runs and executes: */bin/echo hiya every day.

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crontab -e -u natasha
23 14/bin/echo hiya crontab -l -u natasha // view
systemctlenable crond
systemcdlrestart crond

Question 7

Lab simulation

Simulation

Part 1 (on Node1 Server)

Task 13 [Archiving and Transferring Files & SELinux]

Create a backup file named /root/backup.tar.bz2. The backup file should contain the content of /usr/local and should be zipped with bzip2 compression format.

Furthermore, ensure SELinux is in enforcing mode. If it is not, change SELinux to enforcing mode.

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*
[root@node1 ~]# tar cvf /root/backup.tar /usr/local/ tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
/usr/local/
/usr/local/bin/
/usr/local/etc/
[root@node1 ~]# ls
backup.tar
[root@node1 ~]# file backup.tar backup.tar: POSIX tar archive (GNU)
[root@node1 ~]# bzip2 backup.tar
[root@node1 ~]# ls
backup.tar.bz2
[root@node1 ~]# file backup.tar.bz2 backup.tar.bz2: bzip2 compressed data, block size = 900k

*
[root@node1 ~]# sestatus SELinux status: enabled
[root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=enforcing
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@node1 ~]# reboot
### For Checking ###
[root@node1 ~]# sestatus SELinux status: enabled

Question 8

Lab simulation

Simulation

Create a volume group, and set the size is 500M, the size of single PE is 16M. Create logical volume named lv0 in this volume group, set size is 20 PE, make it as ext3 file system, and mounted automatically under data.

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fdisk /dev/vda
pvcreate /dev/vda3 vgcreate -s 16M vg0 /dev/vda3
lvcreate -n lv0 -l 20 vg0 mkfs.ext3 /dev/mapper/vg0-lv0
mkdir /data
/etc/fstab:
/dev/mapper/vg0-lv0 /data ext3 defaults 0 0
mount -a
mount | grep data

Question 9

Lab simulation

Simulation

Add a new logical partition having size 100MB and create the data which will be the mount point for the new partition.

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1. Use fdisk /dev/hda-> To create new partition.
2. Type n ->For New partitions 3. It will ask for Logical or Primary Partitions. Press l for logical.
4. It will ask for the Starting Cylinder: Use the Default by pressing Enter
Keys 5. Type the size: +100M you can specify either Last cylinder of size here.
6. Press P to verify the partitions lists and remember the partitions name.
7. Press w to write on partitions table.
8. Either Reboot or use partprobe command.
9. Use mkfs -t ext3 /dev/hda?
OR 1. mke2fs -j /dev/hda? ->To create ext3 filesystem.
2. vi /etc/fstab
3. Write:
/dev/hda? /data ext3 defaults 0 0 4. Verify by mounting on current sessions also:
mount /dev/hda? /data

Question 10

Lab simulation

Simulation

Configure a user account.
Create a user iaruid is 3400. Password is redhat

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useradd -u 3400 iar
passwd iar

Question 11

Lab simulation

Simulation

Part 1 (on Node1 Server)

Task 8 [Managing Local Users and Groups]

Create a user fred with a user ID 3945. Give the password as iamredhatman

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*
[root@node1 ~]# useradd -u 3945 fred
[root@node1 ~]# echo "iamredhatman" | passwd --stdin fred Changing password for user fred.
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully

Question 12

Lab simulation

Simulation

Part 1 (on Node1 Server)

Task 16 [Running Containers]

Configure your host journal to store all journal across reboot

Copy all journal files from /var/log/journal/ and put them in the /home/shangrila/container-logserver

Create and mount /home/shangrila/container-logserver as a persistent storage to the container as /var/log/ when container start

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*

[shangrila@node1 ~]$ podman ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d5ffe018a53c registry.domain15.example.com:5000/rhel8/rsyslog:latest /bin/rsyslog.sh 5 seconds ago Up 4 seconds ago
logserver
[shangrila@node1 ~]$ podman stats logserver
Error: stats is not supported in rootless mode without cgroups v2 [shangrila@node1 ~]$ podman stop logserver d5ffe018a53ca7eb075bf560d1f30822ab6fe51eba58fd1a8f370eda79806496 [shangrila@node1 ~]$ podman rm logserver Error: no container with name or ID logserver found: no such container [shangrila@node1 ~]$ mkdir -p
container-journal/

*
[shangrila@node1 ~]$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-journald [sudo] password for shangrila:
[shangrila@node1 ~]$ sudo cp -av /var/log/journal/* container-journal/ [shangrila@node1 ~]$ sudo cp -av / var/log/journal/* container-journal/ [shangrila@node1 ~]$ sudo chown -R shangrila container-journal/
[shangrila@node1 ~]$ podman run -d --name logserver -v /home/shangrila/container-journal/:/var/log/ journal:Z registry.domain15.example.com:5000/rhel8/rsyslog [shangrila@node1 ~]$ podman ps
[shangrila@node1 ~]$ loginctl enable-linger
[shangrila@node1 ~]$ loginctl show-user shangrila|grep -i linger Linger=yes

*
[shangrila@node1 ~]$ podman stop logserver
[shangrila@node1 ~]$ podman rm logserver
[shangrila@node1 ~]$ systemctl --user daemon-reload [shangrila@node1 ~]$ systemctl --user enable -- now container-logserver [shangrila@node1 ~]$ podman ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 3903e1d09170 registry.domain15.example.com:5000/rhel8/rsyslog:latest /bin/rsyslog.sh 4 seconds ago Up 4 seconds ago
logserver
[shangrila@node1 ~]$ systemctl --user stop container-logserver.service

*
[shangrila@node1 ~]$ sudo reboot
[shangrila@node1 ~]$ podman ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 7e6cd59c506a registry.domain15.example.com:5000/rhel8/rsyslog:latest /bin/rsyslog.sh 10 seconds ago Up 9 seconds
ago logserver

Question 13

Lab simulation

Simulation

You are a System administrator. Using Log files very easy to monitor the system. Now there are 50 servers running as Mail, Web, Proxy, DNS services etc. You want to centralize the logs from all servers into on LOG Server.

How will you configure the LOG Server to accept logs from remote host?

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By default, system accept the logs only generated from local host. To accept the Log from other host configure:
vi /etc/sysconfig/syslog SYSLOGD_OPTIONS="-m 0 -r"
Where
-m 0 disables 'MARK' messages.

-r enables logging from remote machines
-x disables DNS lookups on messages received with -r service syslog restart

Question 14

Lab simulation

Simulation

There is a server having 172.24.254.254 and 172.25.254.254. Your System lies on 172.24.0.0/16. Make successfully ping to 172.25.254.254 by Assigning following IP: 172.24.0.x where x is your station number.

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Use netconfig command
Enter the IP Address as given station number by your examiner: example: 172.24.0.1
Enter Subnet Mask
Enter Default Gateway and primary name server press on ok ifdown eth0 ifup eth0 verify using ifconfig
In the lab server is playing the role of router, IP forwarding is enabled. Just set the Correct IP and gateway, you can ping to 172.25.254.254.

Question 15

Lab simulation

Simulation

Please open the ip_forward, and take effect permanently.

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vim /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 sysctl -w (takes effect immediately)
If no "sysctl.conf" option, use these commands:

sysctl -a |grep net.ipv4 sysctl -P net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
sysctl -w

Question 16

Lab simulation

Simulation

Make a swap partition having 100MB. Make Automatically Usable at System Boot Time.

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Use fdisk /dev/hda ->To create new partition.
Type n-> For New partition
It will ask for Logical or Primary Partitions. Press l for logical.
It will ask for the Starting Cylinder: Use the Default by pressing Enter Key.
Type the Size: +100M ->You can Specify either Last cylinder of Size here.
Press P to verify the partitions lists and remember the partitions name. Default System ID is 83 that means Linux Native.
Type t to change the System ID of partition.
Type Partition Number

Type 82 that means Linux Swap.
Press w to write on partitions table.
Either Reboot or use partprobe command.
mkswap /dev/hda? ->To create Swap File system on partition.
swapon /dev/hda? ->To enable the Swap space from partition.
free -m ->Verify Either Swap is enabled or not.
vi /etc/fstab/dev/hda? swap swap defaults 0 0
Reboot the System and verify that swap is automatically enabled or not.

Question 17

Lab simulation

Simulation

Configure a task: plan to run echo "file" command at 14:23 every day.

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(a) Created as administrator
# crontab -u natasha -e
23 14 * * * /bin/echo "file" (b)Created as natasha
# su - natasha
$ crontab -e
23 14 * * * /bin/echo "file"

Question 18

Lab simulation

Simulation

1. Find all sizes of 10k file or directory under the /etc directory, and copy to /tmp/findfiles directory.
2. Find all the files or directories with Lucy as the owner, and copy to /tmp/findfiles directory.

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(1)find /etc -size 10k -exec cp {} /tmp/findfiles \;
(2)find / -user lucy -exec cp -a {} /tmp/findfiles \; Note: If find users and permissions, you need to use cp - a options, to keep file permissions and user attributes etc.

Question 19

Lab simulation

Simulation

Resize the logical volume vo and its filesystem to 290 MB. Make sure that the filesystem contents remain intact.
Note: Partitions are seldom exactly the same size requested, so a size within the range of 260 MB to 320
MiB is acceptable.

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df -hT lvextend -L +100M /dev/vg0/vo
lvscan xfs_growfs /home/ // home is LVM mounted directory Note: This step is only need to do in our practice environment, you do not need to do in the real exam resize2fs /dev/vg0/vo // Use this comand to update in the real exam df -hT OR
e2fsck -f/dev/vg0/vo
umount /home resize2fs /dev/vg0/vo required partition capacity such as 100M lvreduce -l 100M /dev/vg0/vo mount
/dev/vg0/vo /home
df -Ht

Question 20

Lab simulation

Simulation

SELinux must be running in the Enforcing mode.

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getenforce // Check the current mode of SELinux // SELinux runs in enforcing mode // Check getenforce 1 getenforce vim /etc/selinux/config selinux=enforcing // To temporarily enable SELinux wg sestatus

Question 21

Lab simulation

Simulation

Upgrade the kernel, start the new kernel by default. kernel download from this address:
ftp://server1.domain10.example.com/pub/update/new.kernel

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Download the new kernel file and then install it.
[root@desktop8 Desktop]# ls
kernel-2.6.32-71.7.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
kernel-firmware-2.6.32-71.7.1.el6.noarch.rpm
[root@desktop8 Desktop]# rpm -ivh kernel-*
Preparing... ###########################################
[100%]
1:kernel-firmware
########################################### [ 50%]
2:kernel
########################################### [100%]
Verify the grub.conf file, whether use the new kernel as the default boot. [root@desktop8 Desktop]# cat
/boot/grub/grub.conf default=0 title Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (2.6.32-71.7.1.el6.x86_64)
root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-71.7.1.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vol0-root rd_LVM_LV=vol0/root
rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_MD rd_NO_DM LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us
crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-71.7.1.el6.x86_64.img

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Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA)

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